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Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, Ceyca-Contreras JP, Gómez-Ruiz EP, Rios E, García-Vielma C, García-Salas JA. DNA Damage in Bat Blood Leukocytes Using a Chromatin Dispersion Test (CDT): Biomarker of Environmental Genotoxicity. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:59. [PMID: 38602569 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants produce adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. Biomonitoring and biomarkers offer a reasonable approach to make these assessments. Induced genetic changes can be using as a biomarker in organisms that react to a given compound in the ecosystem. Monitoring environmental genotoxicity necessitates the choice of model animals known as "sentinels or biological monitors" and the suitability of validated tests for DNA damage evaluation. We aimed to estimate the DNA damage produced by thermal stress in the leukocytes of the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). The DNA damage in bat leukocytes exposed to different temperatures (35 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C) was evaluated by the adapted chromatin dispersion test (CDT) and the results were confirmed by the alkaline comet test. The CDT permitted a clear representation of leukocytes with fragmented DNA and of nonfragmented DNA. In addition, we detected nuclear anomalies in relation to cell death cellular swelling, nuclear fragmentation, and chromatin lysis. The alkaline comet assay revealed that the halos of diffuse chromatin include fragmented DNA. The assay of the method employing the CDT is well established, precise, and cost-effective for the routine quantitative analysis of DNA damage on the effect of the leukocytes of bats exposed to thermal stress. This could also apply as a sensitive screening tool for the evaluation of genotoxicity in environmental protection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva I Cortés-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66450, México.
| | - Juan P Ceyca-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66450, México.
| | - Emma P Gómez-Ruiz
- Parque Ecológico Chipinque, A.B.P., San Pedro Garza García, NL, México
| | - Evelyn Rios
- Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México
| | - Catalina García-Vielma
- Department of Genetics, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, México
| | - Juan A García-Salas
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66450, México
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Simonis MC, Whitmore K, Dyer KE, Allira M, Demory B, Chumchal MM, Becker DJ. A paired analysis of mercury among non-invasive tissues to inform bat conservation monitoring. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.587502. [PMID: 38617222 PMCID: PMC11014497 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.587502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Contaminant exposure can harm wildlife. However, measuring contaminant exposure in wildlife can be challenging due to accessibility of species and/or sampling tissue matrices needed to answer research questions regarding exposure. For example, in bats and other taxa that roost, it may be best to collect pooled feces from colonies for minimal disturbance to species of conservation concern, but fecal contaminant concentrations do not provide contaminant bioaccumulation estimates. Thus, there is a need for quantifying relationships between sample matrices for measuring contaminant exposure to answer research questions pertaining to wildlife health and addressing conservation needs. Our goal was to determine relationships between fecal and fur total mercury (THg). To do so, we collected paired feces and fur from Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in summer 2023 in western Oklahoma at a maternity roost with no known Hg point source. We analyzed THg in each sample matrix for each individual (n = 48). We found no relationship between individual fecal and fur THg. However, when averaged, fur THg was 6.11 times greater than fecal THg. This factor can be used as a screening-level risk assessment of under-roost feces, which could then be followed by direct assessments of fur THg concentrations and health impacts. We encourage the use of this conversion factor across other insectivorous bat species and sites for estimating initial risks of contaminant exposure with minimal disturbance to species of conservation concern, when timely research for conservation actions are needed, and when a contaminant point source is not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristin E Dyer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, USA
| | - Meagan Allira
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bret Demory
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, USA
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3
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Vidal LLL, de Souza Santos LV, Talamoni SA. Ecotoxicology of heavy metal contamination of Neotropical bats. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:391. [PMID: 38517570 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Although bats are responsible for many ecosystem services on which humans depend, they are frequently exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors. Heavy metal (HM) exposure is an emerging threat of great significance to bats, yet the toxicity threshold for most metallic elements remains unknown. The greatest diversity of bats worldwide is in the Neotropical region, where ecotoxicological studies are scarce. Thus, this review provides a current overview of the knowledge available on HMs contamination of Neotropical bats. Analysis of the results of 17 articles published between 2000 and 2023 documented a trend of increasing interest in the topic, although it is incipient and in few countries. Of the 226 species known for the Neotropics, 95 have been investigated for metal concentrations. Seven different matrices were used to assess concentrations of heavy metals in tissues, with fur being the subject of eight studies, highlighting the search for non-invasive analysis. Twenty-one HMs were detected in bats, with mercury being the most common. The highest concentrations of this HM were detected in insectivorous/omnivorous bats, highlighting its magnification in this trophic guild compared to frugivorous bats. Copper, lead, and cadmium did not differ significantly among the other trophic guilds. This review shows that there is knowledge about concentrations of heavy metals in several Neotropical species, but knowledge about the impact of these concentrations on bat health is limited, which highlights the need for research to determine critical concentrations that cause damage to bat health, and that guide conservation actions for their populations, as well as environmental monitoring actions for these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Lauren Lima Vidal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil.
| | - Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535610, Brazil
| | - Sônia Aparecida Talamoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil.
