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Wang T, Dogru S, Dai Z, Kim SY, Vickers NA, Albro MB. Physiologic Doses of Transforming Growth Factor-β Improve the Composition of Engineered Articular Cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38874527 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, for cartilage tissue engineering applications, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is administered at doses that are several orders of magnitude higher than those present during native cartilage development. While these doses accelerate extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis, they may also contribute to features detrimental to hyaline cartilage function, including tissue swelling, type I collagen (COL-I) deposition, cellular hypertrophy, and cellular hyperplasia. In contrast, during native cartilage development, chondrocytes are exposed to moderate TGF-β levels, which serve to promote strong biosynthetic enhancements while mitigating risks of pathology associated with TGF-β excesses. Here, we examine the hypothesis that physiologic doses of TGF-β can yield neocartilage with a more hyaline cartilage-like composition and structure relative to conventionally administered supraphysiologic doses. This hypothesis was examined on a model system of reduced-size constructs (∅2 × 2 mm or ∅3 × 2 mm) comprised of bovine chondrocytes encapsulated in agarose, which exhibit mitigated TGF-β spatial gradients allowing for an evaluation of the intrinsic effect of TGF-β doses on tissue development. Reduced-size (∅2 × 2 mm or ∅3 × 2 mm) and conventional-size constructs (∅4-∅6 mm × 2 mm) were subjected to a range of physiologic (0.1, 0.3, 1 ng/mL) and supraphysiologic (3, 10 ng/mL) TGF-β doses. At day 56, the physiologic 0.3 ng/mL dose yielded reduced-size constructs with native cartilage-matched Young's modulus (EY) (630 ± 58 kPa) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content (5.9 ± 0.6%) while significantly increasing the sGAG-to-collagen ratio, leading to significantly reduced tissue swelling relative to constructs exposed to the supraphysiologic 10 ng/mL TGF-β dose. Furthermore, reduced-size constructs exposed to the 0.3 ng/mL dose exhibited a significant reduction in fibrocartilage-associated COL-I and a 77% reduction in the fraction of chondrocytes present in a clustered morphology, relative to the supraphysiologic 10 ng/mL dose (p < 0.001). EY was significantly lower for conventional-size constructs exposed to physiologic doses due to TGF-β transport limitations in these larger tissues (p < 0.001). Overall, physiologic TGF-β appears to achieve an important balance of promoting requisite ECM biosynthesis, while mitigating features detrimental to hyaline cartilage function. While reduced-size constructs are not suitable for the repair of clinical-size cartilage lesions, insights from this work can inform TGF-β dosing requirements for emerging scaffold release or nutrient channel delivery platforms capable of achieving uniform delivery of physiologic TGF-β doses to larger constructs required for clinical cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbai Wang
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Sedat Dogru
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Zhonghao Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
| | | | - Michael B Albro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
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2
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Lindberg ED, Wu T, Cotner KL, Glazer A, Jamali AA, Sohn LL, Alliston T, O'Connell GD. Priming chondrocytes during expansion alters cell behavior and improves matrix production in 3D culture. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:548-560. [PMID: 38160742 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage tissue engineering strategies that use autologous chondrocytes require in vitro expansion of cells to obtain enough cells to produce functional engineered tissue. However, chondrocytes dedifferentiate during expansion culture, limiting their ability to produce chondrogenic tissue and their utility for cell-based cartilage repair strategies. The current study identified conditions that favor cartilage production and the mechanobiological mechanisms responsible for these benefits. DESIGN Chondrocytes were isolated from juvenile bovine knee joints and cultured with (primed) or without (unprimed) a growth factor cocktail. Gene expression, cell morphology, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal protein distribution, and cell mechanics were assessed. Following passage 5, cells were embedded into agarose hydrogels to evaluate functional properties of engineered cartilage. RESULTS Priming cells during expansion culture altered cell phenotype and chondrogenic tissue production. Unbiased ribonucleic acid-sequencing analysis suggested, and experimental studies confirmed, that growth factor priming delays dedifferentiation associated changes in cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. Priming also overrode mechanobiological pathways to prevent chondrocytes from remodeling their cytoskeleton to accommodate the stiff, monolayer microenvironment. Passage 1 primed cells deformed less and had lower yes associated protein 1 activity than unprimed cells. Differences in cell adhesion, morphology, and cell mechanics between primed and unprimed cells were mitigated by passage 5. CONCLUSIONS Priming suppresses mechanobiologic cytoskeletal remodeling to prevent chondrocyte dedifferentiation, resulting in more cartilage-like tissue-engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Lindberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kristen L Cotner
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Glazer
