1
|
Olteanu G, Neacșu SM, Joița FA, Musuc AM, Lupu EC, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Lupuliasa D, Mititelu M. Advancements in Regenerative Hydrogels in Skin Wound Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3849. [PMID: 38612660 PMCID: PMC11012090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This state-of-the-art review explores the emerging field of regenerative hydrogels and their profound impact on the treatment of skin wounds. Regenerative hydrogels, composed mainly of water-absorbing polymers, have garnered attention in wound healing, particularly for skin wounds. Their unique properties make them well suited for tissue regeneration. Notable benefits include excellent water retention, creating a crucially moist wound environment for optimal healing, and facilitating cell migration, and proliferation. Biocompatibility is a key feature, minimizing adverse reactions and promoting the natural healing process. Acting as a supportive scaffold for cell growth, hydrogels mimic the extracellular matrix, aiding the attachment and proliferation of cells like fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Engineered for controlled drug release, hydrogels enhance wound healing by promoting angiogenesis, reducing inflammation, and preventing infection. The demonstrated acceleration of the wound healing process, particularly beneficial for chronic or impaired healing wounds, adds to their appeal. Easy application and conformity to various wound shapes make hydrogels practical, including in irregular or challenging areas. Scar minimization through tissue regeneration is crucial, especially in cosmetic and functional regions. Hydrogels contribute to pain management by creating a protective barrier, reducing friction, and fostering a soothing environment. Some hydrogels, with inherent antimicrobial properties, aid in infection prevention, which is a crucial aspect of successful wound healing. Their flexibility and ability to conform to wound contours ensure optimal tissue contact, enhancing overall treatment effectiveness. In summary, regenerative hydrogels present a promising approach for improving skin wound healing outcomes across diverse clinical scenarios. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the benefits, mechanisms, and challenges associated with the use of regenerative hydrogels in the treatment of skin wounds. In this review, the authors likely delve into the application of rational design principles to enhance the efficacy and performance of hydrogels in promoting wound healing. Through an exploration of various methodologies and approaches, this paper is poised to highlight how these principles have been instrumental in refining the design of hydrogels, potentially revolutionizing their therapeutic potential in addressing skin wounds. By synthesizing current knowledge and highlighting potential avenues for future research, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of regenerative medicine and ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with skin wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Olteanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (G.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.)
| | - Florin Alexandru Joița
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.)
| | | | - Elena Carmen Lupu
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900001 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Lupuliasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.)
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (G.O.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao Y, Zhang TL, Zhang HJ, Gao J, Yang PF. A Promising Application of Injectable Hydrogels in Nerve Repair and Regeneration for Ischemic Stroke. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:327-345. [PMID: 38229707 PMCID: PMC10790665 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s442304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a condition that often leads to severe nerve damage, induces complex pathological and physiological changes in nerve tissue. The mature central nervous system (CNS) lacks intrinsic regenerative capacity, resulting in a poor prognosis and long-term neurological impairments. There is no available therapy that can fully restore CNS functionality. However, the utilization of injectable hydrogels has emerged as a promising strategy for nerve repair and regeneration. Injectable hydrogels possess exceptional properties, such as biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and the ability to provide a supportive environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Recently, various hydrogel-based tissue engineering approaches, including cell encapsulation, controlled release of therapeutic factors, and incorporation of bioactive molecules, have demonstrated great potential in the treatment of CNS injuries caused by ischemic stroke. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application and development of injectable hydrogels for the treatment of ischemic stroke-induced CNS injuries, shedding light on their therapeutic prospects, challenges, recent advancements, and future directions. Additionally, it will discuss the underlying mechanisms involved in hydrogel-mediated nerve repair and regeneration, as well as the need for further preclinical and clinical studies to validate their efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Lin Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jian Zhang
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Sharma H, Bhaskar R, Han SS, Sinha JK. Harnessing the power of biological macromolecules in hydrogels for controlled drug release in the central nervous system: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127708. [PMID: 37923043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have immense potential in revolutionizing central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, improving outcomes for neurological disorders. They serve as promising tools for controlled drug delivery to the CNS. Available hydrogel types include natural macromolecules (e.g., chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate), as well as hybrid hydrogels combining natural and synthetic polymers. Each type offers distinct advantages in terms of biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and drug release kinetics. Design and engineering considerations encompass hydrogel composition, crosslinking density, porosity, and strategies for targeted drug delivery. The review emphasizes factors affecting drug release profiles, such as hydrogel properties and formulation parameters. CNS drug delivery applications of hydrogels span a wide range of therapeutics, including small molecules, proteins and peptides, and nucleic acids. However, challenges like limited biodegradability, clearance, and effective CNS delivery persist. Incorporating 3D bioprinting technology with hydrogel-based CNS drug delivery holds the promise of highly personalized and precisely controlled therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders. The review explores emerging technologies like 3D bioprinting and nanotechnology as opportunities for enhanced precision and effectiveness in hydrogel-based CNS drug delivery. Continued research, collaboration, and technological advancements are vital for translating hydrogel-based therapies into clinical practice, benefiting patients with CNS disorders. This comprehensive review article delves into hydrogels for CNS drug delivery, addressing their types, design principles, applications, challenges, and opportunities for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India; ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Hitaishi Sharma
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hasanzadeh E, Seifalian A, Mellati A, Saremi J, Asadpour S, Enderami SE, Nekounam H, Mahmoodi N. Injectable hydrogels in central nervous system: Unique and novel platforms for promoting extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100614. [PMID: 37008830 PMCID: PMC10050787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Repairing central nervous system (CNS) is difficult due to the inability of neurons to recover after damage. A clinically acceptable treatment to promote CNS functional recovery and regeneration is currently unavailable. According to recent studies, injectable hydrogels as biodegradable scaffolds for CNS tissue engineering and regeneration have exceptionally desirable attributes. Hydrogel has a biomimetic structure similar to extracellular matrix, hence has been considered a 3D scaffold for CNS regeneration. An interesting new type of hydrogel, injectable hydrogels, can be injected into target areas with little invasiveness and imitate several aspects of CNS. Injectable hydrogels are being researched as therapeutic agents because they may imitate numerous properties of CNS tissues and hence reduce subsequent injury and regenerate neural tissue. Because of their less adverse effects and cost, easier use and implantation with less pain, and faster regeneration capacity, injectable hydrogels, are more desirable than non-injectable hydrogels. This article discusses the pathophysiology of CNS and the use of several kinds of injectable hydrogels for brain and spinal cord tissue engineering, paying particular emphasis to recent experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hasanzadeh
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Corresponding author. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Valie-Asr Boulevard, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, & Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London, UK
| | - Amir Mellati
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamileh Saremi
