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Boroumand S, Rahmani M, Sigaroodi F, Ganjoury C, Parandakh A, Bonakdar A, Khani MM, Soleimani M. The landscape of clinical trials in corneal regeneration: A systematic review of tissue engineering approaches in corneal disease. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35449. [PMID: 39032135 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The limited availability of a healthy donor cornea and the incidence of allograft failure led researchers to seek other corneal substitutes via tissue engineering. Exploring the trend of clinical trials of the cornea with the vision of tissue engineering provides an opportunity to reveal future potential corneal substitutes. The results of this clinical trial are beneficial for future study designs to overcome the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. In this study, registered clinical trials of bio-based approaches were reviewed for corneal regeneration on March 22, 2024. Among the 3955 registered trials for the cornea, 392 trials were included in this study, which categorized in three main bio-based scaffolds, stem cells, and bioactive macromolecules. In addition to the acellular cornea and human amniotic membrane, several bio-based materials have been introduced as corneal substrates such as collagen, fibrin, and agarose. However, some synthetic materials have been introduced in recent studies to improve the desired properties of bio-based scaffolds for corneal substitutes. Nevertheless, new insights into corneal regenerative medicine have recently emerged from cell sheets with autologous and allogeneic cell sources. In addition, the future perspective of corneal regeneration is described through a literature review of recent experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Boroumand
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Rahmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraz Sigaroodi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Camellia Ganjoury
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Parandakh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bonakdar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Khani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Suanno G, Genna VG, Maurizi E, Dieh AA, Griffith M, Ferrari G. Cell therapy in the cornea: The emerging role of microenvironment. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101275. [PMID: 38797320 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The cornea is an ideal testing field for cell therapies. Its highly ordered structure, where specific cell populations are sequestered in different layers, together with its accessibility, has allowed the development of the first stem cell-based therapy approved by the European Medicine Agency. Today, different techniques have been proposed for autologous and allogeneic limbal and non-limbal cell transplantation. Cell replacement has also been attempted in cases of endothelial cell decompensation as it occurs in Fuchs dystrophy: injection of cultivated allogeneic endothelial cells is now in advanced phases of clinical development. Recently, stromal substitutes have been developed with excellent integration capability and transparency. Finally, cell-derived products, such as exosomes obtained from different sources, have been investigated for the treatment of severe corneal diseases with encouraging results. Optimization of the success rate of cell therapies obviously requires high-quality cultured cells/products, but the role of the surrounding microenvironment is equally important to allow engraftment of transplanted cells, to preserve their functions and, ultimately, lead to restoration of tissue integrity and transparency of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Suanno
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Maurizi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine ''S. Ferrari'', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anas Abu Dieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Di Girolamo N. Biologicals and Biomaterials for Corneal Regeneration and Vision Restoration in Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401763. [PMID: 38777343 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian cornea is decorated with stem cells bestowed with the life-long task of renewing the epithelium, provided they remain healthy, functional, and in sufficient numbers. If not, a debilitating disease known as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can develop causing blindness. Decades after the first stem cell (SC) therapy is devised to treat this condition, patients continue to suffer unacceptable failures. During this time, improvements to therapeutics have included identifying better markers to isolate robust SC populations and nurturing them on crudely modified biological or biomaterial scaffolds including human amniotic membrane, fibrin, and contact lenses, prior to their delivery. Researchers are now gathering information about the biomolecular and biomechanical properties of the corneal SC niche to decipher what biological and/or synthetic materials can be incorporated into these carriers. Advances in biomedical engineering including electrospinning and 3D bioprinting with surface functionalization and micropatterning, and self-assembly models, have generated a wealth of biocompatible, biodegradable, integrating scaffolds to choose from, some of which are being tested for their SC delivery capacity in the hope of improving clinical outcomes for patients with LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Di Girolamo
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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4
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Wang Z, Jiang C, Fan Y, Hao X, Dong Y, He X, Gao J, Zhang Y, Li M, Wang M, Liu Y, Xu W. The application of a 4D-printed chitosan-based stem cell carrier for the repair of corneal alkali burns. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:41. [PMID: 38355568 PMCID: PMC10865625 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal alkali burns can lead to ulceration, perforation, and even corneal blindness due to epithelial defects and extensive cell necrosis, resulting in poor healing outcomes. Previous studies have found that chitosan-based in situ hydrogel loaded with limbal epithelium stem cells (LESCs) has a certain reparative effect on corneal alkali burns. However, the inconsistent pore sizes of the carriers and low cell loading rates have resulted in suboptimal repair outcomes. In this study, 4D bioprinting technology was used to prepare a chitosan-based thermosensitive gel carrier (4D-CTH) with uniform pore size and adjustable shape to improve the transfer capacity of LESCs. METHODS Prepare solutions of chitosan acetate, carboxymethyl chitosan, and β-glycerophosphate sodium at specific concentrations, and mix them in certain proportions to create a pore-size uniform scaffold using 4D bioprinting technology. Extract and culture rat LESCs (rLESCs) in vitro, perform immunofluorescence experiments to observe the positivity rate of deltaNp63 cells for cell identification. Conduct a series of experiments to validate the cell compatibility of 4D-CTH, including CCK-8 assay to assess cell toxicity, scratch assay to evaluate the effect of 4D-CTH on rLESCs migration, and Calcein-AM/PI cell staining experiment to examine the impact of 4D-CTH on rLESCs proliferation and morphology. Establish a severe alkali burn model in rat corneas, transplant rLESCs onto the injured cornea using 4D-CTH, periodically observe corneal opacity and neovascularization using a slit lamp, and evaluate epithelial healing by fluorescein sodium staining. Assess the therapeutic effect 4D-CTH-loaded rLESCs on corneal alkali burn through histological evaluation of corneal tissue paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as immunofluorescence staining of frozen sections. RESULTS Using the 4D-CTH, rLESCs were transferred to the alkali burn wounds of rats. Compared with the traditional treatment group (chitosan in situ hydrogel encapsulating rLESCs), the 4D-CTH-rLESC group had significantly higher repair efficiency of corneal injury, such as lower corneal opacity score (1.2 ± 0.4472 vs 0.4 ± 0.5477, p < 0.05) and neovascularization score (5.5 ± 1.118 vs 2.6 ± 0.9618, p < 0.01), and significantly higher corneal epithelial wound healing rate (72.09 ± 3.568% vs 86.60 ± 5.004%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In summary, the corneas of the 4D-CTH-rLESC treatment group were similar to the normal corneas and had a complete corneal structure. These findings suggested that LESCs encapsulated by 4D-CTH significantly accelerated corneal wound healing after alkali burn and can be considered as a rapid and effective method for treating epithelial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Wang
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqiao Fan
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodan Hao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xinjia He
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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Jafar H, Ahmed K, Rayyan R, Sotari S, Buqain R, Ali D, Al Bdour M, Awidi A. Plasma-Treated Electrospun PLGA Nanofiber Scaffold Supports Limbal Stem Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4244. [PMID: 37959924 PMCID: PMC10648479 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelial layer is continuously replaced by limbal stem cells. Reconstructing this layer in vitro using synthetic scaffolds is highly needed. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is approved for human use due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, PLGA is hydrophobic, preventing cell adherence to PLGA membranes. PLGA scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning on a custom-made target drum spinning at a rate of 1000 rpm with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/h and voltage at 20 kV, then treated with oxygen plasma at 30 mA using a vacuum coater. Scaffolds were characterized by SEM, mechanically by tensile testing, and thermally by DSC and TGA. In vitro degradation was measured by weight loss and pH drop. Wettability was assessed through water uptake and contact angles measurements. Human limbal stem cells (hLSCs) were isolated and seeded on the scaffolds. Cell attachment and cytotoxicity assay were evaluated on day 1 and 5 after cell seeding. SEM showed regular fiber morphology with diameters ranging between 150 nm and 950 nm. Tensile strength demonstrated similar average stress values for both plasma- and non-plasma-treated samples. Scaffolds also showed gradual degradability over a period of 7-8 weeks. Water contact angle and water absorption were significantly enhanced for plasma-treated scaffolds, indicating a favorable increase in their hydrophilicity. Scaffolds have also supported hLSCs growth and attachment with no signs of cytotoxicity. We have characterized a nanofiber electrospun plasma-treated PLGA scaffold to investigate the mechanical and biological properties and the ability to support the attachment and maintenance of hLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (H.J.)