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Lydia L Sohn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Grace D O'Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Chen L, Li C, He A, Tong H, Lu X, Yang R, Chen X, Wu X, Wang X, Wang S, Ma J, Fu Y, Zhang T. Changes of Age-related Auricular Cartilage Plasticity and Biomechanical Property in a Rabbit Model. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:88-94. [PMID: 35385162 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ear molding is an emerging technique that can correct auricular deformities. Treatment initiation time is the most important prognostic determinant of ear molding. Here, we aimed to examine why auricular cartilage plasticity appeared to diminish with age. Thus, we characterized age-related changes in the biomechanical, biochemical, and morphological properties of auricular cartilage. METHODS New Zealand rabbits were used as the experimental animal. We examined immature [postnatal 0 day (P0), 5 days (P5), 15 days (P15)], young [2 months (2M)], and mature [6 months (6M)] rabbits. Rabbits' ears were splinted and folded using adhesive fixation strips. Folding duration ranged from 1 day to 5 days to 10 days. Photographs were taken to calculate the retained fold angle. Cartilage morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) content were examined histologically (using hematoxylin-eosin, Safranin O, elastic Van Gieson, and Masson's trichrome). Water content, DNA content, and cell density were also analyzed. Biomechanical properties were measured using a Nano indenter. RESULTS Immature ears had smaller angles after strip removal, and the angled deformation lasted a longer time. Cartilage matrix compositions, including glycosaminoglycan (GAG), elastin fiber, and collagen, increased over development. The water content, DNA content, and cell density decreased with age. Young's modulus was significantly higher in mature cartilage. CONCLUSIONS Here, we successfully established an animal model of ear molding and demonstrated that immature cartilage was associated with better plasticity. We also found that the cartilage's biomechanical property increased with the accumulation of ECM. The biomechanical change could underlie age-related shape plasticity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 133:88-94, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlong Li
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijuan He
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Tong
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Yang
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wu
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyao Fu
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- ENT institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Wu J, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Bioengineering human cartilage-bone tissues for modeling of osteoarthritis. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:399-405. [PMID: 35088600 PMCID: PMC9398485 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide, yet we continue to lack an understanding of disease etiology and pathology, and effective treatment options. Essential to tissue homeostasis, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic responses are the stratified organization of cartilage and the crosstalk at the osteochondral junction. Animal models may capture some of these features, but to establish clinically consistent therapeutics, there remains a need for high-fidelity models of OA that meet all the above requirements in a human, patient-specific manner. In vitro bioengineered cartilage-bone tissue models could be developed to recapitulate physiological interactions with human cells and disease initiating factors. Here we highlight human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as the advantageous cell source for these models and review approaches for chondrogenic fate specification from hiPSCs. To achieve native-like stratified cartilage organization with cartilage-bone interactions, spatiotemporal cues mimicking development can be delivered to engineered tissues by patterning of the cells, scaffold, and the environment. Once healthy and native-like cartilage-bone tissues are established, an OA-like state can be induced via cytokine challenge or injurious loading. Bioengineered cartilage-bone tissues fall short of recapitulating the full complexity of native tissues, but have demonstrated utility in elucidating some mechanisms of OA progression and enabled screening of candidate therapeutics in patient-specific models. With rapid progress in stem cells, tissue engineering, imaging, and high throughput -omics research in recent years, we propose that advanced human tissue models will soon offer valuable contributions to our understanding and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Wu
- Columbia University, 5798, Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York, United States;
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Columbia University, 5798, Biomedical Engineering, 622 west 168th St, VC12-234, New York, New York, United States, 10032;
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5
