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Mahayri R, Bousnina MA, Mercone S, Tan KL, Morelle JM, Schoenstein F, Jouini N. The Polyol Process and the Synthesis of ζ Intermetallic Compound Ag 5Sn 0.9. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8276. [PMID: 36431761 PMCID: PMC9695861 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present work concerns the intermetallic compound (IMC) existing in the Ag-Sn system and its potential use in electronics as attachment materials allowing the adhesion of the chip to the substrate forming the power module. First, we present the synthesis protocol in polyol medium of a compound with the chemical formula Ag5Sn0.9 belonging to the solid solution of composition located between 9 and 16 at.% Sn, known as solid solution ζ (or ζ-Ag4Sn). This phase corresponds to the peritectic invariant point at 724 °C. Differential thermal analysis and X-ray dispersive analysis confirm the single-phased (monocrystalline) nature of the Ag5Sn0.9 powder issued after synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy shows that Ag5Sn0.9 particles are spherical, and range in submicronic size of around 0.18 μm. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the ζ phase mostly exists under the two allotropic varieties (orthorhombic symmetry and hexagonal symmetry) with however a slight excess of the hexagonal variety (60% for the hexagonal variety and 40% for the orthorhombic variety). The lattice parameters resulting from this study for the two allotropic varieties are in good agreement with the Hume-Rothery rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Mahayri
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (UPR3407), CNRS-USPN, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Mohammed Ali Bousnina
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (UPR3407), CNRS-USPN, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Silvana Mercone
- GREMAN UMR7347—CNRS, Université de Tours, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Ky-Lim Tan
- Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteurs SAS, 2 rue André Boulle, BP 150, 94017 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Michel Morelle
- Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteurs SAS, 2 rue André Boulle, BP 150, 94017 Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Schoenstein
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (UPR3407), CNRS-USPN, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Noureddine Jouini
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (UPR3407), CNRS-USPN, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
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Cheng Z, Xu Y, Wang X, Xie Q, Liu H, Shao Y, Xia D, Chu C, Feng F, Bai J. Effect of Cu and Mg addition on the mechanical and degradation properties of Zn alloy wires. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:891-902. [DOI: 10.1177/08853282221123934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Zn-xCu (-0.1 Mg) wires with a diameter of 0.3 mm were obtained by hot extrusion and cold drawing. The microstructures, mechanical properties, and degradation behaviour were investigated to evaluate their feasibility as biodegradable metals. During the drawing process of the Zn-xCu alloys, many granular CuZn5 phases were dynamically precipitated, and the grains were significantly refined, along with a significant work softening with the tensile strength decreasing and the elongation increasing (from 161 MPa to 92 MPa and 22%–103% for Zn-0.2Cu). With the increase of Cu additions, the phenomenon of work softening was more intense and there was an opposite trend in the strength changes between the as-extruded rods (increase) and as-drawn wires (decrease). With 0.1 wt.% Mg added, the stable rod-like Mg2Zn11 phase was formed in as-extruded Zn-xCu-0.1 Mg rods, which obviously improved the strength, and inhibited the dynamic precipitation of granular CuZn5 phase and work softening phenomenon in the drawing process (from 332 MPa to 313 MPa and 11%–46% for Zn-0.2Cu-0.1 Mg). In addition, due to the micro-galvanic effect induced by the precipitates, alloying accelerated the degradation of Zn alloy wires, especially Zn-1Cu-0.1 Mg, which was related to the shape, distribution, and potential of the phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Cheng
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Devices (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Huan Liu
- Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Devices (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
| | - Dandan Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Feng Feng
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Devices (Suzhou), Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Light Metal Alloys, Nanjing, China
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Finite Element Analysis of Fluid–Structure Interaction in a Model of an L-Type Mg Alloy Stent-Stenosed Coronary Artery System. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The coronary stent deployment and subsequent service process is a complex geometric/physical nonlinear and fluid–structure coupling system. Analyzing the distribution of stress–strain on the stent is of great significance in studying the deformation and failure behavior. A coupled system dynamics model comprising stenotic coronary artery vessels and L-type Mg alloy stents was established by applying the polynomial hyperelastic constitutive theory. The nonlinear, significant deformation behavior of the stent was systematically studied. The stress–strain distribution of the coupling system during stent deployment was analyzed. The simulation results show that the edges of the supporting body fixed without a bridge are the weakest zone. The stress changes on the inside of the wave of the supporting body are very large, and the residual stress accumulated in this area is the highest. The peak stress of the plaque and the arterial wall was lower than the damage threshold. The velocity of the blood between the wave crest of the supporting body is large and the streamline distribution is concentrated. In addition, the inner surface pressure on the stent is evenly distributed along its axial dimension. The maximum arterial wall shear stress always appears on the inside of the wave crest of the supporting body fixed with a bridge, and, as such, the largest obstacle to the blood flow is in this zone.