| | - Khalid Ahmed
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rama Rayyan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Shorouq Sotari
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (H.J.)
| | - Rula Buqain
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (H.J.)
| | - Dema Ali
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (H.J.)
| | - Muawyah Al Bdour
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (H.J.)
- Thrombosis Homeostasis Laboratory, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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6
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Tran TM, Hou JH. Clinical applications of bioengineered tissue-cellular products for management of corneal diseases. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2023; 34:311-323. [PMID: 37097181 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss bioengineered tissue-cellular products for treatment of corneal diseases that are currently in clinical use. These include tissue-cellular products that have received regulatory approval, are being used off-label in clinical practice, or are in active use in clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Due to the global shortage of donor corneal tissue, significant efforts have been made to develop bioengineering tissue-cellular products that can replace or augment the use of cadaveric tissue for corneal transplantation. The development of carrier substrates to support transplantation of cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) has been a growing area of research. CLET offers a promising therapeutic alternative to conventional simple limbal epithelial transplantation and keratolimbal allografts for treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. Engineered tissue matrices and porcine-derived corneas are potential alternatives to human donor tissue in anterior lamellar keratoplasty for corneal ulcers and scars, as well as intrastromal transplants for advanced keratoconus. For endothelial disease, substrate supported cultured endothelial cell grafts, and synthetic barrier devices are promising alternative to traditional endothelial keratoplasties. SUMMARY There has been increasing interest in cellular and acellular bioengineered tissue-cellular and synthetic products for treatment of corneal diseases, and many of these products have already seen clinical use. Industry and academia have important roles in advancing these products to later phase clinical trials and comparing them to conventional allograft approaches. Future development of full thickness donor corneas with cultivated epithelium, endothelium, and stromal keratocytes in a biosynthetic matrix will likely be an important next step in tissue alternatives. Continued progress in this field will be critical for addressing the global disease burden from corneal blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu M Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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7
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Soleimani M, Cheraqpour K, Koganti R, Baharnoori SM, Djalilian AR. Concise Review: Bioengineering of Limbal Stem Cell Niche. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:111. [PMID: 36671683 PMCID: PMC9855097 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous cells and has a significant turnover rate. Limbal integrity is vital to maintain the clarity and avascularity of the cornea as well as regeneration of the corneal epithelium. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are located in the basal epithelial layer of the limbus and preserve this homeostasis. Proper functioning of LESCs is dependent on a specific microenvironment, known as the limbal stem cell niche (LSCN). This structure is made up of various cells, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and signaling molecules. Different etiologies may damage the LSCN, leading to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), which is characterized by conjunctivalization of the cornea. In this review, we first summarize the basics of the LSCN and then focus on current and emerging bioengineering strategies for LSCN restoration to combat LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soleimani
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1336616351, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1336616351, Iran
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Seyed Mahbod Baharnoori
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ali R. Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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8
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Tavakkoli F, Eleiwa TK, Elhusseiny AM, Damala M, Rai AK, Cheraqpour K, Ansari MH, Doroudian M, H Keshel S, Soleimani M, Djalilian AR, Sangwan VS, Singh V. Corneal stem cells niche and homeostasis impacts in regenerative medicine; concise review. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023:11206721221150065. [PMID: 36604831 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221150065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The limbal stem cells niche (LSCN) is an optimal microenvironment that provides the limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) and strictly regulates their proliferation and differentiation. Disturbing the LSCN homeostasis can lead to limbal stem cell dysfunction (LSCD) and subsequent ocular surface aberrations, such as corneal stromal inflammation, persistent epithelial defects, corneal neovascularisation, lymphangiogenesis, corneal opacification, and conjunctivalization. As ocular surface disorders are considered the second main cause of blindness, it becomes crucial to explore different therapeutic strategies for restoring the functions of the LSCN. A major limitation of corneal transplantation is the current shortage of donor tissue to meet the requirements worldwide. In this context, it becomes mandatory to find an alternative regenerative medicine, such as using cultured limbal epithelial/stromal stem cells, inducing the production of corneal like cells by using other sources of stem cells, and using tissue engineering methods aiming to produce the three-dimensional (3D) printed cornea. Limbal epithelial stem cells have been considered the magic potion for eye treatment. Epithelial and stromal stem cells in the limbal niche hold the responsibility of replenishing the corneal epithelium. These stem cells are being used for transplantation to maintain corneal epithelial integrity and ultimately sustain optimal vision. In this review, we summarised the characteristics of the LSCN and their current and future roles in restoring corneal homeostasis in eyes with LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tavakkoli
- Department of Community Health, College of Health Technology, Cihan University, Erbil, Iraq.,SSR Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Taher K Eleiwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mukesh Damala
- SSR Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit K Rai
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Translational Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Ansari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafinejad Medical Center, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, 145440Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed H Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Ophthalmology, 159636Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology, 159636Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Vivek Singh
- SSR Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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9
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Corneal Epithelial Regeneration: Old and New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113114. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal blindness is the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide, and therapeutic options are still often limited to corneal transplantation. The corneal epithelium has a strong barrier function, and regeneration is highly dependent on limbal stem cell proliferation and basement membrane remodeling. As a result of the lack of corneal donor tissues, regenerative medicine for corneal diseases affecting the epithelium is an area with quite advanced basic and clinical research. Surgery still plays a prominent role in the treatment of epithelial diseases; indeed, innovative surgical techniques have been developed to transplant corneal and non-corneal stem cells onto diseased corneas for epithelial regeneration applications. The main goal of applying regenerative medicine to clinical practice is to restore function by providing viable cells based on the use of a novel therapeutic approach to generate biological substitutes and improve tissue functions. Interest in corneal epithelium rehabilitation medicine is rapidly growing, given the exposure of the corneal outer layers to external insults. Here, we performed a review of basic, clinical and surgical research reports on regenerative medicine for corneal epithelial disorders, classifying therapeutic approaches according to their macro- or microscopic target, i.e., into cellular or subcellular therapies, respectively.