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Fryhofer GW, Zlotnick HM, Stoeckl BD, Farrell MJ, Steinberg DR, Mauck RL. Fabrication and maturation of integrated biphasic anatomic mesenchymal stromal cell-laden composite scaffolds for osteochondral repair and joint resurfacing. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2323-2332. [PMID: 33368606 PMCID: PMC8222412 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury can lead to joint-wide erosion and the early onset of osteoarthritis. To address this, we recently developed a rapid fabrication method to produce patient-specific engineered cartilage tissues to replace an entire articular surface. Here, we extended that work by coupling a mesenchymal stromal cell-laden hydrogel (methacrylated hyaluronic acid) with the porous polycaprolactone (PCL) bone integrating phase and assessed the composition and mechanical performance of these constructs over time. To improve initial construct stability, PCL/hydrogel interface parameters were first optimized by varying PCL pretreatment (with sodium hydroxide before ethanol) before hydrogel infusion. Next, cylindrical osteochondral constructs were formed and cultured in media containing transforming growth factor β3 for up to 8 weeks, with constructs evaluated for viability, histological features, and biochemical content. Mechanical properties were also assessed in axial compression and via an interface shear strength assay. Results showed that the fabrication process was compatible with cell viability, and that construct biochemical content and mechanical properties increased with time. Interestingly, compressive properties peaked at 5 weeks, while interfacial shear properties continued to improve beyond this time point. Finally, these fabrication methods were combined with a custom mold developed from limb-specific computed tomography imaging data to create an anatomic implantable cell-seeded biologic joint surface, which showedmaturation similar to the osteochondral cylinders. Future work will apply these advances in large animal models of critically sized osteochondral defects to study repair and whole joint resurfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W. Fryhofer
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah M. Zlotnick
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brendan D. Stoeckl
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan J. Farrell
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R. Steinberg
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Middendorf JM, Diamantides N, Kim B, Dugopolski C, Kennedy S, Blahut E, Cohen I, Bonassar LJ. The influence of chondrocyte source on the manufacturing reproducibility of human tissue engineered cartilage. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:276-285. [PMID: 34245892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple human tissue engineered cartilage constructs are showing promise in advanced clinical trials but identifying important measures of manufacturing reproducibility remains a challenge. FDA guidance suggests measuring multiple mechanical properties prior to implantation, because these properties could affect the long term success of the implant. Additionally, these engineered cartilage mechanics could be sensitive to the autologous chondrocyte source, an inherently irregular manufacturing starting material. If any mechanical properties are sensitive to changes in the autologous chondrocyte source, these properties may need to be measured prior to implantation to ensure manufacturing reproducibility and quality. Therefore, this study identified variability in the compressive, friction, and shear properties of a human tissue engineered cartilage constructs due to the chondrocyte source. Over 200 constructs were created from 7 different chondrocyte sources and tested using 3 distinct mechanical experiments. Under confined compression, the compressive properties (aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability) varied by orders of magnitude due to the chondrocyte source. The friction coefficient changed by a factor of 5 due to the chondrocyte source and high intrapatient variability was noted. In contrast, the shear modulus was not affected by changes in the chondrocyte source. Finally, measurements on the local compressive and shear mechanics revealed variability in the depth dependent strain fields based on chondrocyte source. Since the chondrocyte source causes large amounts of variability in the compression and local mechanical properties of engineered cartilage, these mechanical properties may be important measures of manufacturing reproducibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although the FDA recommends measuring mechanical properties of human tissue engineered cartilage constructs during manufacturing, the effect of manufacturing variability on construct mechanics is unknown. As one of the first studies to measure multiple mechanical properties on hundreds of human tissue engineered cartilage constructs, we found the compressive properties are most sensitive to changes in the autologous chondrocyte source, an inherently irregular manufacturing variable. This sensitivity to the autologous chondrocyte source reveals the compressive properties should be measured prior to implantation to assess manufacturing reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Middendorf
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Diamantides
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Byumsu Kim
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Eric Blahut
- Histogenics Corporation, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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7
