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Teixeira SC, de Souza G, Junior JPDL, Rosini AM, Martínez AFF, Fernandes TADM, Ambrósio SR, Veneziani RCS, Bastos JK, Martins CHG, Barbosa BF, Ferro EAV. Copaifera spp. oleoresins and two isolated compounds (ent-kaurenoic and ent-polyalthic acid) inhibit Toxoplasma gondii growth in vitro. Exp Parasitol 2024; 262:108771. [PMID: 38723847 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis affects about one-third of the world's population. The disease treatment methods pose several side effects and do not efficiently eliminate the parasite, making the search for new therapeutic approaches necessary. We aimed to assess the anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of four Copaifera oleoresins (ORs) and two isolated diterpene acids, named ent-kaurenoic and ent-polyalthic acid. We used HeLa cells as an experimental model of toxoplasmosis. Uninfected and infected HeLa cells were submitted to the treatments, and the parasite intracellular proliferation, cytokine levels and ROS production were measured. Also, tachyzoites were pre-treated and the parasite invasion was determined. Finally, an in silico analysis was performed to identify potential parasite targets. Our data show that the non-cytotoxic concentrations of ORs and diterpene acids controlled the invasion and proliferation of T. gondii in HeLa cells, thus highlighting the possible direct action on parasites. In addition, some compounds tested controlled parasite proliferation in an irreversible manner. An additional and non-exclusive mechanism of action involves the modulation of host cell components, by affecting the upregulation of the IL-6. Additionally, molecular docking suggested that ent-polyalthic acid has a high affinity for the active site of the TgCDPK1 protein. Copaifera ORs have great antiparasitic activity against T. gondii, and this effect can be partially explained by the presence of the isolated compounds ent-kaurenoic and ent-polyalthic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Joed Pires de Lima Junior
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Monteiro Rosini
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Aryani Felixa Fajardo Martínez
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Ricardo Ambrósio
- Nucleus of Research in Technological and Exact Sciences, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Najer A. Pathogen-binding nanoparticles to inhibit host cell infection by heparan sulfate and sialic acid dependent viruses and protozoan parasites. SMART MEDICINE 2024; 3:e20230046. [PMID: 39188697 PMCID: PMC11235646 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20230046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Global health faces an immense burden from infectious diseases caused by viruses and intracellular protozoan parasites such as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and malaria, respectively. These pathogens propagate through the infection of human host cells. The first stage of this host cell infection mechanism is cell attachment, which typically involves interactions between the infectious agent and surface components on the host cell membranes, specifically heparan sulfate (HS) and/or sialic acid (SA). Hence, nanoparticles (NPs) which contain or mimic HS/SA that can directly bind to the pathogen surface and inhibit cell infection are emerging as potential candidates for an alternative anti-infection therapeutic strategy. These NPs can be prepared from metals, soft matter (lipid, polymer, and dendrimer), DNA, and carbon-based materials among others and can be designed to include aspects of multivalency, broad-spectrum activity, biocidal mechanisms, and multifunctionality. This review provides an overview of such anti-pathogen nanomedicines beyond drug delivery. Nanoscale inhibitors acting against viruses and obligate intracellular protozoan parasites are discussed. In the future, the availability of broadly applicable nanotherapeutics would allow early tackling of existing and upcoming viral diseases. Invasion inhibitory NPs could also provide urgently needed effective treatments for protozoan parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Najer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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3
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Nunes AP, Dos Santos YM, da Silva Sanfelice RA, Concato-Lopes VM, Silva TF, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Lazarin-Bidoia D, Machado RRB, de Barros LD, Garcia JL, Conchon-Costa I, Pavanelli WR, Kobayashi RKT, de Freitas Barbosa B, Ferro EAV, Costa IN. Essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) reduces infection and proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii in BeWo cells with induction of autophagy and death of tachyzoites through a mechanism similar to necrosis. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:217. [PMID: 38772951 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis poses a global health threat, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe, potentially fatal manifestations, especially in immunocompromised individuals and congenital transmission. Prior research suggests that oregano essential oil (OEO) exhibits diverse biological effects, including antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii. Given concerns about current treatments, exploring new compounds is important. This study was to assess the toxicity of OEO on BeWo cells and T. gondii tachyzoites, as well as to evaluate its effectiveness in in vitro infection models and determine its direct action on free tachyzoites. OEO toxicity on BeWo cells and T. gondii tachyzoites was assessed by MTT and trypan blue methods, determining cytotoxic concentration (CC50), inhibitory concentration (IC50), and selectivity index (SI). Infection and proliferation indices were analyzed. Direct assessments of the parasite included reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, necrosis, and apoptosis, as well as electron microscopy. Oregano oil exhibited low cytotoxicity on BeWo cells (CC50: 114.8 µg/mL ± 0.01) and reduced parasite viability (IC50 12.5 ± 0.06 µg/mL), demonstrating 9.18 times greater selectivity for parasites than BeWo cells. OEO treatment significantly decreased intracellular proliferation in infected cells by 84% after 24 h with 50 μg/mL. Mechanistic investigations revealed increased ROS levels, mitochondrial depolarization, and lipid droplet formation, linked to autophagy induction and plasma membrane permeabilization. These alterations, observed through electron microscopy, suggested a necrotic process confirmed by propidium iodide labeling. OEO treatment demonstrated anti-T. gondii action through cellular and metabolic change while maintaining low toxicity to trophoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Paulina Nunes
