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Trujillo M, Conan A, Calchi AC, Mertens-Scholz K, Becker A, Gallagher C, Mau A, Marchi S, Machado M, André MR, Chapwanya A, Müller A. Bacterial burden and molecular characterization of Coxiella burnetii in shedding pregnant and postpartum ewes from Saint Kitts. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:102188. [PMID: 38691873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial burden and perform molecular characterization of Coxiella burnetii during shedding in pregnant (vaginal, mucus and feces) and postpartum (vaginal mucus, feces and milk) ewes from Saint Kitts. Positive IS1111 DNA (n=250) for C. burnetii samples from pregnant (n=87) and postpartum (n=74) Barbados Blackbelly ewes in a previous investigation were used for this study. Vaginal mucus (n=118), feces (n=100), and milk (n=32) positive IS1111 C. burnetii-DNA were analysed by real time qPCR (icd gene). For molecular characterization of C. burnetii, selected (n=10) IS1111 qPCR positive samples were sequenced for fragments of the IS1111 element and the 16 S rRNA gene. nBLAST, phylogenetic and haplotype analyses were performed. Vaginal mucus, feces and milk had estimated equal amounts of bacterial DNA (icd copies), and super spreaders were detected within the fecal samples. C. burnetii haplotypes had moderate to high diversity, were ubiquitous worldwide and similar to previously described in ruminants and ticks and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Trujillo
- Graduate Program, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Anne Conan
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ana Cláudia Calchi
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katja Mertens-Scholz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Anna Becker
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christa Gallagher
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Alex Mau
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Silvia Marchi
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Marcus Machado
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aspinas Chapwanya
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Ananda Müller
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
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Yáñez U, Álvarez J, Pisón C, Acción A, Becerra JJ, Jiménez A, Gisbert P, Herradón PG, Peña AI, Prieto A, Díaz-Cao JM, Quintela LA. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Relationship between Reproductive Performance and the Presence of Antibodies against Coxiellosis in Dairy Farm Milk Tanks in the Northwest of Spain. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:367. [PMID: 38338010 PMCID: PMC10854522 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Q fever is a zoonotic disease that has been associated with reproductive problems in animals. As there is little epidemiological data regarding the distribution and risk factors of this disorder in cattle, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii among dairy herds in the northwest of Spain, and to determine the on-farm risk factors associated with the disease and its effects on reproductive performance. Bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were collected from 262 commercial dairy herds from A Coruña, Lugo, and Pontevedra provinces. Data about location, mean age, and herd management features were obtained. A commercial indirect ELISA kit was used to determine the presence of antibodies against C. burnetii in BTM samples. The relationship between seropositivity to C. burnetii and the risk factors was checked using a Pearson's χ2 test and a classification tree analysis. In addition, a one-way ANOVA test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to check the impact of seropositivity to C. burnetii on reproductive performance. A total of 60.1% of the farms tested positive for coxiellosis, the herd size, the external purchase of livestock, and the geographical area were identified as the main risk factors. Conception rate and first-service conception rate were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in positive farms (37.1 and 32.9%) compared to negative farms (39.8 and 36.1%). Similarly, positive farms had significant higher incidence of endometritis (13.7% vs. 11.2%, p < 0.05). Consequently, a high seropositivity and slightly negative effects of coxiellosis on reproductive performance were observed, which intensifies the need for further research, including the identification an active infection in positive herds and the characterization of the genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Yáñez
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.Á.); (C.P.); (A.A.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Jacobo Álvarez
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.Á.); (C.P.); (A.A.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Cristina Pisón
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.Á.); (C.P.); (A.A.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Antía Acción
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.Á.); (C.P.); (A.A.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Juan J. Becerra
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.Á.); (C.P.); (A.A.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
- IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.); (J.M.D.-C.)
| | - Antonio Jiménez
- CEVA SALUD ANIMAL S.A., Avda. Diagonal 609-615, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Philippe Gisbert
- CEVA SANTE ANIMALE, Avenue de la Ballastière 10, 33500 Libourne, France;
| | - Pedro G. Herradón
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.Á.); (C.P.); (A.A.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
- IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.); (J.M.D.-C.)
| | - Ana I. Peña
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.Á.); (C.P.); (A.A.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Alberto Prieto
- IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.); (J.M.D.-C.)
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - José M. Díaz-Cao
- IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.); (J.M.D.-C.)
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis A. Quintela
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.Á.); (C.P.); (A.A.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
- IBADER, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.P.); (J.M.D.-C.)
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