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Li Z, Bi Y, Wu Q, Chen C, Zhou L, Qi J, Xie D, Song H, Han Y, Qu P, Zhang K, Wu Y, Yin Q. A composite scaffold of Wharton's jelly and chondroitin sulphate loaded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells repairs articular cartilage defects in rat knee. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:36. [PMID: 33779853 PMCID: PMC8007499 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the performance of a composite scaffold of Wharton's jelly (WJ) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the effect of the composite scaffold loaded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in repairing articular cartilage defects, two experiments were carried out. The in vitro experiments involved identification of the hUCMSCs, construction of the biomimetic composite scaffolds by the physical and chemical crosslinking of WJ and CS, and testing of the biomechanical properties of both the composite scaffold and the WJ scaffold. In the in vivo experiments, composite scaffolds loaded with hUCMSCs and WJ scaffolds loaded with hUCMSCs were applied to repair articular cartilage defects in the rat knee. Moreover, their repair effects were evaluated by the unaided eye, histological observations, and the immunogenicity of scaffolds and hUCMSCs. We found that in vitro, the Young's modulus of the composite scaffold (WJ-CS) was higher than that of the WJ scaffold. In vivo, the composite scaffold loaded with hUCMSCs repaired rat cartilage defects better than did the WJ scaffold loaded with hUCMSCs. Both the scaffold and hUCMSCs showed low immunogenicity. These results demonstrate that the in vitro construction of a human-derived WJ-CS composite scaffold enhances the biomechanical properties of WJ and that the repair of knee cartilage defects in rats is better with the composite scaffold than with the single WJ scaffold if the scaffold is loaded with hUCMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yikang Bi
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jianhong Qi
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China.
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 706 Taishan Great Street, Taian, 271000, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Di Xie
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Song
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yunning Han
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Pengwei Qu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kaihong Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yadi Wu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qipu Yin
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, PR China
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8
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Zhang L, Fu L, Zhang X, Chen L, Cai Q, Yang X. Hierarchical and heterogeneous hydrogel system as a promising strategy for diversified interfacial tissue regeneration. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1547-1573. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01595d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art review on the design and preparation of hierarchical and heterogeneous hydrogel systems for interfacial tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
| | - Linxin Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
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9
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De Pieri A, Byerley AM, Musumeci CR, Salemizadehparizi F, Vanderhorst MA, Wuertz‐Kozak K. Electrospinning and 3D bioprinting for intervertebral disc tissue engineering. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1117. [PMID: 33392454 PMCID: PMC7770193 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain and represents a massive socioeconomic burden. Current conservative and surgical treatments fail to restore native tissue architecture and functionality. Tissue engineering strategies, especially those based on 3D bioprinting and electrospinning, have emerged as possible alternatives by producing cell-seeded scaffolds that replicate the structure of the IVD extracellular matrix. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements and limitations of 3D bioprinting and electrospinning for the treatment of IVD degeneration, focusing on future areas of research that may contribute to their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Pieri
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Ann M. Byerley
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Catherine R. Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Maya A. Vanderhorst
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of Technology (RIT)RochesterNew YorkUSA
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine CenterAcademic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (AU)MunichGermany
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10
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Zlotnick HM, Stoeckl BD, Henning EA, Steinberg DR, Mauck RL. Optimized Media Volumes Enable Homogeneous Growth of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Engineered Cartilage Constructs. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:214-222. [PMID: 32552444 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite marked advances in the field of cartilage tissue engineering, it remains a challenge to engineer cartilage constructs with homogeneous properties. Moreover, for engineered cartilage to make it to the clinic, this homogeneous growth must occur in a time-efficient manner. In this study we investigated the potential of increased media volume to expedite the homogeneous maturation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) laden engineered constructs over time in vitro. We assessed the MSC-laden constructs after 4 and 8 weeks of chondrogenic culture using bulk mechanical, histological, and biochemical measures. These assays were performed on both the intact total constructs and the construct cores to elucidate region-dependent differences. In addition, local strain transfer was assessed to quantify depth-dependent mechanical properties throughout the constructs. Our findings suggest that increased media volume enhances matrix deposition early in culture and ameliorates unwanted regional heterogeneities at later time points. Taken together, these data support the use of higher media volumes during in vitro culture to hasten tissue maturation and increase the core strength of tissue constructs. These findings will forward the field of cartilage tissue engineering and the translation of tissue engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Zlotnick
