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Singh K, Kaur A, Goyal B, Goyal D. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Peptides for Synergistic Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Targeting Aβ Aggregation, Metal-Mediated Aβ Aggregation, Cholinesterase, Tau Degradation, and Oxidative Stress. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2545-2564. [PMID: 38979773 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive multifaceted neurodegenerative disease and remains a formidable global health challenge. The current medication for AD gives symptomatic relief and, thus, urges us to look for alternative disease-modifying therapies based on a multitarget directed approach. Looking at the remarkable progress made in peptide drug development in the last decade and the benefits associated with peptides, they offer valuable chemotypes [multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs)] as AD therapeutics. This review recapitulates the current developments made in harnessing peptides as MTDLs in combating AD by targeting multiple key pathways involved in the disease's progression. The peptides hold immense potential and represent a convincing avenue in the pursuit of novel AD therapeutics. While hurdles remain, ongoing research offers hope that peptides may eventually provide a multifaceted approach to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljot Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140406 Punjab, India
| | - Anupamjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140406 Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, 147004 Punjab, India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Sector 10, Chandigarh 160011, India
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Wang W, Lin X, Dong X, Sun Y. A multi-target theranostic nano-composite against Alzheimer's disease fabricated by conjugating carbon dots and triple-functionalized human serum albumin. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:298-309. [PMID: 35732234 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the aggregation and accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) as well as elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which requires the development of comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this work, a multifunctional theranostic nano-composite (HSA-BFP@CDs) is constructed by conjugating triple-functionalized human serum albumin (HSA-BFP) as a theranostic agent targeting Aβ and carbon dots (CDs) as an ROS scavenger. HSA-BFP@CDs exhibits a fluorescence "off-on" effect at 700 nm upon interaction with Aβ aggregates, showing the capability for detection of Aβ plaques and potential for early diagnosis of AD. Besides, HSA-BFP@CDs effectively inhibits the aggregation of Aβ, increasing the viability of Aβ-treated cells from 74% to over 95% at 100 µg/mL. Moreover, multiple ROS, including hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and Aβ-Cu2+-induced-ROS, can be scavenged by HSA-BFP@CDs, thus resulting in the mitigation of cellular oxidative damages. Experiments with the AD model of Caenorhabditis elegans further demonstrate the multifunctionality of HSA-BFP@CDs in imaging amyloid plaques, reducing Aβ deposition, and relieving oxidative stress in vivo, showing the prospect for Aβ- and ROS-targeted AD diagnosis and treatment. This work provided new insight into the design of protein-carbon dots conjugate and the development of multi-target therapy of AD. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which currently affects over 55 million people worldwide. Due to the complex pathogenesis of AD involving amyloid β-protein (Aβ) aggregation as well as elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), it is highly desired to develop comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this paper, we fabricated a multifunctional theranostic nano-composite (HSA-BFP@CDs) via the conjugation of triple-functionalized human serum albumin (HSA-BFP) and carbon dots (CDs). The multifunctionality of HSA-BFP@CDs for efficient detection of Aβ aggregates and inhibition of Aβ aggregation as well as scavenging of ROS was demonstrated, demonstrating the potential of the protein-carbon dots conjugate for the multi-target therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoding Lin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Wang S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Neil Waterhouse GI, Zheng L, Su G, Zhao M. Effects of food-derived bioactive peptides on cognitive deficits and memory decline in neurodegenerative diseases: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Breaker peptides against amyloid-β aggregation: a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1767-1794. [PMID: 34498978 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which blocking the early steps of extracellular misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is a promising therapeutic approach. However, the pathological features of AD progression include the accumulation of intracellular tau protein, membrane-catalyzed cell death and the abnormal deposition of Aβ. Here, we focus on anti-amyloid breaker peptides derived from the Aβ sequence and non-Aβ-based peptides containing both natural and modified amino acids. Critical aspects of the breaker peptides include N-methylation, conformational restriction through cyclization, incorporation of unnatural amino acid, fluorinated molecules, polymeric nanoparticles and PEGylation. This review confers a general idea of such breaker peptides with in vitro and in vivo studies, which may advance our understanding of AD pathology and develop an effective treatment strategy against AD.