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Houra Nekounam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Mahmoodi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hasan-Abad Square, Imam Khomeini Ave., Tehran, 11365-3876, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Niemczyk-Soczynska B, Kolbuk D, Mikulowski G, Ciechomska IA, Sajkiewicz P. Methylcellulose/agarose hydrogel loaded with short electrospun PLLA/laminin fibers as an injectable scaffold for tissue engineering/3D cell culture model for tumour therapies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11889-11902. [PMID: 37077262 PMCID: PMC10107725 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed at designing and fabricating a smart thermosensitive injectable methylcellulose/agarose hydrogel system loaded with short electrospun bioactive PLLA/laminin fibers as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications or 3D cell culture models. Considering ECM-mimicking morphology and chemical composition, such a scaffold is capable of ensuring a hospitable environment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Its viscoelastic properties are beneficial from the practical perspective of minimally invasive materials that are introduced to the body via injection. Viscosity studies showed the shear-thinning character of MC/AGR hydrogels enabling the potential injection ability of highly viscous materials. Injectability tests showed that by tuning the injection rate, even a high amount of short fibers loaded inside of hydrogel could be efficiently injected into the tissue. Biological studies showed the non-toxic character of composite material with excellent viability, attachment, spreading, and proliferation of fibroblasts and glioma cells. These findings indicate that MC/AGR hydrogel loaded with short PLLA/laminin fibers is a promising biomaterial for both tissue engineering applications and 3D tumor culture models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Niemczyk-Soczynska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawinskiego 5b St. 02-106 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dorota Kolbuk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawinskiego 5b St. 02-106 Warsaw Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mikulowski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawinskiego 5b St. 02-106 Warsaw Poland
| | - Iwona A Ciechomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS 3 Pasteur Street 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Pawel Sajkiewicz
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawinskiego 5b St. 02-106 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meissner S, Raos B, Svirskis D. Hydrogels can control the presentation of growth factors and thereby improve their efficacy in tissue engineering. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
7
|
Bertsch P, Diba M, Mooney DJ, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Self-Healing Injectable Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration. Chem Rev 2022; 123:834-873. [PMID: 35930422 PMCID: PMC9881015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials with the ability to self-heal and recover their structural integrity offer many advantages for applications in biomedicine. The past decade has witnessed the rapid emergence of a new class of self-healing biomaterials commonly termed injectable, or printable in the context of 3D printing. These self-healing injectable biomaterials, mostly hydrogels and other soft condensed matter based on reversible chemistry, are able to temporarily fluidize under shear stress and subsequently recover their original mechanical properties. Self-healing injectable hydrogels offer distinct advantages compared to traditional biomaterials. Most notably, they can be administered in a locally targeted and minimally invasive manner through a narrow syringe without the need for invasive surgery. Their moldability allows for a patient-specific intervention and shows great prospects for personalized medicine. Injected hydrogels can facilitate tissue regeneration in multiple ways owing to their viscoelastic and diffusive nature, ranging from simple mechanical support, spatiotemporally controlled delivery of cells or therapeutics, to local recruitment and modulation of host cells to promote tissue regeneration. Consequently, self-healing injectable hydrogels have been at the forefront of many cutting-edge tissue regeneration strategies. This study provides a critical review of the current state of self-healing injectable hydrogels for tissue regeneration. As key challenges toward further maturation of this exciting research field, we identify (i) the trade-off between the self-healing and injectability of hydrogels vs their physical stability, (ii) the lack of consensus on rheological characterization and quantitative benchmarks for self-healing injectable hydrogels, particularly regarding the capillary flow in syringes, and (iii) practical limitations regarding translation toward therapeutically effective formulations for regeneration of specific tissues. Hence, here we (i) review chemical and physical design strategies for self-healing injectable hydrogels, (ii) provide a practical guide for their rheological analysis, and (iii) showcase their applicability for regeneration of various tissues and 3D printing of complex tissues and organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bertsch
- Department
of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular
Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical
Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mani Diba
- Department
of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular
Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical
Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands,John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States,Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David J. Mooney
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States,Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department
of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular
Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical
Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Lin J, Yan W. A Prosperous Application of Hydrogels With Extracellular Vesicles Release for Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:908468. [PMID: 35720072 PMCID: PMC9201053 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.908468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, becoming a heavy burden to the family and society. However, the complexity of the brain and the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) do limit most therapeutics effects through simple intravascular injection. Hence, an effective therapy promoting neurological recovery is urgently required. Although limited spontaneous recovery of function post-TBI does occur, increasing evidence indicates that exosomes derived from stem cells promote these endogenous processes. The advantages of hydrogels for transporting drugs and stem cells to target injured sites have been discussed in multitudinous studies. Therefore, the combined employment of hydrogels and exosomes for TBI is worthy of further study. Herein, we review current research associated with the application of hydrogels and exosomes for TBI. We also discuss the possibilities and advantages of exosomes and hydrogels co-therapies after TBI.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chai Y, Long Y, Dong X, Liu K, Wei W, Chen Y, Qiu T, Dai H. Improved functional recovery of rat transected spinal cord by peptide-grafted PNIPAM based hydrogel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112220. [PMID: 34840029 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Facilitating angiogenesis, reducing the formation of glial scar tissue, and the occurrence of a strong inflammatory response are of great importance for the repair of central nerve damage. In our previous study, a temperature-sensitive hydrogel grafted with bioactive isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine-valine (IKVAV) peptide was prepared and it showed regular three-dimensional porous structure, rapid (de)swelling performance and good biological activity. Therefore, in this study, we used this hydrogel scaffold to treat for SCI to study the effect of it to facilitate angiogenesis, inhibit the differentiation and adhesion of keratinocytes, and further reduce the formation of glial scar tissue. The results reveal that the peptide hydrogel scaffold achieved excellent performance and can also promote the expression of angiogenic factors and reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors to a certain extent. Particularly, it can also inhibit the formation of glial scar tissue and repair damaged tissue. The proposed strategy for developing this hydrogel scaffold provides a new insight into designing biomaterials for a broad range of applications in the tissue engineering of the central nervous system (CNS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanpiao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianzhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China; International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China; Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ali MA, Bhuiyan MH. Types of biomaterials useful in brain repair. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105034. [PMID: 33789130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials is an emerging field in the study of brain tissue engineering and repair or neurogenesis. The fabrication of biomaterials that can replicate the mechanical and viscoelastic features required by the brain, including the poroviscoelastic responses, force dissipation, and solute diffusivity are essential to be mapped from the macro to the nanoscale level under physiological conditions in order for us to gain an effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. This research topic has identified a critical study gap that must be addressed, and that is to source suitable biomaterials and/or create reliable brain-tissue-like biomaterials. This chapter will define and discuss the various types of biomaterials, their structures, and their function-properties features which would enable the development of next-generation biomaterials useful in brain repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Azam Ali
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Mozammel Haque Bhuiyan