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan D Stoeckl
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Henning
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David R Steinberg
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Fu L, Yang Z, Gao C, Li H, Yuan Z, Wang F, Sui X, Liu S, Guo Q. Advances and prospects in biomimetic multilayered scaffolds for articular cartilage regeneration. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:527-542. [PMID: 33365139 PMCID: PMC7748444 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the sophisticated hierarchical structure and limited reparability of articular cartilage (AC), the ideal regeneration of AC defects has been a major challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. As defects progress, they often extend from the cartilage layer to the subchondral bone and ultimately lead to osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering techniques bring new hope for AC regeneration. To meet the regenerative requirements of the heterogeneous and layered structure of native AC tissue, a substantial number of multilayered biomimetic scaffolds have been studied. Ideal multilayered scaffolds should generate zone-specific functional tissue similar to native AC tissue. This review focuses on the current status of multilayered scaffolds developed for AC defect repair, including design strategies based on the degree of defect severity and the zone-specific characteristics of AC tissue, the selection and composition of biomaterials, and techniques for design and manufacturing. The challenges and future perspectives of biomimetic multilayered scaffold strategies for AC regeneration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Fu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cangjian Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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12
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Middendorf JM, Dugopolski C, Kennedy S, Blahut E, Cohen I, Bonassar LJ. Heterogeneous matrix deposition in human tissue engineered cartilage changes the local shear modulus and resistance to local construct buckling. J Biomech 2020; 105:109760. [PMID: 32276782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human tissue engineered cartilage is a promising solution for focal cartilage defects, but these constructs do not have the same local mechanical properties as native tissue. Most clinically relevant engineered cartilage constructs seed human chondrocytes onto a collagen scaffold, which buckles at low loads and strains. This buckling creates local regions of high strain that could cause cell death and damage the engineered tissue. Since human tissue engineered cartilage is commonly grown in-vivo prior to implantation, new matrix deposition could improve the local implant mechanics and prevent local tissue buckling. However, the relationship between local biochemical composition and the local mechanics or local buckling probability has never been quantified. Therefore, this study correlated the local biochemical composition of human tissue engineered cartilage constructs using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with the local shear modulus and local buckling probability. The local shear modulus and local buckling probability were obtained using a confocal elastography technique. The local shear modulus increased with increases in local aggrecan content in the interior region (inside the scaffold). A minimum amount of aggrecan was required to prevent local construct buckling at physiologic strains. Since the original scaffold was primarily composed of collagen, increases in collagen content due to new matrix deposition was minimal and had little effect on the mechanical properties. Thus, we concluded that aggrecan deposition inside the scaffold pores is the most effective way to improve the mechanical function and prevent local tissue damage in human tissue engineered cartilage constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Middendorf
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Itai Cohen
- Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Connective tissues within the synovial joints are characterized by their dense extracellular matrix and sparse cellularity. With injury or disease, however, tissues commonly experience an influx of cells owing to proliferation and migration of endogenous mesenchymal cell populations, as well as invasion of the tissue by other cell types, including immune cells. Although this process is critical for successful wound healing, aberrant immune-mediated cell infiltration can lead to pathological inflammation of the joint. Importantly, cells of mesenchymal or haematopoietic origin use distinct modes of migration and thus might respond differently to similar biological cues and microenvironments. Furthermore, cell migration in the physiological microenvironment of musculoskeletal tissues differs considerably from migration in vitro. This Review addresses the complexities of cell migration in fibrous connective tissues from three separate but interdependent perspectives: physiology (including the cellular and extracellular factors affecting 3D cell migration), pathophysiology (cell migration in the context of synovial joint autoimmune disease and injury) and tissue engineering (cell migration in engineered biomaterials). Improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing interstitial cell migration might lead to interventions that stop invasion processes that culminate in deleterious outcomes and/or that expedite migration to direct endogenous cell-mediated repair and regeneration of joint tissues.