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Choi DH, Kwon KC, Hwang DJ, Koo JH, Um HS, Song HS, Kim JS, Jang Y, Cho JY. Treadmill Exercise Alleviates Brain Iron Dyshomeostasis Accelerating Neuronal Amyloid-β Production, Neuronal Cell Death, and Cognitive Impairment in Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3208-3223. [PMID: 33641078 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain iron increases with age and abnormal brain iron metabolism is proving increasingly likely to be involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The iron-regulatory effect of furin, a ubiquitously expressed proconvertase, might play an important role in AD. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the effect of furin on iron regulation in AD. For that purpose, we aimed to determine the role of physical exercise in AD associated with brain iron dyshomeostasis. Treadmill exercise attenuated the AD-related abnormal brain iron regulation by furin in vivo, as demonstrated via experiments in aged APP-C105 mice. Next, we examined whether treadmill exercise decreases excessive iron, directly affecting amyloid-β (Aβ) production through the regulation of α-secretase-dependent processing of amyloid protein precursor (APP) involved in the modulation of furin activity. We first observed that cognitive decline and Aβ-induced neuronal cell death were induced by disruption of APP processing via excess iron-induced disruption of furin activity in aged APP-C105 mice. The induced cognitive decline and cell death were attenuated by treadmill exercise. This result suggests that treadmill exercise alleviated cognitive decline and Aβ-induced neuronal cell death by promoting α-secretase-dependent processing of APP through low iron-induced enhancement of furin activity. This is concomitant with decreasing levels of lipid peroxidation products and promoting antioxidant defense enzyme capacities. Therefore, iron-targeted therapeutic strategies involving treadmill exercise might be useful for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Choi
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chun Kwon
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Hwang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Koo
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seob Um
- Department of Sport Medicine, Kon-Yang University, 119 Daehangro, Nonsan, Chungnam, 320-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sun Song
- Korea Institute of Sport Science, 727 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01794, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of physical Education, Jung-Won University, 85 Munmu-ro Goesan-eup Goesan-gun, Chungbuk, 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchul Jang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang W, Zhao G, Dong X, Sun Y. Unexpected Function of a Heptapeptide-Conjugated Zwitterionic Polymer that Coassembles into β-Amyloid Fibrils and Eliminates the Amyloid Cytotoxicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18089-18099. [PMID: 33829756 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillogenesis of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is pathologically associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), so modulating Aβ aggregation is crucial for AD prevention and treatment. Herein, a zwitterionic polymer with short dimethyl side chains (pID) is synthesized and conjugated with a heptapeptide inhibitor (Ac-LVFFARK-NH2, LK7) to construct zwitterionic polymer-inhibitor conjugates for enhanced inhibition of Aβ aggregation. However, it is unexpectedly found that the LK7@pID conjugates remarkably promote Aβ fibrillization to form more fibrils than the free Aβ system but effectively eliminate Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. Such an unusual behavior of the LK7@pID conjugates is unraveled by extensive mechanistic studies. First, the hydrophobic environment within the assembled micelles of LK7@pID promotes the hydrophobic interaction between Aβ molecules and LK7@pID, which triggers Aβ aggregation at the very beginning, making fibrillization occur at an earlier stage. Second, in the aggregation process, the LK7@pID micelles disassemble by the intensive interactions with Aβ, and LK7@pID participates in the fibrillization by being embedded in the Aβ fibrils, leading to the formation of hybrid and heterogeneous fibrillar aggregates with a different structure than normal Aβ fibrils. This unique Trojan horse-like feature of LK7@pID conjugates has not been observed for any other inhibitors reported previously and may shed light on the design of new modulators against β-amyloid cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guangfu Zhao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Liu W, Dong X, Liu Y, Sun Y. Photoresponsive materials for intensified modulation of Alzheimer's amyloid-β protein aggregation: A review. Acta Biomater 2021; 123:93-109. [PMID: 33465508 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal self-assembly of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) into toxic aggregates is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Modulation of Aβ fibrillization with pharmacological modalities has become an active field of research, which aims to mitigate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and ameliorate impaired recognition. Among the various strategies for AD treatment, phototherapy, including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photoresponsive release systems have attracted increased attention because of the spatiotemporal controllability. Under the irradiation of light, the heat or reactive oxygen species generated by photothermal or photodynamic processes significantly enhances the efficacy of the inhibitor or modulator, and the "caged" drug can be accurately released at the intended site, thus avoiding adverse effects. This review, from a viewpoint of materials, focuses on the recent advances in modulating Aβ aggregation by light that irradiates on the materials that function on modulating Aβ aggregation. Representative examples of PTT, PDT, and photoresponsive drug release systems are discussed in terms of inhibitory mechanism, the