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10
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Terzopoulou Z, Zamboulis A, Koumentakou I, Michailidou G, Noordam MJ, Bikiaris DN. Biocompatible Synthetic Polymers for Tissue Engineering Purposes. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1841-1863. [PMID: 35438479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have been an integral part of modern society since the early 1960s. Besides their most well-known applications to the public, such as packaging, construction, textiles and electronics, synthetic polymers have also revolutionized the field of medicine. Starting with the first plastic syringe developed in 1955 to the complex polymeric materials used in the regeneration of tissues, their contributions have never been more prominent. Decades of research on polymeric materials, stem cells, and three-dimensional printing contributed to the rapid progress of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine that envisages the potential future of organ transplantations. This perspective discusses the role of synthetic polymers in tissue engineering, their design and properties in relation to each type of application. Additionally, selected recent achievements of tissue engineering using synthetic polymers are outlined to provide insight into how they will contribute to the advancement of the field in the near future. In this way, we aim to provide a guide that will help scientists with synthetic polymer design and selection for different tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koumentakou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Michailidou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michiel Jan Noordam
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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da Mata Martins TM, de Carvalho JL, da Silva Cunha P, Gomes DA, de Goes AM. Induction of Corneal Epithelial Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent and Orbital Fat-Derived Stem Cells Seeded on Decellularized Human Corneas. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2522-2534. [PMID: 35247143 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Up to 40% of donor corneas are deemed unsuitable for transplantation, aggravating the shortage of graft tissue. In most cases, the corneal extracellular matrix is intact. Therefore, their decellularization followed by repopulation with autologous cells may constitute an efficient alternative to reduce the amount of discarded tissue and the risk of immune rejection after transplantation. Although induced pluripotent (hiPSCs) and orbital fat-derived stem cells (OFSCs) hold great promise for corneal epithelial (CE) reconstruction, no study to date has evaluated the capacity of decellularized corneas (DCs) to support the attachment and differentiation of these cells into CE-like cells. Here, we recellularize DCs with hiPSCs and OFSCs and evaluate their differentiation potential into CE-like cells using animal serum-free culture conditions. Cell viability and adhesion on DCs were assessed by calcein-AM staining and scanning electron microscopy. Cell differentiation was evaluated by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence analyses. DCs successfully supported the adhesion and survival of hiPSCs and OFSCs. The OFSCs cultured under differentiation conditions could not express the CE markers, TP63, KRT3, PAX6, and KRT12, while the hiPSCs gave rise to cells expressing high levels of these markers. RT-qPCR data suggested that the DCs provided an inductive environment for CE differentiation of hiPSCs, supporting the expression of PAX6 and KRT12 without the need for any soluble induction factors. Our results open the avenue for future studies regarding the in vivo effects of DCs as carriers for autologous cell transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Maria da Mata Martins
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lott de Carvalho
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, QS 07 - Lote 01, EPCT - Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 71966-700, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Pricila da Silva Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Minas Gerais State University, Avenida Olegário Maciel, 1427, Ubá, Minas Gerais, 36502-002, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda de Goes
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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12
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Bonnet C, González S, Roberts JS, Robertson SYT, Ruiz M, Zheng J, Deng SX. Human limbal epithelial stem cell regulation, bioengineering and function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 85:100956. [PMID: 33676006 PMCID: PMC8428188 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is continuously renewed by limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs), a cell population harbored in a highly regulated niche located at the limbus. Dysfunction and/or loss of LSCs and their niche cause limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), a disease that is marked by invasion of conjunctival epithelium into the cornea and results in failure of epithelial wound healing. Corneal opacity, pain, loss of vision, and blindness are the consequences of LSCD. Successful treatment of LSCD depends on accurate diagnosis and staging of the disease and requires restoration of functional LSCs and their niche. This review highlights the major advances in the identification of potential LSC biomarkers and components of the LSC niche, understanding of LSC regulation, methods and regulatory standards in bioengineering of LSCs, and diagnosis and staging of LSCD. Overall, this review presents key points for researchers and clinicians alike to consider in deepening the understanding of LSC biology and improving LSCD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cornea Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Sheyla González
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - JoAnn S Roberts
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah Y T Robertson
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maxime Ruiz
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Basic Science Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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13
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Amin S, Jalilian E, Katz E, Frank C, Yazdanpanah G, Guaiquil VH, Rosenblatt MI, Djalilian AR. The Limbal Niche and Regenerative Strategies. Vision (Basel) 2021; 5:vision5040043. [PMID: 34698278 PMCID: PMC8544688 DOI: 10.3390/vision5040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective function and transparency provided by the corneal epithelium are dependent on and maintained by the regenerative capacity of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs). These LESCs are supported by the limbal niche, a specialized microenvironment consisting of cellular and non-cellular components. Disruption of the limbal niche, primarily from injuries or inflammatory processes, can negatively impact the regenerative ability of LESCs. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) directly hampers the regenerative ability of the corneal epithelium and allows the conjunctival epithelium to invade the cornea, which results in severe visual impairment. Treatment involves restoring the LESC population and functionality; however, few clinically practiced therapies currently exist. This review outlines the current understanding of the limbal niche, its pathology and the emerging approaches targeted at restoring the limbal niche. Most emerging approaches are in developmental phases but show promise for treating LSCD and accelerating corneal regeneration. Specifically, we examine cell-based therapies, bio-active extracellular matrices and soluble factor therapies in considerable depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohil Amin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.A.); (E.J.); (E.K.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (V.H.G.); (M.I.R.)
| | - Elmira Jalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.A.); (E.J.); (E.K.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (V.H.G.); (M.I.R.)
| | - Eitan Katz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.A.); (E.J.); (E.K.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (V.H.G.); (M.I.R.)
| | - Charlie Frank
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.A.); (E.J.); (E.K.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (V.H.G.); (M.I.R.)