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14
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Hu X, Li W, Li L, Lu Y, Wang Y, Parungao R, Zheng S, Liu T, Nie Y, Wang H, Song K. A biomimetic cartilage gradient hybrid scaffold for functional tissue engineering of cartilage. Tissue Cell 2019; 58:84-92. [PMID: 31133251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue has a complex layered structure that is not self-repairing after a cartilage defect. Therefore, constructing a biomimetic gradient scaffold that meets the specific structural requirements of osteochondral tissue is a major challenge in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, chitosan/Sodium β-glycerophosphate/Gelatin (Cs/GP/Gel) biomimetic gradient scaffolds were prepared by regulating the mass ratio of single layer raw materials. The same ratio of Cs/GP/Gel hybrid scaffold material was used as the control. Physical properties such as water absorption, porosity and the degradation rate of the material were compared to optimize the proportion of scaffold materials. P3 Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) were inoculated on the gradient and the control scaffolds to investigate its biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that 3:1:2, 6:1:3.5, 9:1:5, 12:1:6.5, 15:1:8 Cs/GP/Gel gradient scaffolds had excellent three-dimensional porous structures. Channels were also shown to have been interconnected, and the walls of the pores were folded. In the longitudinal dimension, gradient scaffolds had an obvious stratified structure and pore gradient gradualism, that effectively simulated the natural physiological stratified structure of real cartilage. The diameter of the pores in the control scaffold was uniform and without any pore gradient. Gradient scaffolds had good water absorption (584.24 ± 3.79˜677.47 ± 1.70%), porosity (86.34 ± 5.10˜95.20 ± 2.86%) and degradation (86.09 ± 2.46˜92.48 ± 3.86%). After considering the physical properties assessed, the Cs/GP/Gel gradient scaffold with a ratio of 9:1:5 was found to be the most suitable material to support osteochondral tissue. BMSCs were subsequently inoculated on the proportional gradient and hybrid scaffolds culture. These cells survived, distributed and extended well on the gradient and hybrid scaffold material. The biomimetic gradient scaffold designed and prepared in this study provides an important foundation for the development of new gradient composite biomedical materials for osteochondral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Liying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yanguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Burns Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Roxanne Parungao
- Burns Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yi Nie
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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15
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Bothe F, Deubel AK, Hesse E, Lotz B, Groll J, Werner C, Richter W, Hagmann S. Treatment of Focal Cartilage Defects in Minipigs with Zonal Chondrocyte/Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Constructs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030653. [PMID: 30717402 PMCID: PMC6387191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cartilage repair strategies, treatment of focal chondral lesions remains an important challenge to prevent osteoarthritis. Articular cartilage is organized into several layers and lack of zonal organization of current grafts is held responsible for insufficient biomechanical and biochemical quality of repair-tissue. The aim was to develop a zonal approach for cartilage regeneration to determine whether the outcome can be improved compared to a non-zonal strategy. Hydrogel-filled polycaprolactone (PCL)-constructs with a chondrocyte-seeded upper-layer deemed to induce hyaline cartilage and a mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-containing bottom-layer deemed to induce calcified cartilage were compared to chondrocyte-based non-zonal grafts in a minipig model. Grafts showed comparable hardness at implantation and did not cause visible signs of inflammation. After 6 months, X-ray microtomography (µCT)-analysis revealed significant bone-loss in both treatment groups compared to empty controls. PCL-enforcement and some hydrogel-remnants were retained in all defects, but most implants were pressed into the subchondral bone. Despite important heterogeneities, both treatments reached a significantly lower modified O'Driscoll-score compared to empty controls. Thus, PCL may have induced bone-erosion during joint loading and misplacement of grafts in vivo precluding adequate permanent orientation of zones compared to surrounding native cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Bothe
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne-Kathrin Deubel
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Eliane Hesse
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Benedict Lotz
- Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery/Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sebastien Hagmann
- Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery/Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Extracellular vesicles mediate improved functional outcomes in engineered cartilage produced from MSC/chondrocyte cocultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1569-1578. [PMID: 30647113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815447116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have demonstrated that coculture of chondrocytes (CHs) with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves their chondrogenesis. This implies that intercellular communication dictates fate decisions in recipient cells and/or reprograms their metabolic state to support a differentiated function. While this coculture phenomenon is compelling, the differential chondroinductivity of zonal CHs on MSC cocultures, the nature of the molecular cargo, and their transport mechanisms remains undetermined. Here, we demonstrate that juvenile CHs in coculture with adult MSCs promote functional differentiation and improved matrix production. We further demonstrate that close proximity between the two cell types is a prerequisite for this response and that the outcome of this interaction improves viability, chondrogenesis, matrix formation, and homeostasis in the recipient MSCs. Furthermore, we visualized the transfer of intracellular contents from CHs to nearby MSCs and showed that inhibition of extracellular vesicle (EV) transfer blocks the synergistic effect of coculture, identifying EVs as the primary mode of communication in these cocultures. These findings will forward the development of therapeutic agents and more effective delivery systems to promote cartilage repair.