unique properties of materials, and the design of modulators. The major challenges of phototherapy against AD are addressed and the promising prospects are proposed. It is concluded that the noninvasive light-assisted approaches will become a promising strategy for intensifying the modulation of Aβ aggregation and thus facilitating AD treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the hallmark of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) deposition is affecting more than 50 million people globally. It is urgent to explore intelligent materials to modulate Aβ aggregation. This review summarizes the intensified modulation of Aβ aggregation by a variety of photoresponsive materials including photothermal, photosensitizing and photoresponsive release materials, focusing on their characteristics and functionalities. We believe this review would arouse more interest in the research field of stimuli-responsive materials and promote their clinical applications in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Zhou J, Jangili P, Son S, Ji MS, Won M, Kim JS. Fluorescent Diagnostic Probes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001945. [PMID: 32902000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating disorders that feature progressive and selective loss of function or structure of anatomically or physiologically associated neuronal systems. Both chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality along with the death of neurons in different areas of the brain; moreover, there are few or no effective curative therapy options for treating these disorders. There is an urgent need to diagnose neurodegenerative disease as early as possible, and to distinguish between different disorders with overlapping symptoms that will help to decide the best clinical treatment. Recently, in neurodegenerative disease research, fluorescent-probe-mediated biomarker visualization techniques have been gaining increasing attention for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. A survey of fluorescent probes for sensing and imaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases is provided. These imaging probes are categorized based on the different potential biomarkers of various neurodegenerative diseases, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Guides to develop new sensing strategies, recognition mechanisms, as well as the ideal features to further improve neurodegenerative disease fluorescence imaging are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Paramesh Jangili
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Subin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Myung Sun Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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Micera A, Bruno L, Cacciamani A, Rongioletti M, Squitti R. Alzheimer's Disease and Retinal Degeneration: A Glimpse at Essential Trace Metals in Ocular Fluids and Tissues. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:1073-1083. [PMID: 31642780 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191023114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy is increasing all over the world, although neurodegenerative disorders might drastically affect the individual activity of aged people. Of those, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most social-cost age-linked diseases of industrialized countries. To date, retinal diseases seem to be more common in the developing world and characterize principally aged people. Agerelated Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative retinal disease that shares several clinical and pathological features with AD, including stress stimuli such as oxidative stress, inflammation and amyloid formations. METHODS In both diseases, the detrimental intra/extra-cellular deposits have many similarities. Aging, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, arteriosclerosis and smoking are risk factors to develop both diseases. Cellular aging routes have similar organelle and signaling patterns in retina and brain. The possibility to find out new research strategies represent a step forward to disclose potential treatment for both of them. Essential trace metals play critical roles in both physiological and pathological condition of retina, optic nerve and brain, by influencing metabolic processes chiefly upon complex multifactorial pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Hence, this review addresses current knowledge about some up-to-date investigated essential trace metals associated with AD and AMD. Changes in the levels of systemic and ocular fluid essential metals might reflect the early stages of AMD, possibly disclosing neurodegeneration pathways shared with AD, which might open to potential early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bruno
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cacciamani
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, BS, Italy
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Alzheimer's Disease Pharmacotherapy in Relation to Cholinergic System Involvement. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010040. [PMID: 31888102 PMCID: PMC7022522 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease, a major and increasing global health challenge, is an irreversible, progressive form of dementia, associated with an ongoing decline of brain functioning. The etiology of this disease is not completely understood, and no safe and effective anti-Alzheimer’s disease drug to prevent, stop, or reverse its evolution is currently available. Current pharmacotherapy concentrated on drugs that aimed to improve the cerebral acetylcholine levels by facilitating cholinergic neurotransmission through inhibiting cholinesterase. These compounds, recognized as cholinesterase inhibitors, offer a viable target across key sign domains of Alzheimer’s disease, but have a modest influence on improving the progression of this condition. In this paper, we sought to highlight the current understanding of the cholinergic system involvement in Alzheimer’s disease progression in relation to the recent status of the available cholinesterase inhibitors as effective therapeutics.