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.A.); (E.J.); (E.K.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (V.H.G.); (M.I.R.)
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Victor H. Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.A.); (E.J.); (E.K.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (V.H.G.); (M.I.R.)
| | - Mark I. Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.A.); (E.J.); (E.K.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (V.H.G.); (M.I.R.)
| | - Ali R. Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.A.); (E.J.); (E.K.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (V.H.G.); (M.I.R.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zhong Z, Balayan A, Tian J, Xiang Y, Hwang HH, Wu X, Deng X, Schimelman J, Sun Y, Ma C, Santos AD, You S, Tang M, Yao E, Shi X, Steinmetz NF, Deng SX, Chen S. Bioprinting of dual ECM scaffolds encapsulating limbal stem/progenitor cells in active and quiescent statuses. Biofabrication 2021; 13:10.1088/1758-5090/ac1992. [PMID: 34330126 PMCID: PMC8716326 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Limbal stem cell deficiency and corneal disorders are among the top global threats for human vision. Emerging therapies that integrate stem cell transplantation with engineered hydrogel scaffolds for biological and mechanical support are becoming a rising trend in the field. However, methods for high-throughput fabrication of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as knowledge of the interaction between limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) are still much needed. Here, we employed digital light processing (DLP)-based bioprinting to fabricate hydrogel scaffolds encapsulating primary LSCs and studied the ECM-dependent LSC phenotypes. The DLP-based bioprinting with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) or hyaluronic acid glycidyl methacrylate (HAGM) generated microscale hydrogel scaffolds that could support the viability of the encapsulated primary rabbit LSCs (rbLSCs) in culture. Immunocytochemistry and transcriptional analysis showed that the encapsulated rbLSCs remained active in GelMA-based scaffolds while exhibited quiescence in the HAGM-based scaffolds. The primary human LSCs encapsulated within bioprinted scaffolds showed consistent ECM-dependent active/quiescent statuses. Based on these results, we have developed a novel bioprinted dual ECM 'Yin-Yang' model encapsulating LSCs to support both active and quiescent statues. Our findings provide valuable insights towards stem cell therapies and regenerative medicine for corneal reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alis Balayan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Henry H. Hwang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaokang Wu
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacob Schimelman
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yazhi Sun
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aurelie D. Santos
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shangting You
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emmie Yao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaoao Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sophie X. Deng
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Bonnet C, Brahmbhatt A, Deng SX, Zheng JJ. Wnt signaling activation: targets and therapeutic opportunities for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1144-1157. [PMID: 34458828 PMCID: PMC8341040 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins are secreted morphogens that play critical roles in embryonic development, stem cell proliferation, self-renewal, tissue regeneration and remodeling in adults. While aberrant Wnt signaling contributes to diseases such as cancer, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a target of interest in stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Recent high throughput screenings from chemical and biological libraries, combined with improved gene expression reporter assays of Wnt/β-catenin activation together with rational drug design, led to the development of a myriad of Wnt activators, with different mechanisms of actions. Among them, Wnt mimics, antibodies targeting Wnt inhibitors, glycogen-synthase-3β inhibitors, and indirubins and other natural product derivatives are emerging modalities to treat bone, neurodegenerative, eye, and metabolic disorders, as well as prevent ageing. Nevertheless, the creation of Wnt-based therapies has been hampered by challenges in developing potent and selective Wnt activators without off-target effects, such as oncogenesis. On the other hand, to avoid these risks, their use to promote ex vivo expansion during tissue engineering is a promising application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA +1-3107947906 +1-3102062173
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Paris University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, and Cornea Departement, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP F-75014 Paris France
| | - Anvi Brahmbhatt
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA +1-3107947906 +1-3102062173
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA +1-3107947906 +1-3102062173
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Jie J Zheng
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA +1-3107947906 +1-3102062173
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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16
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Huang D, Xu C, Guo R, Ji J, Liu W. Anterior lens capsule: biomechanical properties and biomedical engineering perspectives. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e302-e309. [PMID: 32914585 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anterior lens capsule, as the thickest basement membrane in the body, has its unique physiology characteristics. In ophthalmology, many attempts have been made to culture different kinds of cells including iris pigment epithelial cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, corneal epithelium and endothelium cells, trabecular meshwork cells etc and anterior lens capsule has been confirmed to be served as an excellent scaffold for the growth and expansion of different ocular cells. Furthermore, anterior lens capsule also has unique potential in gestation evaluation and the treatment of various ocular diseases, including corneal ulcer, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and macular hole, etc. Here, we provide an overview of the biomechanical properties and biomedical engineering perspectives of anterior lens capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology Taihe Hospital Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan China
| | - Chenjia Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science Eye Institute and School of Optometry Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Ruru Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science Eye Institute and School of Optometry Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Jian Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science Eye Institute and School of Optometry Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science Eye Institute and School of Optometry Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital Tianjin China
- Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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17
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Bonnet C, Roberts JS, Deng SX. Limbal stem cell diseases. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108437. [PMID: 33571530 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function of limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) is critical to maintain corneal epithelial homeostasis. Many external insults and intrinsic defects can be deleterious to LSCs and their niche microenvironment, resulting in limbal stem cell dysfunction or deficiency (LSCD). Ocular comorbidities, frequent in eyes with LSCD, can exacerbate the dysfunction of residual LSCs, and limit the survival of transplanted LSCs. Clinical presentation and disease evolution vary among different etiologies of LSCD. New ocular imaging modalities and molecular markers are now available to standardize the diagnosis criteria and stage the severity of the disease. Medical therapies may be sufficient to reverse the disease if residual LSCs are present. A stepwise approach should be followed to optimize the ocular surface, eliminate the causative factors and treat comorbid conditions, before considering surgical interventions. Furthermore, surgical options are selected depending on the severity and laterality of the disease. The standardized diagnostic criteria to stage the disease is necessary to objectively evaluate and compare the efficacy of the emerging customized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cornea Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France.