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Experimental Immunoparasitology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Munhoz Dos Santos
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Experimental Immunoparasitology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel Arruda da Silva Sanfelice
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Experimental Immunoparasitology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Marcia Concato-Lopes
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taylon Felipe Silva
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidoia
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rayanne Regina Beltrame Machado
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Department of Veterinary Medicine - Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine - Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Bellisa de Freitas Barbosa
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology - Laboratory of Reproduction Immunophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology - Laboratory of Reproduction Immunophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Idessania Nazareth Costa
- Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology - Laboratory of Experimental Immunoparasitology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Alves AB, da Silva Bortoleti BT, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Ganaza AFM, Gonçalves MD, Carloto ACM, Rodrigues ACJ, Silva TF, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Miranda-Sapla MM, Costa IN, Pavanelli WR, Conchon-Costa I. Synergistic Antileishmanial Effect of Oregano Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanisms of Action on Leishmania amazonensis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050660. [PMID: 37242330 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
American tegumentary leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by the Leishmania genus, poses significant challenges in treatment, including administration difficulty, low efficacy, and parasite resistance. Novel compounds or associations offer alternative therapies, and natural products such as oregano essential oil (OEO), extracted from Origanum vulgare, have been extensively researched due to biological effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNp), a nanomaterial with compelling antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity, have been shown to exhibit potent leishmanicidal properties. We evaluated the in vitro effect of OEO and AgNp-Bio association on L. amazonensis and the death mechanisms of the parasite involved. Our results demonstrated a synergistic antileishmanial effect of OEO + AgNp on promastigote forms and L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, which induced morphological and ultrastructural changes in promastigotes. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanisms underlying parasite death and showed an increase in NO, ROS, mitochondrial depolarization, accumulation of lipid-storage bodies, autophagic vacuoles, phosphatidylserine exposure, and damage to the plasma membrane. Moreover, the association resulted in a reduction in the percentage of infected cells and the number of amastigotes per macrophage. In conclusion, our findings establish that OEO + AgNp elicits a late apoptosis-like mechanism to combat promastigote forms and promotes ROS and NO production in infected macrophages to target intracellular amastigote forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Barbosa Alves
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC-Fiocruz-Pr), Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC-Fiocruz-Pr), Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marques Ganaza
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Manoela Daiele Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotransformation and Phytochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Jacob Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Taylon Felipe Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Milena Menegazzo Miranda-Sapla
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Idessania Nazareth Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
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5
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Almallah TM, Khedr SI, El Nouby KA, Younis SS, Elazeem MA, Elmehy DA. The synergetic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics in alleviating the outcome of acute toxoplasmosis in mice. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:927-937. [PMID: 36786888 PMCID: PMC10006249 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an immunologically complex disease, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Although there are several therapeutic regimens for such disease, the majority of them have many drawbacks. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to improve the current regimen in an effort to achieve a well-tolerated therapy while also enhancing the host immune response. Famous for their immunomodulatory effect, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics were chosen to be evaluated in this study as an adjuvant therapy against the virulent RH Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) strain. Experimental mice were divided into control and treated groups. The control group was further subdivided into two groups: group I: 10 uninfected mice and group II: 20 infected untreated mice. The treated experimental group was subdivided into three groups (20 mice each); group III: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) treated, group IV: probiotics treated, and group V: SMZ-TMP combined with probiotics. The results obtained revealed that combined therapy increased survival rate and time up to 95% and 16 days, respectively, with an 82% reduction of tachyzoites and marked distortion, as detected by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, combined therapy alleviated the severity and the extent of the inflammatory cells' infiltration, thereby reducing hepatocyte degeneration. Intriguingly, serum IF-γ level showed a significant increase to 155.92 ± 10.12 ng/L with combined therapy, reflecting the immunological role of the combined therapy. The current results revealed that probiotics have a high adjuvant potential in alleviating the impact of toxoplasmosis. Using probiotics as a synergistic treatment to modulate conventional therapy in systemic toxoplasmosis may gain popularity due to their low cost and current availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem M Almallah
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Khedr