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang M, Rich JN, Chen S. Biomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Strategies to Model Glioblastoma and the Blood-Brain Barrier. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004776. [PMID: 33326131 PMCID: PMC7854518 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal adult primary central nervous system cancer. An immunosuppresive and highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, restricted delivery of chemotherapy or immunotherapy through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), together with the brain's unique biochemical and anatomical features result in its universal recurrence and poor prognosis. As conventional models fail to predict therapeutic efficacy in GBM, in vitro 3D models of GBM and BBB leveraging patient- or healthy-individual-derived cells and biomaterials through 3D bioprinting technologies potentially mimic essential physiological and pathological features of GBM and BBB. 3D-bioprinted constructs enable investigation of cellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a species-matched, high-throughput, and reproducible manner, serving as screening or drug delivery platforms. Here, an overview of current 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models is provided, elaborating on the microenvironmental compositions of GBM and BBB, relevant biomaterials to mimic the native tissues, and bioprinting strategies to implement the model fabrication. Collectively, 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models are promising systems and biomimetic alternatives to traditional models for more reliable mechanistic studies and preclinical drug screenings that may eventually accelerate the drug development process for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Santi S, Corridori I, Pugno NM, Motta A, Migliaresi C. Injectable Scaffold-Systems for the Regeneration of Spinal Cord: Advances of the Past Decade. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:983-999. [PMID: 33523634 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, whenever is possible and as an alternative to open spine surgery, minimally invasive procedures are preferred to treat spinal cord injuries (SCI), with percutaneous injections or small incisions, that are faster, less traumatic, and require less recovery time. Injectable repair systems are based on materials that can be injected in the lesion site, can eventually be loaded with drugs or even cells, and act as scaffolds for the lesion repair. The review analyzes papers written from 2010 onward on injectable materials/systems used/proposed for the regenerative and combinatorial therapies of SCI and discusses the in vivo models that have been used to validate them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Santi
- BIOTech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corridori
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy.,School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOTech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- BIOTech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bellotti E, Schilling AL, Little SR, Decuzzi P. Injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels as drug delivery system for the treatment of central nervous system disorders: A review. J Control Release 2021; 329:16-35. [PMID: 33259851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and retina, superintends to the acquisition, integration and processing of peripheral information to properly coordinate the activities of the whole body. Neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, trauma, stroke, and brain tumors can dramatically affect CNS functions resulting in serious and life-long disabilities. Globally, the societal and economic burden associated with CNS disorders continues to grow with the ageing of the population thus demanding for more effective and definitive treatments. Despite the variety of clinically available therapeutic molecules, medical interventions on CNS disorders are mostly limited to treat symptoms rather than halting or reversing disease progression. This is attributed to the complexity of the underlying disease mechanisms as well as to the unique biological microenvironment. Given its central importance, multiple barriers, including the blood brain barrier and the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier, protect the CNS from external agents. This limits the access of drug molecules to the CNS thus contributing to the modest therapeutic successes. Loco-regional therapies based on the deposition of thermoresponsive hydrogels loaded with therapeutic agents and cells are receiving much attention as an alternative and potentially more effective approach to manage CNS disorders. In this work, the current understanding and challenges in the design of thermoresponsive hydrogels for CNS therapy are reviewed. First, the biological barriers that hinder mass and drug transport to the CNS are described, highlighting the distinct features of each barrier. Then, the realization, characterization and biomedical application of natural and synthetic thermoresponsive hydrogels are critically presented. Advantages and limitations of each design and application are discussed with the objective of identifying general rules that could enhance the effective translation of thermoresponsive hydrogel-based therapies for the treatment of CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bellotti
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Andrea L Schilling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 427 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 427 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bonnet M, Alluin O, Trimaille T, Gigmes D, Marqueste T, Decherchi P. Delayed Injection of a Physically Cross-Linked PNIPAAm- g-PEG Hydrogel in Rat Contused Spinal Cord Improves Functional Recovery. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10247-10259. [PMID: 32426581 PMCID: PMC7226861 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a main health issue, leading to multiple functional deficits with major consequences such as motor and sensitive impairment below the lesion. To date, all repair strategies remain ineffective. In line with the experiments showing that implanted hydrogels, immunologically inert biomaterials, from natural or synthetic origins, are promising tools and in order to reduce functional deficits, to increase locomotor recovery, and to reduce spasticity, we injected into the lesion area, 1 week after a severe T10 spinal cord contusion, a thermoresponsive physically cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer hydrogel. The effect of postinjury intensive rehabilitation training was also studied. A group of male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving the hydrogel was enrolled in an 8 week program of physical activity (15 min/day, 5 days/week) in order to verify if the combination of a treadmill step-training and hydrogel could lead to better outcomes. The data obtained were compared to those obtained in animals with a spinal lesion alone receiving a saline injection with or without performing the same program of physical activity. Furthermore, in order to verify the biocompatibility of our designed biomaterial, an inflammatory reaction (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) was examined 15 days post-hydrogel injection. Functional recovery (postural and locomotor activities and sensorimotor coordination) was assessed from the day of injection, once a week, for 9 weeks. Finally, 9 weeks postinjection, the spinal reflexivity (rate-dependent depression of the H-reflex) was measured. The results indicate that the hydrogel did not induce an additional inflammation. Furthermore, we observed the same significant locomotor improvements in hydrogel-injected animals as in trained saline-injected animals. However, the combination of hydrogel with exercise did not show higher recovery compared to that evaluated by the two strategies independently. Finally, the H-reflex depression recovery was found to be induced by the hydrogel and, albeit to a lesser degree, exercise. However, no recovery was observed when the two strategies were combined. Our results highlight the effectiveness of our copolymer and its high therapeutic potential to preserve/repair the spinal cord after lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement:
Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe, Plasticité des Systèmes
Nerveux et Musculaire, (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CC910—163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Olivier Alluin
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement:
Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe, Plasticité des Systèmes
Nerveux et Musculaire, (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CC910—163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Thomas Trimaille
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire,
Equipe, Chimie Radicalaire Organique et Polymères de Spécialité,
(CROPS), Case 562—Avenue
Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire,
Equipe, Chimie Radicalaire Organique et Polymères de Spécialité,
(CROPS), Case 562—Avenue
Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement:
Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe, Plasticité des Systèmes
Nerveux et Musculaire, (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CC910—163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement:
Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe, Plasticité des Systèmes
Nerveux et Musculaire, (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CC910—163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Motor and sensitive recovery after injection of a physically cross-linked PNIPAAm-g-PEG hydrogel in rat hemisectioned spinal cord. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 107:110354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
16
|
Pertici V, Trimaille T, Gigmes D. Inputs of Macromolecular Engineering in the Design of Injectable Hydrogels Based on Synthetic Thermoresponsive Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pertici
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Trimaille