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Fan Q, Bao G, Ge D, Wang K, Sun M, Liu T, Liu J, Zhang Z, Xu X, Xu X, He B, Rao J, Zheng Y. Effective easing of the side effects of copper intrauterine devices using ultra-fine-grained Cu-0.4Mg alloy. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:523-539. [PMID: 33905947 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copper intrauterine device is one of the most adopted contraceptive methods with high effectiveness (over 99 %), low cost, spontaneous reversibility and long-lasting usage. However, the side effects induced from the initial burst release of copper ions (Cu2+) hinder the continuation of the Cu-IUD made of Coarse-Grained Copper (CG Cu). We proposed to tailor the bio-corrosion behaviors of better control of Cu2+ release via the addition of bioactive Mg into the Ultra-Fine Grained (UFG) Bulk Cu. Thus, UFG bulk Cu with 0.4 wt.% Mg was produced via equal-channel angular pressing. The microstructures of the UFG Cu-0.4Mg was observed using electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The in vitro long-term corrosion behaviors in simulated uterine fluid, cytotoxicity to four cell lines, in vivo biocompatibility and contraceptive efficacy were all studied on CG Cu, UFG Cu and UFG Cu-0.4Mg materials. The results demonstrate that both the ultrafine grains and the addition of bioactive Mg into Cu contribute to the suppression of the burst release of Cu2+ in the initial stage and the maintenance of high level Cu2+ in long-term release. Moreover, the UFG Cu-0.4Mg also exhibited much improved cell and tissue biocompatibility from both the in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Therefore, the contraceptive efficacy of UFG Cu-0.4Mg is still maintained as high as the CG Cu and UFG Cu while the side effects are significantly eased, suggesting the high potential of the UFG Cu-0.4Mg alloy as a new upgrading or alternative material for Cu-IUD. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The side effects from burst release of Cu2+ at the initial implantation stage of Cu-containing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUD) is one of the main drawbacks of these devices. In this work, an ultra-fine-grained Cu (UFG Cu) alloyed with a low amount of bioactive Mg was used for a Cu-IUD. The UFG Cu-0.4Mg alloy exhibited suppressed burst release of Cu2+ at initial implantation, while active Cu2+ release for long-term usage was maintained, comparable to coarse-grained pure Cu. Furthermore, the UFG Cu-0.4Mg alloy displayed significantly improved biocompatibility with human uterus cells and a much decreased inflammatory response within the uterus. Therefore, the side effects from Cu-IUD were eased, while high antifertility efficacy of the UFG Cu-0.4Mg alloy was maintained. The UFG Cu-0.4Mg alloy is promising for Cu-IUD.
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Bao G, Fan Q, Ge D, Wang K, Sun M, Zhang Z, Guo H, Yang H, He B, Zheng Y. In vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the feasibility of Zn-0.1Li and Zn-0.8Mg application in the uterine cavity microenvironment compared to pure zinc. Acta Biomater 2021; 123:393-406. [PMID: 33460794 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances have been achieved in the research evaluating Zn and its alloys as degradable metallic biomaterials mainly for application in bone and blood vessels. In the present study, the degradation behaviors of Zn-0.1Li and Zn-0.8Mg alloys in simulated uterine fluid (SUF) were systematically investigated for 300 days. In vitro viability assays were conducted in different uterine cells (HUSMCs, HEECs, and HESCs), and histological examination after the in vivo implantation into the uterine cavity was performed using pure Zn as control. The immersion test results indicated that both Zn-0.1Li and Zn-0.8Mg alloys exhibited better corrosion resistance than pure Zn, with Zn3(PO4)2⋅4H2O and CaZn2(PO4)2⋅2H2O being the main corrosion products detected in the SUF in addition to ZnO. The cell cytotoxicity assays revealed that Zn-0.1Li and Zn-0.8Mg exhibited better cytocompatibility than Zn. Moreover, the in vivo experiments demonstrated that the Zn-0.1Li and Zn-0.8Mg alloys induced less inflammation in the uterine tissue than pure Zn, with CaCO3 and Zn(HPO4)⋅3H2O being the major biocorrosion products in addition to ZnO. According to these results, zinc alloys appear to be suitable potential candidate materials for future intrauterine biomedical devices.
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Yu X, Li D, Liu Y, Ding P, He X, Zhao Y, Chen M, Liu D. In vitro and in vivo studies on the degradation and biosafety of Mg-Zn-Ca-Y alloy hemostatic clip with the carotid artery of SD rat model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111093. [PMID: 32600697 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An Mg-Zn-Ca-Y alloy operative clip was developed to overcome the drawbacks of the Ti clips such as ion dissolution inflammation, interference imaging diagnosis, and the potential harm that permanent retention brings to the patient. The structure optimization design of the hemostatic clip was carried out by the finite element numerical simulation method to realize the matching between the structure design and the material properties. Hot extrusion and wire cutting process was used to prepare the Mg-Zn-Ca-Y alloy operative clip. Corrosion degradation behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca-Y alloy in vitro was investigated using electrochemical noise (EN) and immersion test in Simulated body fluid (SBF). The carotid artery of SD rats was clipped using the Mg-Zn-Ca-Y operative clip to evaluate occlusion safety and the complete corrosion degradation behavior and biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Ca-Y alloy clip in vivo were investigated using micro-computed tomography, histological analysis, and blood biochemical indicators. It was found that the newly designed Mg-Zn-Ca-Y clip can successfully ligate the carotid artery, and no blood leakage occurred after surgery. After eight months, the Mg-Zn-Ca-Y clip degraded utterly. Histological analysis and various blood biochemical parameters in SD rat serum samples collected at different time periods showed no tissue inflammation around the clips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuanchao Liu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pengfei Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xianghui He
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Mechanical, Materials & Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW2522, Australia
| | - Minfang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Debao Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
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