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Jokar S, Khazaei S, Behnammanesh H, Shamloo A, Erfani M, Beiki D, Bavi O. Recent advances in the design and applications of amyloid-β peptide aggregation inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:10.1007/s12551-019-00606-2. [PMID: 31713720 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurological disorder that progresses gradually and can cause severe cognitive and behavioral impairments. This disease is currently considered a social and economic incurable issue due to its complicated and multifactorial characteristics. Despite decades of extensive research, we still lack definitive AD diagnostic and effective therapeutic tools. Consequently, one of the most challenging subjects in modern medicine is the need for the development of new strategies for the treatment of AD. A large body of evidence indicates that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide fibrillation plays a key role in the onset and progression of AD. Recent studies have reported that amyloid hypothesis-based treatments can be developed as a new approach to overcome the limitations and challenges associated with conventional AD therapeutics. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive view of the challenges in AD therapy and pathophysiology. We also discuss currently known compounds that can inhibit amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and their potential role in advancing current AD treatments. We have specifically focused on Aβ aggregation inhibitors including metal chelators, nanostructures, organic molecules, peptides (or peptide mimics), and antibodies. To date, these molecules have been the subject of numerous in vitro and in vivo assays as well as molecular dynamics simulations to explore their mechanism of action and the fundamental structural groups involved in Aβ aggregation. Ultimately, the aim of these studies (and current review) is to achieve a rational design for effective therapeutic agents for AD treatment and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Jokar
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX: 14155-6559, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Khazaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials , Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX: 14155-6559, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Behnammanesh
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX: 14155-6559, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box: 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Erfani
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box: 14155-1339, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX: 14155-6559, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Bavi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, P.O. Box: 71555-313, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ştefănescu R, Stanciu GD, Luca A, Caba IC, Tamba BI, Mihai CT. Contributions of Mass Spectrometry to the Identification of Low Molecular Weight Molecules Able to Reduce the Toxicity of Amyloid-β Peptide to Cell Cultures and Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:E1167. [PMID: 30909659 PMCID: PMC6471768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease affects approximately 33 million people worldwide and is characterized by progressive loss of memory at the cognitive level. The formation of toxic amyloid oligomers, extracellular amyloid plaques and amyloid angiopathy in brain by amyloid beta peptides are considered a part of the identified mechanism involved in disease pathogenesis. The optimal treatment approach leads toward finding a chemical compound able to form a noncovalent complex with the amyloid peptide thus blocking the process of amyloid aggregation. This direction gained an increasing interest lately, many studies demonstrating that mass spectrometry is a valuable method useful for the identification and characterization of such molecules able to interact with amyloid peptides. In the present review we aim to identify in the scientific literature low molecular weight chemical compounds for which there is mass spectrometric evidence of noncovalent complex formation with amyloid peptides and also there are toxicity reduction results which verify the effects of these compounds on amyloid beta toxicity towards cell cultures and transgenic mouse models developing Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ştefănescu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Gabriela Dumitriṭa Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Andrei Luca
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Ioana Cezara Caba
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universităṭii Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Teodor Mihai
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
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Ma S, Qiang J, Li L, Mo Y, She M, Yang Z, Liu P, Zhang S, Li J. An efficient biosensor for monitoring Alzheimer's disease risk factors: modulation and disaggregation of the Aβ aggregation process. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient biosensor to monitor Alzheimer's disease risk factors and inhibit Alzheimer's disease by disaggregating Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Jiabao Qiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Linyang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Mo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Xi’an University of Science and Technology
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
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14
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Heteromultivalent peptide recognition by co-assembly of cyclodextrin and calixarene amphiphiles enables inhibition of amyloid fibrillation. Nat Chem 2018; 11:86-93. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Interaction of Amyloid Aβ(9–16) Peptide Fragment with Metal Ions: CD, FT-IR, and Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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