| | - JoAnn S Roberts
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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18
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Khalili M, Asadi M, Kahroba H, Soleyman MR, Andre H, Alizadeh E. Corneal endothelium tissue engineering: An evolution of signaling molecules, cells, and scaffolds toward 3D bioprinting and cell sheets. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3275-3303. [PMID: 33090510 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cornea is an avascular and transparent tissue that focuses light on retina. Cornea is supported by the corneal-endothelial layer through regulation of hydration homeostasis. Restoring vision in patients afflicted with corneal endothelium dysfunction-mediated blindness most often requires corneal transplantation (CT), which faces considerable constrictions due to donor limitations. An emerging alternative to CT is corneal endothelium tissue engineering (CETE), which involves utilizing scaffold-based methods and scaffold-free strategies. The innovative scaffold-free method is cell sheet engineering, which typically generates cell layers surrounded by an intact extracellular matrix, exhibiting tunable release from the stimuli-responsive surface. In some studies, scaffold-based or scaffold-free technologies have been reported to achieve promising outcomes. However, yet some issues exist in translating CETE from bench to clinical practice. In this review, we compare different corneal endothelium regeneration methods and elaborate on the application of multiple cell types (stem cells, corneal endothelial cells, and endothelial precursors), signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, chemical compounds, and small RNAs), and natural and synthetic scaffolds for CETE. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of three-dimensional bioprinting strategies and simulation of Descemet's membrane by biomimetic topography. Finally, we dissected the recent advances, applications, and prospects of cell sheet engineering for CETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khalili
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Biomedicine Institute, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleyman
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Helder Andre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Hernáez-Moya R, González S, Urkaregi A, Pijoan JI, Deng SX, Andollo N. Expansion of Human Limbal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells Using Different Human Sera: A Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176132. [PMID: 32854428 PMCID: PMC7503296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human cultured limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LESCs) has demonstrated to restore the integrity and functionality of the corneal surface in about 76% of patients with limbal stem cell deficiency. However, there are different protocols for the expansion of LESCs, and many of them use xenogeneic products, being a risk for the patients’ health. We compared the culture of limbal explants on the denuded amniotic membrane in the culture medium—supplemental hormone epithelial medium (SHEM)—supplemented with FBS or two differently produced human sera. Cell morphology, cell size, cell growth rate, and the expression level of differentiation and putative stem cell markers were examined. Several bioactive molecules were quantified in the human sera. In a novel approach, we performed a multivariate statistical analysis of data to investigate the culture factors, such as differently expressed molecules of human sera that specifically influence the cell phenotype. Our results showed that limbal cells cultured with human sera grew faster and contained similar amounts of small-sized cells, higher expression of the protein p63α, and lower of cytokeratin K12 than FBS cultures, thus, maintaining the stem/progenitor phenotype of LESCs. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis provided much data to better understand the obtaining of different cell phenotypes as a consequence of the use of different culture methodologies or different culture components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Hernáez-Moya
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Sheyla González
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.G.); (S.X.D.)
| | - Arantza Urkaregi
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics and Operational Research, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Jose Ignacio Pijoan
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Sophie X. Deng
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.G.); (S.X.D.)
| | - Noelia Andollo
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-601-3295
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20
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Wang G, Chen P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Reinach PS, Xue Y, Liu Z, Li C. Onion Epithelial Membrane Scaffolds Transfer Corneal Epithelial Layers in Reconstruction Surgery. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000469. [PMID: 32548957 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants and their extracts have been used especially in China for more than ten centuries for preventing and treating disease. However, there are only few reports describing their use in animal cell culture and tissue transplantation. In this study, onion epithelial membranes (OEM) is used as scaffolds to support cultures of a variety of cells such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells notably; they maintain the phenotypic characteristics of corneal epithelial cells. This improvement includes preservation of the proliferative potential and stemness of rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCECs). Such an outcome suggests that this cost-effective technology warrants further evaluation to determine if OEM is a viable candidate for use as scaffolds in corneal epithelial transplantation surgery. To test this possibility, rabbit corneal epithelial cells expanded on OEM are transplanted to treat corneal epithelial defects in limbal stem cell deficient rabbits. This procedure is successful because it shortens the time required for wound healing to restore losses in corneal epithelial integrity, and forms a more compact and stratified epithelium framework than the untreated group. Ultimately, should they be proven to be effective in other relevant animal model systems, their usefulness for treating wounds in a clinical setting warrants consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Pei Chen
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Yanzi Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Peter S. Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and OptometryEye HospitalWenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterSchool of MedicineXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Xiamen Fujian 361102 China
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21
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da Mata Martins TM, da Silva Cunha P, Rodrigues MA, de Carvalho JL, de Souza JE, de Carvalho Oliveira JA, Gomes DA, de Goes AM. Epithelial basement membrane of human decellularized cornea as a suitable substrate for differentiation of embryonic stem cells into corneal epithelial-like cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111215. [PMID: 32806330 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to decellularize and recellularize the corneas deemed unsuitable for transplantation may increase the number of available grafts. Decellularized corneas (DCs) may provide a natural microenvironment for cell adhesion and differentiation. Despite this, no study to date has evaluated their efficacy as a substrate for the induction of stem cell differentiation into corneal cells. The present study aimed to compare the efficiency of NaCl and NaCl plus nucleases methods to decellularize whole human corneas, and to investigate the effect of epithelial basement membrane (EBM) of whole DCs on the ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to differentiate into corneal epithelial-like cells when cultured in animal serum-free differentiation medium. As laminin is the major component of EBM, we also investigated its effect on hESCs differentiation. The decellularization efficiency and integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained were investigated by histology, electron microscopy, DNA quantification, immunofluorescence, and nuclear staining. The ability of hESCs to differentiate into corneal epithelial-like cells when seeded on the EBM of DCs or laminin-coated wells was evaluated by immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR analyses. NaCl treatment alone, without nucleases, was insufficient to remove cellular components, while NaCl plus nucleases treatment resulted in efficient decellularization and preservation of the ECM. Unlike cells induced to differentiate on laminin, hESCs differentiated on DCs expressed high levels of corneal epithelial-specific markers, keratin 3 and keratin 12. It was demonstrated for the first time that the decellularized matrices had a positive effect on the differentiation of hESCs towards corneal epithelial-like cells. Such a strategy supports the potential applications of human DCs and hESCs in corneal epithelium tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Maria da Mata Martins
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Pricila da Silva Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michele Angela Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott de Carvalho
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, QS 07 - Lote 01, EPCT - Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal 71966-700, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Joyce Esposito de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Junnia Alvarenga de Carvalho Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda de Goes
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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22