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4
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Wei X. Sustainability metrics of environmental sustainability in Iranian manufacturing sector: achieving through human resources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118352-118365. [PMID: 37910352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper investigates the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) on operatives' green actions in Iranian businesses. GHRM is a human resource management approach that prioritizes environmental and social responsibility. The study uses a random sample of 385 managers and employees from Iran's industrialized businesses in all regions. The research uses partial least square structure equations modeling to evaluate the suggested framework. The results show that GHRM practices affect corporate social responsibility, green attitudes inside the workplace, and green activities taken by workers. In addition, a green mentality and a commitment to corporate social responsibility encourage environmental activities in the workplace. The green psychosocial environment and corporate social responsibilities are intermediaries between green human resources development and individual green behaviour in Iranian businesses. The study suggests that incorporating sustainability metrics into the human resource management system is vital for achieving a sustainable future in industrial development. The research has important implications for businesses around the world, particularly those in the manufacturing sector, by encouraging them to adopt more environmentally responsive methods, including reducing resource usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- School of Business, Wuxi Taihu University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
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Bedard B, Hickey B, Chételat J, Mennigen JA. Variation in habitat use and its consequences for mercury exposure in two Eastern Ontario bat species, Myotis lucifugus and Eptesicus fuscus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:845-857. [PMID: 37612563 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The St. Lawrence River in Eastern Ontario, Canada, has been a designated an area of concern due to past industrial contamination of sediment in some areas and transport of mercury from tributaries. Previous research using bats as sentinel species identified elevated concentrations of total mercury (THg) in fur of local bats and species-specific variation between little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Here, we investigated the mercury exposure pathways for these two species by testing the hypothesis that diet variation, particularly the reliance on aquatic over terrestrial insects, is a determinant of local bat mercury concentrations. We analyzed THg concentration and stable isotope ratios of δ15N and δ13C in fur of little and big brown bats, and in aquatic and terrestrial insects. Big brown bats, especially males, accumulated significantly higher THg concentrations in their fur compared to little brown bats. However, this difference was not related to diet because big brown bats consumed terrestrial insects, which were lower in mercury than aquatic insects, the primary prey for little brown bats. We also evaluated whether fur THg concentrations translate into molecular changes in tissues linked to (methyl)mercury toxicity by quantifying tissue changes in global DNA methylation and mitochondrial DNA abundance. No significant changes in DNA molecular markers were observed in relation to fur THg concentration, suggesting mercury exposure to local bats did not impact molecular level changes at the DNA level. Higher mercury in bats was not associated with local aquatic contamination or genotoxicity in this study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Bedard
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N6A5, Canada
- River Institute, Cornwall, ON, K6H4Z1, Canada
| | | | - John Chételat
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0H3, Canada
| | - Jan A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N6A5, Canada.
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6
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Benvindo-Souza M, Sotero DF, Dos Santos CGA, de Assis RA, Borges RE, de Souza Santos LR, de Melo E Silva D. Genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic analysis in bats in mining area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92095-92106. [PMID: 37480534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Pollution generated by the mining industry can cause harm to wildlife. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity in bats environmentally exposed to open pit mining. Thus, 62 bats of the following species, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Phyllostomus hastatus, and Desmodus rotundus exposed to mining activities (ferronickel) were used in the analysis. The animals were obtained in samplings in July and November of 2021, totaling 8 days of sampling in the field. The results indicated that species differ in the frequency of genotoxic damage between sampling points within the mining landscape. Cytotoxicity was observed by scoring of karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis. The most captured species, C. perspicillata, showed differences in DNA damage between exposed and unexposed populations, but no differences were observed between males (n = 14) and females (n = 20). G. soricina was also a sensitive species for indicating a high frequency of DNA damages compared to the omnivore P. hastatus. Elements such as Mn, Cr, Pb, and Zn observed in water samples were at high levels in the mining area. We conclude that bats in mining areas are susceptible to increased DNA damage as already identified for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal - Instituto Federal Goiano - Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Resources of the Cerrado at the State University of Goiás, Anápolis, CEP 75132-903, Brazil.