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Grijalvo S, Nieto‐Díaz M, Maza RM, Eritja R, Díaz DD. Alginate Hydrogels as Scaffolds and Delivery Systems to Repair the Damaged Spinal Cord. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900275. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
- Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Manuel Nieto‐Díaz
- Molecular Neuroprotection GroupResearch Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM) E‐45071 Toledo Spain
| | - Rodrigo M. Maza
- Molecular Neuroprotection GroupResearch Unit, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM) E‐45071 Toledo Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
- Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Jordi Girona 18–26 E‐08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
- Institute of Natural Products and Abrobiology of the CSIC Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 E‐3826 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ma Z, Lu Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Kang X. Research progress and prospects of tissue engineering scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair and protection. Regen Med 2019; 14:887-898. [PMID: 31436130 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the leading causes of global disability. However, there are currently no effective clinical treatments for SCI. Repair of SCI is essential but poses great challenges. As a comprehensive treatment program combining biological scaffolds, seed cells and drugs or biological factors, tissue engineering has gradually replaced the single transplantation approach to become a focus of research that brings new opportunities for the clinical treatment of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for The Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for The Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ham TR, Cox DG, Leipzig ND. Concurrent Delivery of Soluble and Immobilized Proteins to Recruit and Differentiate Neural Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3445-3452. [PMID: 31460746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient endogenous neural stem cell (NSC) migration to injury sites and incomplete replenishment of neurons complicates recovery following central nervous system (CNS) injury. Such insufficient migration can be addressed by delivering soluble chemotactic factors, such as stromal cell-derived factor 1-α (SDF-1α), to sites of injury. However, simply enhancing NSC migration is likely to result in insufficient regeneration, as the cells need to be given additional signals. Immobilized proteins, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) can encourage neurogenic differentiation of NSCs. Here, we combined both protein delivery paradigms: soluble SDF-1α delivery to enhance NSC migration alongside covalently tethered IFN-γ to differentiate the recruited NSCs into neurons. To slow the release of soluble SDF-1α, we copolymerized methacrylated heparin with methacrylamide chitosan (MAC), to which we tethered IFN-γ. We found that this hydrogel system could result in soft hydrogels with a ratio of up to 70:30 MAC/heparin by mass, which enabled the continuous release of SDF-1α over a period of 2 weeks. The hydrogels recruited NSCs in vitro over 2 weeks, proportional to their release rate: the 70:30 heparin gels recruited a consistent number of NSCs at each time point, while the formulations with less heparin recruited NSCs at only early time points. After remaining in contact with the hydrogels for 8 days, NSCs successfully differentiated into neurons. CNS regeneration is a complex challenge, and this system provides a foundation to address multiple aspects of that challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R Ham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Auburn Science and Engineering Center 275, West Tower , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Dakotah G Cox
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whitby 211 , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Nic D Leipzig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Auburn Science and Engineering Center 275, West Tower , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whitby 211 , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Regulation of autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells modulates therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2019; 1721:146321. [PMID: 31278935 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown beneficial effects in treating spinal cord injury. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process of degradation and recycling of cellular components that plays an important role in tissue homeostasis and cellular survival. Whether regulating autophagy in MSCs may affect their therapeutic potential in spinal cord injury repair has not yet been determined. In this study, autophagy was inhibited in MSCs with lentiviruses expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down Becn-1 expression, and autophagy was upregulated in MSCs under nutrient starvation. These MSCs were then labelled with Hoechst and applied to spinal cord-injured rats to evaluate their therapeutic effects. After transplanting MSCs into rats with spinal cord injuries, functional recovery, immunohistochemistry, and remyelination analyses were performed. After inducing autophagy, the MSCs exhibited an accumulation of LC3-positive autophagosomes in the cytoplasm. The expression levels of neurotrophic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and brain derived neurotrophic factor, were significantly higher in autophagic MSCs than normal MSCs. The in vivo study showed that more labelled MSCs migrated to the lesion site after induction of autophagy. Inducing autophagy in MSCs promoted functional recovery after spinal cord injury, whereas functional recovery was weak after inhibiting autophagy in MSCs. In contrast to the autophagy inhibition group, transplanting autophagic MSCs exhibited a greater positive impact on axon regeneration, growth of serotonergic fibers, blood vessel regeneration, and myelination, indicating a multifactorial contribution to spinal cord injury repair. These results suggest that autophagy plays important roles in MSCs during spinal cord injury repair. Regulation of autophagy in MSCs before in vivo transplantation may be a potential therapeutic interventional strategy for spinal cord injury.
Collapse
|
21
|
Xing H, Ren X, Yin H, Sun C, Jiang T. Construction of a NT-3 sustained-release system cross-linked with an acellular spinal cord scaffold and its effects on differentiation of cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109902. [PMID: 31500033 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to promote the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by constructing a neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) sustained-release system cross-linked with an acellular spinal cord scaffold. METHODS 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) chemistry combined with chemical extraction was used to construct an acellular spinal cord scaffold. The decellularization completion was validated. An EDC cross-linking method was used to construct the NT-3 cross-linked acellular spinal scaffold. ELISA was used to verify sustained release of NT-3; the dorsal root ganglion method was used to verify the biological activity of the sustained-release NT-3. DAPI staining was used to confirm the adhesion of the cultured rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (P3) to the NT-3 scaffold, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis was used to verify the cellular proliferation after 24 h and 48 h of culture. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the differentiation of the bone marrow cells into neuron-like cells. RESULTS An NT-3 sustained-release system cross-linked to an acellular spinal cord scaffold was successfully constructed. Sustained-release NT-3 could persist for 35 days and had biological activity for at least 21 days. It could promote the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSION As a composite scaffold, an NT-3 sustained-release system cross-linked with an acellular spinal cord scaffold has potential applications for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Xianjun Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Q, Shi B, Ding J, Yan L, Thawani JP, Fu C, Chen X. Polymer scaffolds facilitate spinal cord injury repair. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:57-77. [PMID: 30710714 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, improving patient neurological recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) has remained a challenge. An effective treatment for SCI would not only reduce fractured elements and isolate developing local glial scars to promote axonal regeneration but also ameliorate secondary effects, including inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds provide a platform in which these mechanisms can be addressed in a controlled manner. Polymer scaffolds with favorable biocompatibility and appropriate mechanical properties have been engineered to minimize cicatrization, customize drug release, and ensure an unobstructed space to promote cell growth and differentiation. These properties make polymer scaffolds an important potential therapeutic platform. This review highlights the recent developments in polymer scaffolds for SCI engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: How to improve the efficacy of neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is always a challenge. Tissue engineering provides a promising strategy for SCI repair, and scaffolds are one of the most important elements in addition to cells and inducing factors. The review highlights recent development and future prospects in polymer scaffolds for SCI therapy. The review will guide future studies by outlining the requirements and characteristics of polymer scaffold technologies employed against SCI. Additionally, the peculiar properties of polymer materials used in the therapeutic process of SCI also have guiding significance to other tissue engineering approaches.