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17
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Kim M, Erickson IE, Huang AH, Garrity ST, Mauck RL, Steinberg DR. Donor Variation and Optimization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis in Hyaluronic Acid. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1693-1703. [PMID: 29792383 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell type for cartilage repair that can undergo chondrogenesis in a variety of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels provide a biologically relevant interface for cell encapsulation. While previous studies have shown that MSC-laden HA constructs can mature in vitro to match native mechanical properties using cells from animal sources, clinical application will depend on the successful translation of these findings to human cells. Though numerous studies have investigated chondrogenesis of human MSC (hMSC)-laden constructs, their functional outcomes were quite inferior to those using animal sources, and donor-specific responses to 3D HA hydrogels have not been fully investigated. To that end, hMSCs were derived from seven donors, and their ability to undergo chondrogenesis in pellet culture and HA hydrogels was evaluated. Given the initial observation of overt cell aggregation and/or gel contraction for some donors, the impact of variation in cell and HA macromer concentration on functional outcomes during chondrogenesis was evaluated using one young/healthy donor. The findings show marked differences in functional chondrogenesis of hMSCs in 3D HA hydrogels based on donor. Increasing cell density resulted in increased mechanical properties, but also promoted construct contraction. Increasing the macromer density generally stabilized construct dimensions and increased extracellular matrix production, but limited the distribution of formed matrix at the center of the construct and reduced mechanical properties. Collectively, these findings suggest that the use of hMSCs may require tuning of cell density and gel mechanics on a donor-by-donor basis to provide for the most robust tissue formation for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- 1 McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,3 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Isaac E Erickson
- 1 McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,4 DiscGenics, Inc. , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alice H Huang
- 1 McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,5 Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Sean T Garrity
- 1 McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert L Mauck
- 1 McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,3 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David R Steinberg
- 1 McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,3 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center (TMRC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Gullbrand SE, Smith LJ, Smith HE, Mauck RL. Promise, progress, and problems in whole disc tissue engineering. JOR Spine 2018; 1:e1015. [PMID: 31463442 PMCID: PMC6686799 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is frequently implicated as a cause of back and neck pain, which are pervasive musculoskeletal complaints in modern society. For the treatment of end stage disc degeneration, replacement of the disc with a viable, tissue-engineered construct that mimics native disc structure and function is a promising alternative to fusion or mechanical arthroplasty techniques. Substantial progress has been made in the field of whole disc tissue engineering over the past decade, with a variety of innovative designs characterized both in vitro and in vivo in animal models. However, significant barriers to clinical translation remain, including construct size, cell source, culture technique, and the identification of appropriate animal models for preclinical evaluation. Here we review the clinical need for disc tissue engineering, the current state of the field, and the outstanding challenges that will need to be addressed by future work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Gullbrand
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Lachlan J. Smith
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Harvey E. Smith
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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19
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Bonnevie ED, Mauck RL. Physiology and Engineering of the Graded Interfaces of Musculoskeletal Junctions. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2018; 20:403-429. [PMID: 29641907 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system can be grouped into fibrous, cartilaginous, and calcified tissues. While each tissue type has a distinct composition and function, the intersections between these tissues result in the formation of complex, composite, and graded junctions. The complexity of these interfaces is a critical aspect of their healthy function, but poses a significant challenge for their repair. In this review, we describe the organization and structure of complex musculoskeletal interfaces, identify emerging technologies for engineering such structures, and outline the requirements for assessing the complex nature of these tissues in the context of recapitulating their function through tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Bonnevie
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; .,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Col. Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; .,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Col. Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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20