| | - Daiany Folador Sotero
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Cirley Gomes Araújo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal - Instituto Federal Goiano - Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, CEP 15.054-000, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Alves de Assis
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal - Instituto Federal Goiano - Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, CEP 15.054-000, Brazil
| | - Rinneu Elias Borges
- Laboratory of Zoology - Universidade de Rio Verde - UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal - Instituto Federal Goiano - Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
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Abalaka SE, Idoko IS, Adamu AM, Nafarnda WD, Machunga-Mabunla S, Audu Z, Sani NA, Tenuche OZ, Ejeh SA. Histopathological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the straw-colored fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, in Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:411. [PMID: 36807700 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is heightening concern regarding heavy metals environmental pollution requiring renewed global attention because of their bioaccumulation and toxicity at varying levels. The concern is most important in the highly migratory Eidolon helvum (E. helvum) that is very common and traverses wide geographical areas within the sub-Saharan Africa. The present study aimed to evaluate levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) bioaccumulation in 24 E. helvum of both sexes from Nigeria to assess their indirect health risks to the human consumers of the bats in addition to their direct bioaccumulation and toxic damages in the bats themselves based on standard procedures. Lead, Zn, and Cd bioaccumulation concentrations were 2.83 ± 0.35, 0.42 ± 0.03, and 0.05 ± 0.01 mg/kg, respectively, with significant (p < 0.05) Pb bioaccumulation compared to either Cd or Zn in the affected bats. However, only Pb (markedly) and Cd (marginally) bioaccumulated above small mammals' critical threshold levels as there are no existing established threshold levels for bats. Sex played no major role in their bioaccumulation levels. The bioaccumulation levels posed no life-long non-carcinogenic nor carcinogenic risks to the human consumers of the bats at detected concentrations. The observed lungs, liver, and kidney histopathological changes suggested the possible direct effects of the metals in the bats. Nevertheless, other anthropogenic factors might be responsible as no significant (p > 0.05) correlation existed between cellular changes and the bioaccumulation levels. The presence of the heavy metals and their bioaccumulations above critical threshold levels suggested some levels of environmental contamination and pollution, which might have direct and indirect health implications to the bats and their human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Musa Adamu
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Bebegu Yumba Campus, 4814, QLD, Townsville, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Wesley Daniel Nafarnda
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Zakariya Audu
- Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Sunday Augustine Ejeh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
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Vitamin C Levels in Different Organs of Bat Species from Different Food Groups. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122121. [PMID: 36556485 PMCID: PMC9783699 DOI: 10.3390/life12122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Unlike most animals, most bats cannot synthesize vitamin C endogenously. Consequently, this vitamin must be obtained from the diet. Among the bat species, there are several food groups, such as frugivorous, nectarivorous, insectivorous, and hematophagous. In this work, we measured and compared vitamin C levels in different organs of four species of bats, all collected in southern Brazil. When analyzing and comparing the levels of vitamin C in the four bat species, (regardless of the organ), no significant differences were observed. However, when analyzing and comparing the levels of vitamin C in the four organs (regardless of the species), significant differences were observed, with the highest concentrations in the heart, followed by the liver and brain, while the lowest concentration was measured in the kidneys. Additional differences in the levels of Vitamin C were only observed when each organ was analyzed according to the species/diet. These results indicate a high degree of metabolic homeostasis in bats despite the marked difference in the type of diet.