Collapse
|
23
|
Morphological Characterization of Hydrogels. POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES: A REFERENCE SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77830-3_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
24
|
Hydrogel Scaffolds: Towards Restitution of Ischemic Stroke-Injured Brain. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:1-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
25
|
Tom B, Witko J, Lemay M, Singh A. Effects of bioengineered scaffold loaded with neurotrophins and locomotor training in restoring H-reflex responses after spinal cord injury. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:3077-3084. [PMID: 30132039 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The combinational effects of a bioengineered scaffold loaded with neurotrophins and rehabilitation training on spasticity observed after spinal cord injury (SCI) has not been studied. We used an animal model of moderate contusion injury at T9/T10 that received bioengineered scaffold poly N-isopropylacrylamide-g-poly ethylene glycol (PNIPAAm-g-PEG) loaded with BDNF/NT3 followed by body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and assessed the efficacy of the combinational bioengineered approaches in treating spasticity. Five animal groups were included: Group 1: Sham, Group 2: Injury (SCI), Group 3: SCI + BWSTT (BWSTT), Group 4: SCI + PNIPAAm-g-PEG loaded with BDNF/NT3 (Transplant), and Group 5: SCI + PNIPAAm-g-PEG loaded with BDNF/NT3 + BWSTT (Combinational). Results indicate no significant changes in the BBB scores of animals among various groups, however, a significant restoration in the rate depression property of H-reflex was observed in both BWSTT and Combinational animals. Transplant group reported no improvement in the rate depression property of H-reflex and were similar to SCI only group. Histological findings report restoration of the chloride cotransporter (KCC2) labeling in both BWSTT and Combinational animals and down-regulation of KCC2 in both SCI and Transplant only animals. Findings from this study confirm that rehabilitation training is critical in restoring H-reflex responses and transplantation therapies alone cannot restore these responses after SCI. Also, although no significant difference was observed between the BWSTT and Combinational animals, comparable improvements in the two groups does open new pathways to exploring unique tissue-engineering approaches with promising clinical application for individuals with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babitha Tom
- Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA, USA
| | - Jaclyn Witko
- Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Michel Lemay
- Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, 1947 North 12th St., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anita Singh
- Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu X, Perera TH, Aria AB, Callahan LAS. Polyethylene glycol in spinal cord injury repair: a critical review. J Exp Pharmacol 2018; 10:37-49. [PMID: 30100766 PMCID: PMC6067622 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s148944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a synthetic biocompatible polymer with many useful properties for developing therapeutics to treat spinal cord injury. Direct application of PEG as a fusogen to the injury site can repair cell membranes, mitigate oxidative stress, and promote axonal regeneration to restore motor function. PEG can be covalently or noncovalently conjugated to proteins, peptides, and nanoparticles to limit their clearance by the reticuloendothelial system, reduce their immunogenicity, and facilitate crossing the blood-brain barrier. Cross-linking PEG produces hydrogels that can act as delivery vehicles for bioactive molecules including growth factors and cells such as bone marrow stromal cells, which can modulate the inflammatory response and support neural tissue regeneration. PEG hydrogels can be cross-linked in vitro or delivered as an injectable formulation that can gel in situ at the site of injury. Chemical and mechanical properties of PEG hydrogels are tunable and must be optimized for creating the most favorable delivery environment. Peptides mimicking extracellular matrix protein such as laminin and n-cadherin can be incorporated into PEG hydrogels to promote neural differentiation and axonal extensions. Different hydrogel cross-linking densities and stiffness will also affect the differentiation process. PEG hydrogels with a gradient of peptide concentrations or Young's modulus have been developed to systematically study these factors. This review will describe these and other recent advancements of PEG in the field of spinal cord injury in greater detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,
| | - T Hiran Perera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,
| | - Alexander B Aria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,
| | - Laura A Smith Callahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Niemczyk B, Sajkiewicz P, Kolbuk D. Injectable hydrogels as novel materials for central nervous system regeneration. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:051002. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aacbab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
28
|
Wang X, Young DJ, Wu YL, Loh XJ. Thermogelling 3D Systems towards Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Therapies. Molecules 2018; 23:E553. [PMID: 29498651 PMCID: PMC6017244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell culturing and differentiation is a very important research direction for tissue engineering. Thermogels are well suited for encapsulating cells because of their non-biotoxic nature and mild sol-gel transition as temperature increases. In particular, thermogels provide a 3D growth environment for stem cell growth, which is more similar to the extracellular matrix than flat substrates, so thermogels as a medium can overcome many of the cell abnormalities caused by 2D cell growth. In this review, we summarize the applications of thermogels in cell and stem cell culture in recent years. We also elaborate on the methods to induce stem cell differentiation by using thermogel-based 3D scaffolds. In particular, thermogels, encapsulating specific differentiation-inducing factor and having specific structures and moduli, can induce the differentiation into the desired tissue cells. Three dimensional thermogel scaffolds that control the growth and differentiation of cells will undoubtedly have a bright future in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - David James Young
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore 4558, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Patel M, Lee HJ, Park S, Kim Y, Jeong B. Injectable thermogel for 3D culture of stem cells. Biomaterials 2018; 159:91-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
30
|
Brunelle AR, Horner CB, Low K, Ico G, Nam J. Electrospun thermosensitive hydrogel scaffold for enhanced chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 66:166-176. [PMID: 29128540 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have shown great potential for cartilage tissue engineering applications due to their capability to encapsulate cells within biomimetic, 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironments. However, the multi-step fabrication process that is necessary to produce cell/scaffold constructs with defined dimensions, limits their off-the-shelf translational usage. In this study, we have developed a hybrid scaffolding system which combines a thermosensitive hydrogel, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PEG-PNIPAAm), with a biodegradable polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), into a composite, electrospun microfibrous structure. A judicious optimization of material composition and electrospinning process produced a structurally self-supporting hybrid scaffold. The reverse thermosensitivity of PEG-PNIPAAm allowed its dissolution/hydration upon cell seeding within a network of PCL microfibers while maintaining the overall scaffold shape at room temperature. A subsequent temperature elevation to 37 °C induced the hydrogel's phase transition to a gel state, effectively encapsulating cells in a 3D hydrogel without the use of a mold. We demonstrated that the hybrid scaffold enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) based on chondrocytic gene and protein expression, which resulted in superior viscoelastic properties of the cell/scaffold constructs. The hybrid scaffold enables a facile, single-step cell seeding process to inoculate cells within a 3D hydrogel with the potential for cartilage tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogels have demonstrated the excellent ability to enhance chondrogenesis of stem cells due to their hydrated fibrous nanostructure providing a cellular environment similar to native cartilage. However, the necessity for multi-step processes, including mixing of hydrogel precursor with cells and subsequent gelation in a mold to form a defined shape, limits their off-the-shelf usage. In this study, we developed a hybrid scaffold by combining a thermosensitive hydrogel with a mechanically stable polymer, which provides a facile means to inoculate cells in a 3D hydrogel with a mold-less, single step cell seeding process. We further showed that the hybrid scaffold enhanced chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells, demonstrating its potential for cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ratheesh G, Venugopal JR, Chinappan A, Ezhilarasu H, Sadiq A, Ramakrishna S. 3D Fabrication of Polymeric Scaffolds for Regenerative Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1175-1194. [PMID: 33440508 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in bioprinting technology have been used to precisely dispense cell-laden biomaterials for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs. Organ printing and biofabrication provides great potential for the freeform fabrication of 3D living organs using cellular spheroids, biocomposite nanofibers, or bioinks as building blocks for regenerative therapy. Vascularization is often identified as a main technological barrier for building 3D organs in tissue engineering. 