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kholoud A El Nouby
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Salwa S Younis
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona A Elazeem
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Elmehy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Wang L, Wang H, Wei S, Huang X, Yu C, Meng Q, Wang D, Yin G, Huang Z. Toxoplasma gondii induces MLTC-1 apoptosis via ERS pathway. Exp Parasitol 2022; 244:108429. [PMID: 36403802 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a serious intracellular parasite and mammalian infection can damage the reproductive system and lead to apoptosis of Murine Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1); however, the mechanism is unclear. The testis Leydig cell is the main testosterone synthesis cell in male mammals. We studied the mechanism of T. gondii infection on Leydig cell apoptosis in vitro. MLTC-1 were divided into control and experimental groups. Experiment group cells and tachyzoites were co-cultured, in a 1:20 ratio, for 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. T. gondii entered the cells and caused lesions at 12 h. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of the experiment group increased with time and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. RT-qPCR and western blot demonstrated that the expression of P53, Caspase-3, and Bax were significantly increased at 12 h (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 expression was significantly increased at 12 h (P < 0.05). The ER stress (ERS) pathway was important in cell apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blot showed that the expression of CHOP was significantly increased at 12 h (P < 0.05). These data indicate that T. gondii induced MLTC-1 cell apoptosis may occur via the ERS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Shihao Wei
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Chunchen Yu
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Qingrui Meng
- Jinshan College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Guangwen Yin
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China.
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China.
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Li B, Liu Y, Sun S. Pump proton inhibitors display anti-tumour potential in glioma. Cell Prolif 2022:e13321. [PMID: 35961680 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glioma is one of the most aggressive brain tumours with poor overall survival despite advanced technology in surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation. Progression and recurrence are the hinge causes of low survival. Our aim is to explain the concrete mechanism in the proliferation and progression of tumours based on tumour microenvironment (TME). The main purpose is to illustrate the mechanism of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in affecting acidity, hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and autophagy based on the TME to induce apoptosis and enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy. FINDINGS TME is the main medium for tumour growth and progression. Acidity, hypoxia, inflammatory response, autophagy, angiogenesis and so on are the main causes of tumour progress. PPIs, as a common clinical drug to inhibit gastric acid secretion, have the advantages of fast onset, long action time and small adverse reactions. Nowadays, several kinds of literature highlight the potential of PPIs in inhibiting tumour progression. However, long-term use of PPIs alone also has obvious side effects. Therefore, till now, how to apply PPIs to promote the effect of radio-chemotherapy and find the concrete dose and concentration of combined use are novel challenges. CONCLUSIONS PPIs display the potential in enhancing the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy to defend against glioma based on TME. In the clinic, it is also necessary to explore specific concentrations and dosages in synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Arruda da Silva Sanfelice R, Silva TF, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Bortoleti BTDS, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Scandorieiro S, Nakazato G, de Barros LD, Garcia JL, Verri WA, Conchon-Costa I, Pavanelli WR, Costa IN. Biogenic silver nanoparticles reduce Toxoplasma gondii infection and proliferation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reactive oxygen species production in the cells. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104971. [PMID: 35341976 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the serious adverse effects caused by pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, the drugs commonly used to treat toxoplasmosis, there is a need for treatment alternatives for this disease. Nanotechnology has enabled significant advances toward this goal. This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNp-Bio) in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages infected with the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The macrophages were infected with T. gondii tachyzoites and then treated with various concentrations of AgNp-Bio. The cells were evaluated by microscopy, and culture supernatants were collected for ELISA determination of their cytokine concentration. Treatment with 6 μM AgNp-Bio reduced the infection and parasite load in infected RAW 264.7 macrophages without being toxic to the cells. The treatment also induced the synthesis of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (both pro-inflammatory mediators), which resulted in ultrastructural changes in the tachyzoites and their intramacrophagic destruction. Our findings suggest that AgNp-Bio affect T. gondii tachyzoites by activating microbicidal and pro-inflammatory mechanisms and may be a potential alternative treatment for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylon Felipe Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer - LIDNC, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer - LIDNC, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC/FIOCRUZ/PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer - LIDNC, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC/FIOCRUZ/PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer - LIDNC, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sara Scandorieiro
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer - LIDNC, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer - LIDNC, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Idessania Nazareth Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer - LIDNC, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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