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9
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Sotero DF, Benvindo-Souza M, Pereira de Freitas R, de Melo E Silva D. Bats and pollution: Genetic approaches in ecotoxicology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135934. [PMID: 35952787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution drives the decline of species and, as flying mammals, bats can be considered to be excellent indicators of environmental quality, and the analysis of genetic biomarkers in these animals can provide important parameters for the assessment of environmental health. This review verifies the trends in pollution research, in particular, the use of genetic markers in the study of bats, based on a literature search of the Web of Science and Scopus platforms. Sixteen publications were identified during the search, which focused on the timeframe between 1996 and March 2022, including investigations of the effects of heavy metals, agricultural pesticides, and radiation. The studies were based primarily on the application of biomarkers for genotoxic analysis, including the comet assay, micronucleus test, and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Only 55 bat species have been investigated up to now, that is, 4% of the 1447 currently recognized. In general, bats exposed to polluted environments presented a higher frequency of genotoxic and mutagenic damage than those sampled in clean environments. Given the importance of the diverse ecological functions provided by bats, including pest control, pollination, and seed dispersal, it is increasingly necessary to investigate the damage caused to the health of these animals exposed to areas with high concentrations of contaminants. Although genetic biomarkers have been used to investigate physiological parameters in bats for more than two decades, then, many knowledge gaps remain, worldwide, in terms of the number of species and localities investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiany Folador Sotero
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology. Institute of Biological Sciences, Mutagenesis Laboratory, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Graduate School, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology. Institute of Biological Sciences, Mutagenesis Laboratory, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Graduate School, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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10
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Ghazaryan A, Adamyan S, Hayrapetyan T, Papov G, Hakobyan L, Abroyan L, Bayramyan N, Hakobyan S, Poghosyan A, Torossian H, Karalyan Z. Comparative staining of Rhinolophus spp. white blood cells in blood smears. Vet World 2022; 15:750-756. [PMID: 35497959 PMCID: PMC9047142 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.750-756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: A drawback of studies on bat blood smears in the field is the lack of time for fixation because blood sampling using a non-lethal method often provides less time for fixation in smear preparations due to the small volume of blood collected. Usually, there is insufficient blood for another smear preparation, so it is necessary to use blood smears as rationally as possible, especially for rare bats. Many stains are used for staining peripheral blood smears, and they have advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed to examine commonly used stains for blood smears to select the best stain for staining peripheral blood smears in bats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 blood smears of Rhinolophus spp. bats were examined using several blood staining methods. Four methods that showed the best results were used in further experiments: Romanowsky-Giemsa, Pappenheim, hematoxylin-eosin, and eosin methylene blue. Results: Comparative analysis of different methods for staining bat blood smears revealed that the most convenient method for analyzing blood cells is Pappenheim method. Conclusion: Staining blood smears using Pappenheim method yield the least number of unsuccessful blood smear stains and are quite effective for the morphological analysis of blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astghik Ghazaryan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, A. Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Seda Adamyan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, A. Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tigran Hayrapetyan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, A. Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - George Papov
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, A. Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lina Hakobyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Liana Abroyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nane Bayramyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sona Hakobyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arpine Poghosyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hrag Torossian
- Department of Medical Biology, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaven Karalyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia; Department of Medical Biology, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
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11
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Benvindo-Souza M, Hosokawa AV, Dos Santos CGA, de Assis RA, Pedroso TMA, Borges RE, Pacheco SM, de Souza Santos LR, de Melo E Silva D. Evaluation of genotoxicity in bat species found on agricultural landscapes of the Cerrado savanna, central Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118579. [PMID: 34843846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation together represent the most significant threat to the world's biodiversity. In order to guarantee the survival of this diversity, the monitoring of bioindicators can provide important insights into the health of a natural environment. In this context, we used the comet assay and micronucleus test to evaluate the genotoxic susceptibility of 126 bats of eight species captured in soybean and sugarcane plantation areas, together with a control area (conservation unit) in the Cerrado savanna of central Brazil. No significant differences were found between the specimens captured in the sugarcane and control areas in the frequency of micronuclei and DNA damage (comet assay). However, the omnivore Phyllostomus hastatus had a higher frequency of nuclear abnormalities than the frugivore Carollia perspicillata in the sugarcane area. Insectivorous and frugivorous bats presented a higher frequency of genotoxic damage than the nectarivores in the soybean area. In general, DNA damage and micronuclei were significantly more frequent in agricultural environments than in the control area. While agricultural development is an economic necessity in developing countries, the impacts on the natural landscape may result in genotoxic damage to the local fauna, such as bats. Over the medium to long term, then DNA damage may have an increasingly negative impact on the wellbeing of the local species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
| | - Akemi Vieira Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Cirley Gomes Araújo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Alves de Assis
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil; Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Josédo Rio Preto, São Paulo, CEP 15.054-000, Brazil
| | - Thays Millena Alves Pedroso
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Rinneu Elias Borges
- Laboratory of Zoology, Universidade de Rio Verde, UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Susi Missel Pacheco
- Research Department, Instituto Sauver, Rua Dr. Paulo Franco dos Reis 40. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90.480-090, Brazil
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, Goiás, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
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