3D printing of living tissues starts with potential support of biomaterials to maintain structural integrity and degradation of certain time periods after printing of the scaffolds. Biofabrication is the production of complex living and nonliving biological products from raw materials such as cells, molecules, ECM, and biomaterials. Generally, two basic methods are used for the fabrication of scaffolds such as conventional/traditional fabrication processes and advance fabrication processes for engineering organs. A wide range of polymers and biomaterials are used for the fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. 3D additive manufacturing is advancing day-by-day; however, there are various critical challenging factors used for fabricating 3D scaffolds. This review is aimed at understanding the various scaffold fabrication techniques, types of polymers and biomaterials used for the fabrication processes, various fields of applications, and different challenges faced in their fabrication of scaffolds in regenerative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Ratheesh
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.,Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Amutha Chinappan
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Hariharan Ezhilarasu
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Asif Sadiq
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.,Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Russo T, Tunesi M, Giordano C, Gloria A, Ambrosio L. Hydrogels for central nervous system therapeutic strategies. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2016; 229:905-16. [PMID: 26614804 DOI: 10.1177/0954411915611700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system shows a limited regenerative capacity, and injuries or diseases, such as those in the spinal, brain and retina, are a great problem since current therapies seem to be unable to achieve good results in terms of significant functional recovery. Different promising therapies have been suggested, the aim being to restore at least some of the lost functions. The current review deals with the use of hydrogels in developing advanced devices for central nervous system therapeutic strategies. Several approaches, involving cell-based therapy, delivery of bioactive molecules and nanoparticle-based drug delivery, will be first reviewed. Finally, some examples of injectable hydrogels for the delivery of bioactive molecules in central nervous system will be reported, and the key features as well as the basic principles in designing multifunctional devices will be described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Russo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Tunesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano and Unità di Ricerca Consorzio INSTM, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano and Unità di Ricerca Consorzio INSTM, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Gloria
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
A drug delivery hydrogel system based on activin B for Parkinson's disease. Biomaterials 2016; 102:72-86. [PMID: 27322960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Activins are members of the superfamily of transforming growth factors and have many potential neuroprotective effects. Herein, at the first place, we verified activin B's neuroprotective role in a PD model, and revealed that activin B's fast release has limited function in the PD therapy. To this end, we developed a multi-functional crosslinker based thermosensitive injectable hydrogels to deliver activin B, and stereotactically injected the activin B-loaded hydrogel into the striatum of a mouse model of PD. The histological evaluation showed that activin B can be detected even 5 weeks post-surgery in PD mice implanted with activin B-loaded hydrogels, and activin B-loaded hydrogels can significantly increase the density of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH(+)) nerve fibers and reduce inflammatory responses. The behavioral evaluation demonstrated that activin B-loaded hydrogels significantly improved the performance of the mice in the PD model. Meanwhile, we found that hydrogels can slightly induce the activation of microglia cells and astrocytes, while cannot induce apoptosis in the striatum. Overall, our data demonstrated that the developed activin B-loaded hydrogels provide sustained release of activin B for over 5 weeks and contribute to substantial cellular protection and behavioral improvement, suggesting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for PD.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sang L, Liu Y, Hua W, Xu K, Wang G, Zhong W, Wang L, Xu S, Xing MMQ, Qiu X. Thermally sensitive conductive hydrogel using amphiphilic crosslinker self-assembled carbon nanotube to enhance neurite outgrowth and promote spinal cord regeneration. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20780k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied a SWNT–PNIPAAM hydrogel for its potential role in the growth of SH-SY5Y cells and found it can enhance neurite outgrowth when adding electrical stimulation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manitoba Institute of Child Health
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manitoba Institute of Child Health
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Wenxi Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Kaige Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manitoba Institute of Child Health
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Guobao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Biosystem Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Department of Medical Microbiology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Manitoba
| | - Leyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Shuchai Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Malcolm M. Q. Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manitoba Institute of Child Health
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Venault A, Huang CW, Zheng J, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Chang Y, Chang Y. Hemocompatible biomaterials of zwitterionic sulfobetaine hydrogels regulated with pH-responsive DMAEMA random sequences. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1055632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
36
|
Yang HY, van Ee RJ, Timmer K, Craenmehr EG, Huang JH, Öner FC, Dhert WJ, Kragten AH, Willems N, Grinwis GC, Tryfonidou MA, Papen-Botterhuis NE, Creemers LB. A novel injectable thermoresponsive and cytocompatible gel of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with layered double hydroxides facilitates siRNA delivery into chondrocytes in 3D culture. Acta Biomater 2015; 23:214-228. [PMID: 26022968 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid hydrogels composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAM) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are presented in this study as novel injectable and thermoresponsive materials for siRNA delivery, which could specifically target several negative regulators of tissue homeostasis in cartilaginous tissues. Effectiveness of siRNA transfection using pNIPAAM formulated with either MgAl-LDH or MgFe-LDH platelets was investigated using osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as an endogenous model gene to evaluate the extent of silencing. No significant adverse effects of pNIPAAM/LDH hydrogels on cell viability were noticed. Cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled siRNA was greatly enhanced (>75%) in pNIPAAM/LDH hydrogel constructs compared to alginate, hyaluronan and fibrin gels, and was absent in pNIPAAM hydrogel without LDH platelets. When using siRNA against GAPDH, 82-98% reduction of gene expression was found in both types of pNIPAAM/LDH hydrogel constructs after 6 days of culturing. In the pNIPAAM/MgAl-LDH hybrid hydrogel, 80-95% of GAPDH enzyme activity was reduced in parallel with gene. Our findings show that the combination of a cytocompatible hydrogel and therapeutic RNA oligonucleotides is feasible. Thus it might hold promise in treating degeneration of cartilaginous tissues by providing supporting scaffolds for cells and interference with locally produced degenerative factors.