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Gullbrand SE, Kim DH, Bonnevie E, Ashinsky BG, Smith LJ, Elliott DM, Mauck RL, Smith HE. Towards the scale up of tissue engineered intervertebral discs for clinical application. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:154-164. [PMID: 29427744 PMCID: PMC7593900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the intervertebral disc with a viable, tissue-engineered construct that mimics native tissue structure and function is an attractive alternative to fusion or mechanical arthroplasty for the treatment of disc pathology. While a number of engineered discs have been developed, the average size of these constructs remains a fraction of the size of human intervertebral discs. In this study, we fabricated medium (3 mm height × 10 mm diameter) and large (6 mm height × 20 mm diameter) sized disc-like angle ply structures (DAPS), encompassing size scales from the rabbit lumbar spine to the human cervical spine. Maturation of these engineered discs was evaluated over 15 weeks in culture by quantifying cell viability and metabolic activity, construct biochemical content, MRI T2 values, and mechanical properties. To assess the performance of the DAPS in the in vivo space, pre-cultured DAPS were implanted subcutaneously in athymic rats for 5 weeks. Our findings show that both sized DAPS matured functionally and compositionally during in vitro culture, as evidenced by increases in mechanical properties and biochemical content over time, yet large DAPS under-performed compared to medium DAPS. Subcutaneous implantation resulted in reductions in NP cell viability and GAG content at both size scales, with little effect on AF biochemistry or metabolic activity. These findings demonstrate that engineered discs at large size scales will mature during in vitro culture, however, future work will need to address the challenges of reduced cell viability and heterogeneous matrix distribution throughout the construct. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work establishes, for the first time, tissue-engineered intervertebral discs for total disc replacement at large, clinically relevant length scales. Clinical translation of tissue-engineered discs will offer an alternative to mechanical disc arthroplasty and fusion procedures, and may contribute to a paradigm shift in the clinical care for patients with disc pathology and associated axial spine and neurogenic extremity pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gullbrand
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dong Hwa Kim
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edward Bonnevie
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Beth G Ashinsky
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel Univeristy, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lachlan J Smith
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dawn M Elliott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Harvey E Smith
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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21
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In Vitro Maturation and In Vivo Integration and Function of an Engineered Cell-Seeded Disc-like Angle Ply Structure (DAPS) for Total Disc Arthroplasty. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15765. [PMID: 29150639 PMCID: PMC5693867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Total disc replacement with an engineered substitute is a promising avenue for treating advanced intervertebral disc disease. Toward this goal, we developed cell-seeded disc-like angle ply structures (DAPS) and showed through in vitro studies that these constructs mature to match native disc composition, structure, and function with long-term culture. We then evaluated DAPS performance in an in vivo rat model of total disc replacement; over 5 weeks in vivo, DAPS maintained their structure, prevented intervertebral bony fusion, and matched native disc mechanical function at physiologic loads in situ. However, DAPS rapidly lost proteoglycan post-implantation and did not integrate into adjacent vertebrae. To address this, we modified the design to include polymer endplates to interface the DAPS with adjacent vertebrae, and showed that this modification mitigated in vivo proteoglycan loss while maintaining mechanical function and promoting integration. Together, these data demonstrate that cell-seeded engineered discs can replicate many characteristics of the native disc and are a viable option for total disc arthroplasty.
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Critchley SE, Kelly DJ. Bioinks for bioprinting functional meniscus and articular cartilage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting can potentially enable the engineering of biological constructs mimicking the complex geometry, composition, architecture and mechanical properties of different tissues and organs. Integral to the successful bioprinting of functional articular cartilage and meniscus is the identification of suitable bioinks and cell sources to support chondrogenesis or fibrochondrogenesis, respectively. Such bioinks must also possess the appropriate rheological properties to be printable and support the generation of complex geometries. This review will outline the parameters required to develop bioinks for such applications and the current recent advances in 3D bioprinting of functional meniscus and articular cartilage. The paper will conclude by discussing key scientific and technical hurdles in this field and by defining future research directions for cartilage and meniscus bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Critchley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials & Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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