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Garzón I, Chato-Astrain J, González-Gallardo C, Ionescu A, Cardona JDLC, Mateu M, Carda C, Pérez MDM, Martín-Piedra MÁ, Alaminos M. Long-Term in vivo Evaluation of Orthotypical and Heterotypical Bioengineered Human Corneas. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:681. [PMID: 32671048 PMCID: PMC7327129 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human cornea substitutes generated by tissue engineering currently require limbal stem cells for the generation of orthotypical epithelial cell cultures. We recently reported that bioengineered corneas can be fabricated in vitro from a heterotypical source obtained from Wharton’s jelly in the human umbilical cord (HWJSC). Methods Here, we generated a partial thickness cornea model based on plastic compression nanostructured fibrin-agarose biomaterials with cornea epithelial cells on top, as an orthotypical model (HOC), or with HWJSC, as a heterotypical model (HHC), and determined their potential in vivo usefulness by implantation in an animal model. Results No major side effects were seen 3 and 12 months after implantation of either bioengineered partial cornea model in rabbit corneas. Clinical results determined by slit lamp and optical coherence tomography were positive after 12 months. Histological and immunohistochemical findings demonstrated that in vitro HOC and HHC had moderate levels of stromal and epithelial cell marker expression, whereas in vivo grafted corneas were more similar to control corneas. Conclusion These results suggest that both models are potentially useful to treat diseases requiring anterior cornea replacement, and that HHC may be an efficient alternative to the use of HOC which circumvents the need to generate cornea epithelial cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garzón
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Chato-Astrain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ana Ionescu
- Biomaterials Optics Group, Department of Optics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Mateu
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Carda
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Pérez
- Biomaterials Optics Group, Department of Optics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martín-Piedra
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Yazdani M, Shahdadfar A, Jackson CJ, Utheim TP. A Hyaluronan Hydrogel Scaffold for Culture of Human Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells in Limbal Stem-Cell Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E97. [PMID: 31652804 PMCID: PMC6955856 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, plays a key role in cell proliferation, growth, survival, polarization and differentiation. We investigated the optimization of a HA hydrogel scaffold for culture of human oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMECs) for potential application in limbal stem cell therapy. The effect of the optimized scaffold on OMEC cell sheet morphology, cell metabolic activity and expression of genes associated with stemness, adherence and cell damage was studied. The results indicate that HA hydrogels crosslinked with polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) failed to support OMEC attachment and growth. However, HA hydrogel scaffolds dried for three days and coated with 1 mg/mL collagen IV produced a full OMEC sheet. Cell morphology was comparable to control after three weeks culture, maintaining 76% metabolic activity. Of apoptosis-related genes, the pro-apoptotic markers CASP3 and BAX2 were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, compared to control whereas the anti-apoptotic marker BCL2 was downregulated. The expression level of stemness genes ΔNp63α and ABCG2 was significantly higher than control. Genes associated with improved scar-less wound healing (integrin-V) and protection of the ocular surface (cadherin-1) had ~3-fold increased expression. These data suggest that our optimized HA-hydrogel scaffold could enhance culture of OMEC cell sheets for use in ocular reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aboulghassem Shahdadfar
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Catherine Joan Jackson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, 4604 Arendal, Norway.
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24
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Fiorica C, Tomasello L, Palumbo FS, Coppola A, Pitarresi G, Pizzolanti G, Giordano C, Giammona G. Production of a Double-Layer Scaffold for the "On-Demand" Release of Fibroblast-like Limbal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22206-22217. [PMID: 31144805 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The production and characterization of a double-layer scaffold, to be used as a system for the "on-demand" release of corneal limbal stem cells, are reported here. The devices used in the clinics and proposed so far in the scientific literature, for the release of corneal stem cells in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency, cannot control the in vivo space-time release of cells as the biomaterial of which they are composed is devoid of the stimuli-responsive feature. Our approach was to produce a scaffold composed of two different polymeric layers that give the device the appropriate mechanical properties to be placed on the ocular surface and the possibility of releasing the stem cells following a noninvasive and cell-friendly treatment. This device consists of an electrospun microfibrillar scaffold of poly-l-lactic acid coated by a polymeric film based on an amphiphilic derivative of hyaluronic acid sensitive to the ionic strength of the external medium and to the presence of a complexing agent. The latter represents the "sacrificial" cell containing layer of the scaffold that can be dissolved "on demand" by the treatment with a solution of cyclodextrins. The rapid removal of the external polymeric film from the device is exploited to control the space-time release of the cells. In vitro and ex vivo experiments showed that fibroblast-like limbal stem cells cultured on the scaffold without the use of the feeder layer maintained their characteristics of stem cells and can be released "on demand" on the culture well coated with Matrigel or on the decellularized bovine cornea, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Fiorica
- Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Laura Tomasello
- Department of "Promozione Della Salute Materno Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza" "G. D'Alessandro" (ProMise) , University of Palermo , Piazza Delle Cliniche 2 , 90127 Palermo , Italy
| | - Fabio S Palumbo
- Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Antonina Coppola
- Department of "Promozione Della Salute Materno Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza" "G. D'Alessandro" (ProMise) , University of Palermo , Piazza Delle Cliniche 2 , 90127 Palermo , Italy
| | - Giovanna Pitarresi
- Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of "Promozione Della Salute Materno Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza" "G. D'Alessandro" (ProMise) , University of Palermo , Piazza Delle Cliniche 2 , 90127 Palermo , Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of "Promozione Della Salute Materno Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza" "G. D'Alessandro" (ProMise) , University of Palermo , Piazza Delle Cliniche 2 , 90127 Palermo , Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 32 , 90123 Palermo , Italy
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25
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Fenelon M, Maurel DB, Siadous R, Gremare A, Delmond S, Durand M, Brun S, Catros S, Gindraux F, L'Heureux N, Fricain JC. Comparison of the impact of preservation methods on amniotic membrane properties for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109903. [PMID: 31500032 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane (hAM) is considered as an attractive biological scaffold for tissue engineering. For this application, hAM has been mainly processed using cryopreservation, lyophilization and/or decellularization. However, no study has formally compared the influence of these treatments on hAM properties. The aim of this study was to develop a new decellularization-preservation process of hAM, and to compare it with other conventional treatments (fresh, cryopreserved and lyophilized). The hAM was decellularized (D-hAM) using an enzymatic method followed by a detergent decellularization method, and was then lyophilized and gamma-sterilized. Decellularization was assessed using DNA staining and quantification. D-hAM was compared to fresh (F-hAM), cryopreserved (C-hAM) and lyophilized/gamma-sterilized (L-hAM) hAM. Their cytotoxicity on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and their biocompatibility in a rat subcutaneous model were also evaluated. The protocol was effective as judged by the absence of nuclei staining and the residual DNA lower than 50 ng/mg. Histological staining showed a disruption of the D-hAM architecture, and its thickness was 84% lower than fresh hAM (p < 0.001). Despite this, the labeling of type IV and type V collagen, elastin and laminin were preserved on D-hAM. Maximal force before rupture of D-hAM was 92% higher than C-hAM and L-hAM (p < 0.01), and D-hAM was 37% more stretchable than F-hAM (p < 0.05). None of the four hAM were cytotoxic, and D-hAM was the most suitable scaffold for hBMSCs proliferation. Finally, D-hAM was well integrated in vivo. In conclusion, this new hAM decellularization process appears promising for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Fenelon
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Laboratory BioTis, UMR 1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Department of Oral Surgery, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Delphine B Maurel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Laboratory BioTis, UMR 1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Robin Siadous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Laboratory BioTis, UMR 1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agathe Gremare