Collapse
|
37
|
Surface characterization and drug release from porous microparticles based on methacrylic monomers and xanthan. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 125:323-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
Thermogelling bioadhesive scaffolds for intervertebral disk tissue engineering: preliminary in vitro comparison of aldehyde-based versus alginate microparticle-mediated adhesion. Acta Biomater 2015; 16:71-80. [PMID: 25641647 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of certain load-bearing parts of the body can be dependent on scaffold adhesion or integration with the surrounding tissue to prevent dislocation. One such area is the regeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). In this work, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was grafted with chondroitin sulfate (CS) (PNIPAAm-g-CS) and blended with aldehyde-modified CS to generate an injectable polymer that can form covalent bonds with tissue upon contact. However, the presence of the reactive aldehyde groups can compromise the viability of encapsulated cells. Thus, liposomes were encapsulated in the blend, designed to deliver the ECM derivative, gelatin, after the polymer has adhered to tissue and reached physiological temperature. This work is based on the hypothesis that the discharge of gelatin will enhance the biocompatibility of the material by covalently reacting with, or "end-capping", the aldehyde functionalities within the gel that did not participate in bonding with tissue upon contact. As a comparison, formulations were also created without CS aldehyde and with an alternative adhesion mediator, mucoadhesive calcium alginate particles. Gels formed from blends of PNIPAAm-g-CS and CS aldehyde exhibited increased adhesive strength compared to PNIPAAm-g-CS alone (p<0.05). However, the addition of gelatin-loaded liposomes to the blend significantly decreased the adhesive strength (p<0.05). The encapsulation of alginate microparticles within PNIPAAm-g-CS gels caused the tensile strength to increase twofold over that of PNIPAAm-g-CS blends with CS aldehyde (p<0.05). Cytocompatibility studies indicate that formulations containing alginate particles exhibit reduced cytotoxicity over those containing CS aldehyde. Overall, the results indicated that the adhesives composed of alginate microparticles encapsulated in PNIPAAm-g-CS have the potential to serve as a scaffold for IVD regeneration.
Collapse
|
39
|
Cai L, Dewi RE, Heilshorn SC. Injectable Hydrogels with In Situ Double Network Formation Enhance Retention of Transplanted Stem Cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2015; 25:1344-1351. [PMID: 26273242 PMCID: PMC4529129 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201403631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruby E. Dewi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Alexander A, Ajazuddin, Khan J, Saraf S, Saraf S. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)–Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) based thermosensitive injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:575-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
41
|
Yang J, van Lith R, Baler K, Hoshi RA, Ameer GA. A thermoresponsive biodegradable polymer with intrinsic antioxidant properties. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3942-52. [PMID: 25295411 DOI: 10.1021/bm5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in tissue can contribute to chronic inflammation that impairs wound healing and the efficacy of cell-based therapies and medical devices. We describe the synthesis and characterization of a biodegradable, thermoresponsive gel with intrinsic antioxidant properties suitable for the delivery of therapeutics. Citric acid, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) were copolymerized by sequential polycondensation and radical polymerization to produce poly(polyethylene glycol citrate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PPCN). PPCN was chemically characterized, and the thermoresponsive behavior, antioxidant properties, morphology, potential for protein and cell delivery, and tissue compatibility in vivo were evaluated. The PPCN gel has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 26 °C and exhibits intrinsic antioxidant properties based on its ability to scavenge free radicals, chelate metal ions, and inhibit lipid peroxidation. PPCN displays a hierarchical architecture of micropores and nanofibers, and contrary to typical thermoresponsive polymers, such as PNIPAAm, PPCN gel maintains its volume upon formation. PPCN efficiently entrapped and slowly released the chemokine SDF-1α and supported the viability and proliferation of vascular cells. Subcutaneous injections in rats showed that PPCN gels are resorbed over time and new connective tissue formation takes place without signs of significant inflammation. Ultimately, this intrinsically antioxidant, biodegradable, thermoresponsive gel could potentially be used as an injectable biomaterial for applications where oxidative stress in tissue is a concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wu Z, Zhao Z, Yu Y, Hu X, Xu W, Zeng Z, Sun YE, Cheng L. New strategies for the repair of spinal cord injury. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
43
|
Francis NL, Hunger PM, Donius AE, Wegst UGK, Wheatley MA. Strategies for neurotrophin-3 and chondroitinase ABC release from freeze-cast chitosan-alginate nerve-guidance scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:285-294. [PMID: 24889394 DOI: 10.1002/term.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Freeze casting, or controlled unidirectional solidification, can be used to fabricate chitosan-alginate (C-A) scaffolds with highly aligned porosity that are suitable for use as nerve-guidance channels. To augment the guidance of growth across a spinal cord injury lesion, these scaffolds are now evaluated in vitro to assess their ability to release neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and chondroitinase ABC (chABC) in a controlled manner. Protein-loaded microcapsules were incorporated into C-A scaffolds prior to freeze casting without affecting the original scaffold architecture. In vitro protein release was not significantly different when comparing protein loaded directly into the scaffolds with release from scaffolds containing incorporated microcapsules. NT-3 was released from the C-A scaffolds for 8 weeks in vitro, while chABC was released for up to 7 weeks. Low total percentages of protein released from the scaffolds over this time period were attributed to limitation of diffusion by the interpenetrating polymer network matrix of the scaffold walls. NT-3 and chABC released from the scaffolds retained bioactivity, as determined by a neurite outgrowth assay, and the promotion of neurite growth across an inhibitory barrier of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans. This demonstrates the potential of these multifunctional scaffolds for enhancing axonal regeneration through growth-inhibiting glial scars via the sustained release of chABC and NT-3. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Francis
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Philipp M Hunger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Amalie E Donius
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ulrike G K Wegst
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Margaret A Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dedeepiya VD, William JB, Parthiban JKBC, Chidambaram R, Balamurugan M, Kuroda S, Iwasaki M, Preethy S, Abraham SJK. The known-unknowns in spinal cord injury, with emphasis on cell-based therapies - a review with suggestive arenas for research. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:617-34. [PMID: 24660978 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.889676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In spite of extensive research, the progress toward a cure in spinal cord injury (SCI) is still elusive, which holds good for the cell- and stem cell-based therapies. We have critically analyzed seven known gray areas in SCI, indicating the specific arenas for research to improvise the outcome of cell-based therapies in SCI. AREAS COVERED The seven, specific known gray areas in SCI analyzed are: i) the gap between animal models and human victims; ii) uncertainty about the time, route and dosage of cells applied; iii) source of the most efficacious cells for therapy; iv) inability to address the vascular compromise during SCI; v) lack of non-invasive methodologies to track the transplanted cells; vi) need for scaffolds to retain the cells at the site of injury; and vii) physical and chemical stimuli that might be required for synapses formation yielding functional neurons. EXPERT OPINION Further research on scaffolds for retaining the transplanted cells at the lesion, chemical and physical stimuli that may help neurons become functional, a meta-analysis of timing of the cell therapy, mode of application and larger clinical studies are essential to improve the outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidyasagar Devaprasad Dedeepiya
- Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), The Mary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH) , PB 1262, Chennai - 600034, Tamil Nadu , India +91 44 24732186 ; ,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ganesh VA, Baji A, Ramakrishna S. Smart functional polymers – a new route towards creating a sustainable environment. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart functional polymers have gained a huge amount of interest in recent times due to their innumerable applications in areas including sensors, actuators, switchable wettability, bio-medical and environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Anand Ganesh
- Division of Engineering Product Development
- Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD)
- Singapore – 138682, Singapore
| | - Avinash Baji
- Division of Engineering Product Development
- Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD)
- Singapore – 138682, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore – 117576, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ji W, Hu S, Zhou J, Wang G, Wang K, Zhang Y. Tissue engineering is a promising method for the repair of spinal cord injuries (Review). Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:523-528. [PMID: 24520240 PMCID: PMC3919911 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) may lead to a devastating and permanent loss of neurological function, which may place a great economic burden on the family of the patient and society. Methods for reducing the death of neuronal cells, inhibiting immune and inflammatory reactions, and promoting the growth of axons in order to build up synapses with the target cells are the focus of current research. Target cells are located in the damaged spinal cord which create a connect with the scaffold. As tissue engineering technology is developed for use in a variety of different areas, particularly the biomedical field, a clear understanding of the mechanisms of tissue engineering is important. This review establishes how this technology may be used in basic experiments with regard to SCI and considers its potential future clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Ji
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China ; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Shouye Hu
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sakiyama-Elbert S, Johnson PJ, Hodgetts SI, Plant GW, Harvey AR. Scaffolds to promote spinal cord regeneration. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2013; 109:575-94. [PMID: 23098738 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52137-8.00036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Substantial research effort in the spinal cord injury (SCI) field is directed towards reduction of secondary injury changes and enhancement of tissue sparing. However, pathway repair after complete transections, large lesions, or after chronic injury may require the implantation of some form of oriented bridging structure to restore tissue continuity across a trauma zone. These matrices or scaffolds should be biocompatible and create an environment that facilitates tissue growth and vascularization, and allow axons to regenerate through and beyond the implant in order to reconnect with "normal" tissue distal to the injury. The myelination of regrown axons is another important requirement. In this chapter, we describe recent advances in biomaterial technology designed to provide a terrain for regenerating axons to grow across the site of injury and/or create an environment for endogenous repair. Many different types of scaffold are under investigation; they can be biodegradable or nondegradable, natural or synthetic. Scaffolds can be designed to incorporate immobilized signaling molecules and/or used as devices for controlled release of therapeutic agents, including growth factors. These bridging structures can also be infiltrated with specific cell types deemed suitable for spinal cord repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sakiyama-Elbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Temperature-responsive cationic block copolymers as nanocarriers for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 448:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
49
|
Grous LC, Vernengo J, Jin Y, Himes BT, Shumsky JS, Fischer I, Lowman A. Implications of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) with codissolved brain-derived neurotrophic factor injectable scaffold on motor function recovery rate following cervical dorsolateral funiculotomy in the rat. J Neurosurg Spine 2013; 18:641-52. [PMID: 23581453 DOI: 10.3171/2013.3.spine12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT In a follow-up study to their prior work, the authors evaluated a novel delivery system for a previously established treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI), based on a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), lightly cross-linked with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) injectable scaffold. The primary aim of this work was to assess the recovery of both spontaneous and skilled forelimb function following a cervical dorsolateral funiculotomy in the rat. This injury ablates the rubrospinal tract (RST) but spares the dorsal and ventral corticospinal tract and can severely impair reaching and grasping abilities. METHODS Animals received an implant of either PNIPAAm-g-PEG or PNIPAAm-g-PEG + brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The single-pellet reach-to-grasp task and the staircase-reaching task were used to assess skilled motor function associated with reaching and grasping abilities, and the cylinder task was used to assess spontaneous motor function, both before and after injury. RESULTS Because BDNF can stimulate regenerating RST axons, the authors showed that animals receiving an implant of PNIPAAm-g-PEG with codissolved BDNF had an increased recovery rate of fine motor function when compared with a control group (PNIPAAm-g-PEG only) on both a staircase-reaching task at 4 and 8 weeks post-SCI and on a single-pellet reach-to-grasp task at 5 weeks post-SCI. In addition, spontaneous motor function, as measured in the cylinder test, recovered to preinjury values in animals receiving PNIPAAm-g-PEG + BDNF. Fluorescence immunochemistry indicated the presence of both regenerating axons and BDA-labeled fibers growing up to or within the host-graft interface in animals receiving PNIPAAm-g-PEG + BDNF. CONCLUSIONS Based on their results, the authors suggest that BDNF delivered by the scaffold promoted the growth of RST axons into the lesion, which may have contributed in part to the increased recovery rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Conova Grous
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wiltsey C, Kubinski P, Christiani T, Toomer K, Sheehan J, Branda A, Kadlowec J, Iftode C, Vernengo J. Characterization of injectable hydrogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-chondroitin sulfate with adhesive properties for nucleus pulposus tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:837-847. [PMID: 23371764 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to develop an injectable nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue engineering scaffold with the ability to form an adhesive interface with surrounding disc tissue. A family of in situ forming hydrogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin sulfate (PNIPAAm-g-CS) were evaluated for their mechanical properties, bioadhesive strength, and cytocompatibility. It was shown experimentally and computationally with the Neo-hookean hyperelastic model that increasing the crosslink density and decreasing the CS concentration increased mechanical properties at 37 °C, generating several hydrogel formulations with unconfined compressive modulus values similar to what has been reported for the native NP. The adhesive tensile strength of PNIPAAm increased significantly with CS incorporation (p < 0.05), ranging from 0.4 to 1 kPa. Live/Dead and XTT assay results indicate that the copolymer is not cytotoxic to human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Taken together, these data indicate the potential of PNIPAAm-g-CS to function as a scaffold for NP regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Wiltsey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|