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Laboratory BioTis, UMR 1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Samantha Delmond
- CHU Bordeaux, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marlène Durand
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Laboratory BioTis, UMR 1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm, CIC 1401, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Brun
- University hospital, Gynecology-Obstetrics Service, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvain Catros
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Laboratory BioTis, UMR 1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Department of Oral Surgery, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Orthopedic, Traumatology & Plastic Surgery Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France; Nanomedicine Lab, Imagery and Therapeutics (EA 4662), SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Nicolas L'Heureux
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Laboratory BioTis, UMR 1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Fricain
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Laboratory BioTis, UMR 1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Department of Oral Surgery, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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26
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Chen Y, Yin YW, Zhao Y, Wu XY, Young K, Song WT, Xia XB, Wen D. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells derived mesenchymal stem cells into corneal epithelial cells after being seeded on decellularized SMILE-derived lenticules. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:717-724. [PMID: 31131228 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.05.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the feasibility of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into corneal epithelial cells after being seeded on the decellularized small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)-derived lenticules. METHODS The fresh lenticules procured from patients undergoing SMILE for the correction of myopia were decellularized. The MSCs were subsequently cultivated on those denuded lenticules. The MSCs without lenticules were used as a control. The proliferation activity of the MSCs after seeding 24h was quantitatively determined with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Immunofluorescence staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to assess the marker expression in differentiated MSCs. RESULTS The data showed that both fresh and decellularized lenticules could significantly promote the proliferation of MSCs, compared to that in control (P=0.02 for fresh lenticules, P=0.001 for decellularize ones, respectively). The MSCs seeded on both lenticules were positive for cytokeratin 3 (CK3) staining. The expression of CK3 increased 5-fold in MSCs seeded on fresh lenticules and 18-fold on decellularized ones, compared to that in control. There was a significant difference in the expression of CK3 in MSCs seeded on fresh and decellularized lenticules (P<0.001). The expression of CK8 and CK18 was similar in pure MSCs and MSCs seeded on fresh lenticules (P>0.05), while the expression of these markers was decreased in MSCs seeded on decellularized ones. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the decellularized lenticules might be more suitable for MSCs to differentiate into corneal epithelial cells, which offers the prospect of a novel therapeutic modality of SMILE-derived lenticules in regenerative corneal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ye-Wei Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kelly Young
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida 33125, USA
| | - Wei-Tao Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Zheng J, Huang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qin Q, Lin L, Jin X, Lam C, Zhang J. Short‐term results of acellular porcine corneal stroma keratoplasty for herpes simplex keratitis. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12509. [PMID: 30968461 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zheng
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yi Wang
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Qiyu Qin
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lin Lin
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ching Lam
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Jinnan Zhang
- China Regenerative Medicine International Limited Wanchai Hong Kong
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28
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Haagdorens M, Cėpla V, Melsbach E, Koivusalo L, Skottman H, Griffith M, Valiokas R, Zakaria N, Pintelon I, Tassignon MJ. In Vitro Cultivation of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells on Surface-Modified Crosslinked Collagen Scaffolds. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7867613. [PMID: 31065280 PMCID: PMC6466865 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7867613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of recombinant human collagen type I (RHC I) and collagen-like peptide (CLP) hydrogels as alternative carrier substrates for the cultivation of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) under xeno-free culture conditions. METHODS Human LESC were cultivated on seven different collagen-derived hydrogels: (1) unmodified RHC I, (2) fibronectin-patterned RHC I, (3) carbodiimide-crosslinked CLP (CLP-12 EDC), (4) DMTMM- (4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium-) crosslinked CLP (CLP-12), (5) fibronectin-patterned CLP-12, (6) "3D limbal niche-mimicking" CLP-12, and (7) DMTMM-crosslinked CLP made from higher CLP concentration solution. Cell proliferation, cell morphology, and expression of LESC markers were analyzed. All data were compared to cultures on human amniotic membrane (HAM). RESULTS Human LESC were successfully cultivated on six out of seven hydrogel formulations, with primary cell cultures on CLP-12 EDC being deemed unsuccessful since the area of outgrowth did not meet quality standards (i.e., inconsistence in outgrowth and confluence) after 14 days of culture. Upon confluence, primary LESC showed high expression of the stem cell marker ΔNp63, proliferation marker cytokeratin (KRT) 14, adhesion markers integrin-β4 and E-cadherin, and LESC-specific extracellular matrix proteins laminin-α1, and collagen type IV. Cells showed low expression of differentiation markers KRT3 and desmoglein 3 (DSG3). Significantly higher gene expression of KRT3 was observed for cells cultured on CLP hydrogels compared to RHC I and HAM. Surface patterning of hydrogels influenced the pattern of proliferation but had no significant effect on the phenotype or genotype of cultures. Overall, the performance of RHC I and DMTMM-crosslinked CLP hydrogels was equivalent to that of HAM. CONCLUSION RHC I and DMTMM-crosslinked CLP hydrogels, irrespective of surface modification, support successful cultivation of primary human LESC using a xeno-free cultivation protocol. The regenerated epithelium maintained similar characteristics to HAM-based cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Haagdorens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, T building, T4-Ophthalmology, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vytautas Cėpla
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Ferentis UAB, Savanorių 235, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eline Melsbach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, CCRG-Oogheelkunde, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Laura Koivusalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Finland
| | - May Griffith
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 4B3
| | - Ramūnas Valiokas
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Ferentis UAB, Savanorių 235, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nadia Zakaria
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, T building, T4-Ophthalmology, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, CCRG-Oogheelkunde, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp University, Campus Drie Eiken, T building, T1-Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie-José Tassignon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, T building, T4-Ophthalmology, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
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Yazdani M, Shahdadfar A, Jackson CJ, Utheim TP. Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds for Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation: A Review. Cells 2019; 8:E245. [PMID: 30875861 PMCID: PMC6468750 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), also termed hyaluronic acid or hyaluronate, is a major component of the extracellular matrix. This non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan plays a key role in cell proliferation, growth, survival, polarization, and differentiation. The diverse biological roles of HA are linked to the combination of HA's physicochemical properties and HA-binding proteins. These unique characteristics have encouraged the application of HA-based hydrogel scaffolds for stem cell-based therapy, a successful method in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). This condition occurs following direct damage to limbal stem cells and/or changes in the limbal stem cell niche microenvironment due to intrinsic and extrinsic insults. This paper reviews the physical properties, synthesis, and degradation of HA. In addition, the interaction of HA with other extracellular matrix (ECM) components and receptor proteins are discussed. Finally, studies employing HA-based hydrogel scaffolds in the treatment of LSCD are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aboulghassem Shahdadfar
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Catherine Joan Jackson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3019 Drammen, Norway.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, 4604 Arendal, Norway.
- National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of South Eastern Norway, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
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Poly-l/dl-lactic acid films functionalized with collagen IV as carrier substrata for corneal epithelial stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:121-129. [PMID: 30716697 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are responsible for the renewal of corneal epithelium. Cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation is the current treatment of choice for restoring the loss or dysfunction of LESCs. To perform this procedure, a substratum is necessary for in vitro culturing of limbal epithelial cells and their subsequent transplantation onto the ocular surface. In this work, we evaluated poly-L/DL-lactic acid 70:30 (PLA) films functionalized with type IV collagen (col IV) as potential in vitro carrier substrata for LESCs. We first demonstrated that PLA-col IV films were biocompatible and suitable for the proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells. Subsequently, limbal epithelial cell suspensions, isolated from human limbal rings, were cultivated using culture medium that did not contain animal components. The cells adhered significantly faster to PLA-col IV films than to tissue culture plastic (TCP). The mRNA expression levels for the LESC specific markers, K15, P63α and ABCG2 were similar or greater (significantly in the case of K15) in limbal epithelial cells cultured on PLA-col IV films than limbal epithelial cells cultured on TCP. The percentage of cells expressing the corneal (K3, K12) and the LESC (P63α, ABCG2) specific markers was similar for both substrata. These results suggest that the PLA-col IV films promoted LESC attachment and helped to maintain their undifferentiated stem cell phenotype. Consequently, these substrata offer an alternative for the transplantation of limbal cells onto the ocular surface.
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DERELI CAN GAMZE, AKDERE ÖZGEEKIN, CAN MEHMETEROL, GÜMÜŞDERELIOĞLU MENEMŞE. A simple and efficient method for cultivation of limbal explant stem cells with clinically safe potential. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:83-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marzec E, Pietrucha K. Selecting the correct scaffold model for assessing of the dielectric response of collagen-based biomaterials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:506-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bobba S, Di Girolamo N, Munsie M, Chen F, Pébay A, Harkin D, Hewitt AW, O'Connor M, McLenachan S, Shadforth AMA, Watson SL. The current state of stem cell therapy for ocular disease. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:65-75. [PMID: 30029023 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we review the safety, efficacy, regulatory standards and ethical implications of the use of stem cells in ocular disease. A literature review was conducted, registered clinical trials reviewed, and expert opinions sought. Guidelines and codes of conduct from international societies and professional bodies were also reviewed. Collated data is presented on current progress in the field of ocular regenerative medicine, future challenges, the clinical trial process and ethical considerations in stem cell therapy. A greater understanding of the function and location of ocular stem cells has led to rapid advances in possible therapeutic applications. However, in the context of significant technical challenges and potential long-term complications, it is imperative that stem cell practices operate within formal clinical trial frameworks. While there remains broad scope for innovation, ongoing evidence-based review of potential interventions and the development of standardized protocols are necessary to ensure patient safety and best practice in ophthalmic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bobba
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, 2031, Australia.
| | - Nick Di Girolamo
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Megan Munsie
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fred Chen
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7/32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Damien Harkin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7/32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Churchill Avenue, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Michael O'Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Victoria Road Parramatta, New South Wales, Parramatta, 2150, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Audra M A Shadforth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Watson
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia; Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.
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Guo ZH, Zhang W, Jia YYS, Liu QX, Li ZF, Lin JS. An Insight into the Difficulties in the Discovery of Specific Biomarkers of Limbal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071982. [PMID: 29986467 PMCID: PMC6073450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keeping the integrity and transparency of the cornea is the most important issue to ensure normal vision. There are more than 10 million patients going blind due to the cornea diseases worldwide. One of the effective ways to cure corneal diseases is corneal transplantation. Currently, donations are the main source of corneas for transplantation, but immune rejection and a shortage of donor corneas are still serious problems. Graft rejection could cause transplanted cornea opacity to fail. Therefore, bioengineer-based corneas become a new source for corneal transplantation. Limbal stem cells (LSCs) are located at the basal layer in the epithelial palisades of Vogt, which serve a homeostatic function for the cornea epithelium and repair the damaged cornea. LSC-based transplantation is one of the hot topics currently. Clinical data showed that the ratio of LSCs to total candidate cells for a transplantation has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the transplantation. It indicates that it is very important to accurately identify the LSCs. To date, several putative biomarkers of LSCs have been widely reported, whereas their specificity is controversial. As reported, the identification of LSCs is based on the characteristics of stem cells, such as a nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio (N/C) ≥ 0.7, label-retaining, and side population (SP) phenotype. Here, we review recently published data to provide an insight into the circumstances in the study of LSC biomarkers. The particularities of limbus anatomy and histochemistry, the limits of the current technology level for LSC isolation, the heterogeneity of LSCs and the influence of enzyme digestion are discussed. Practical approaches are proposed in order to overcome the difficulties in basic and applied research for LSC-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hou Guo
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | | | - Qing Xiu Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Zhao Fa Li
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Jun Sheng Lin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
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