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Cheng H, Li G, Dai J, Zhang K, Xu T, Wei L, Zhang X, Ding D, Hou J, Li J, Zhuang J, Tan K, Guo R. A fluid-structure interaction model accounting arterial vessels as a key part of the blood-flow engine for the analysis of cardiovascular diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:981187. [PMID: 36061431 PMCID: PMC9438578 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.981187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the classical Windkessel model, the heart is the only power source for blood flow, while the arterial system is assumed to be an elastic chamber that acts as a channel and buffer for blood circulation. In this paper we show that in addition to the power provided by the heart for blood circulation, strain energy stored in deformed arterial vessels in vivo can be transformed into mechanical work to propel blood flow. A quantitative relationship between the strain energy increment and functional (systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse blood pressure) and structural (stiffness, diameter and wall thickness) parameters of the aorta is described. In addition, details of blood flow across the aorta remain unclear due to changes in functional and other physiological parameters. Based on the arterial strain energy and fluid-structure interaction theory, the relationship between physiological parameters and blood supply to organs was studied, and a corresponding mathematical model was developed. The findings provided a new understanding about blood-flow circulation, that is, cardiac output allows blood to enter the aorta at an initial rate, and then strain energy stored in the elastic arteries pushes blood toward distal organs and tissues. Organ blood supply is a key factor in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD), which are caused by changes in blood supply in combination with multiple physiological parameters. Also, some physiological parameters are affected by changes in blood supply, and vice versa. The model can explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic diseases such as CCVD and hypertension among others, and the results are in good agreement with epidemiological studies of CCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Cheng
- Department of Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Heming Cheng, ; Ke Zhang,
| | - Gen Li
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jifeng Dai
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Heming Cheng, ; Ke Zhang,
| | - Tianrui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liuchuang Wei
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Dongfang Ding
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jianyun Li
- Department of Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangping Zhuang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Kaijun Tan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Department of Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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2
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ABSTRACTS (BY NUMBER). Tissue Eng Part A 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.29025.abstracts] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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3
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Liu Y, Chen C, Xie X, Yuan H, Tang Z, Qian T, Liu Y, Song M, Liu S, Lu T, Wu Z. Photooxidation and Pentagalloyl Glucose Cross-Linking Improves the Performance of Decellularized Small-Diameter Vascular Xenograft In Vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:816513. [PMID: 35402413 PMCID: PMC8987116 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.816513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts have a significant need in peripheral vascular surgery and procedures of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG); however, autografts are not always available, synthetic grafts perform poorly, and allografts and xenografts dilate, calcify, and induce inflammation after implantation. We hypothesized that cross-linking of decellularized xenogeneic vascular grafts would improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility and reduce inflammation, degradation, and calcification in vivo. To test this hypothesis, the bovine internal mammary artery (BIMA) was decellularized by detergents and ribozymes with sonication and perfusion. Photooxidation and pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) were used to cross-link the collagen and elastin fibers of decellularized xenografts. Modified grafts’ characteristics and biocompatibility were studied in vitro and in vivo; the grafts were implanted as transposition grafts in the subcutaneous of rats and the abdominal aorta of rabbits. The decellularized grafts were cross-linked by photooxidation and PGG, which improved the grafts’ biomechanical properties and biocompatibility, prevented elastic fibers from early degradation, and reduced inflammation and calcification in vivo. Short-term aortic implants in the rabbits showed collagen regeneration and differentiation of host smooth muscle cells. No occlusion and stenosis occurred due to remodeling and stabilization of the neointima. A good patency rate (100%) was maintained. Notably, implantation of non-treated grafts exhibited marked thrombosis, an inflammatory response, calcification, and elastin degeneration. Thus, photooxidation and PGG cross-linking are potential tools for improving grafts’ biological performance within decellularized small-diameter vascular xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinlong Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyong Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenjie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhe Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Lu, ; Zhongshi Wu,
| | - Zhongshi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Lu, ; Zhongshi Wu,
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4
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Ozudogru E, Isik M, Eylem CC, Nemutlu E, Arslan YE, Derkus B. Decellularized spinal cord meninges extracellular matrix hydrogel that supports neurogenic differentiation and vascular structure formation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:948-963. [PMID: 34463042 DOI: 10.1002/term.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Decellularization of extracellular matrices offers an alternative source of regenerative biomaterials that preserve biochemical structure and matrix components of native tissues. In this study, decellularized bovine spinal cord meninges (dSCM)-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel (MeninGEL) is fabricated by employing a protocol that involves physical, chemical, and enzymatic processing of spinal meninges tissue and preserves the biochemical structure of meninges. The success of decellularization is characterized by measuring the contents of residual DNA, glycosaminoglycans, and hydroxyproline, while a proteomics analysis is applied to reveal the composition of MeninGEL. Frequency and temperature sweep rheometry show that dSCM forms self-supporting hydrogel at physiological temperature. The MeninGEL possesses excellent cytocompatibility. Moreover, it is evidenced with immuno/histochemistry and gene expression studies that the hydrogel induces growth-factor free differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into neural-lineage cells. Furthermore, MeninGEL instructs human umbilical vein endothelial cells to form vascular branching. With its innate bioactivity and low batch-to-batch variation property, the MeninGEL has the potential to be an off-the-shelf product in nerve tissue regeneration and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ozudogru
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Melis Isik
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemil Can Eylem
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Bioanalytic and Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Emre Arslan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Burak Derkus
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM), Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Radvar E, Griffanti G, Tsolaki E, Bertazzo S, Nazhat SN, Addison O, Mata A, Shanahan CM, Elsharkawy S. Engineered In vitro Models for Pathological Calcification: Routes Toward Mechanistic Understanding. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Radvar
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Gabriele Griffanti
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Showan N. Nazhat
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence Cardiovascular Division James Black Centre King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Sherif Elsharkawy
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
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Dayekh K, Mequanint K. The effects of progenitor and differentiated cells on ectopic calcification of engineered vascular tissues. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:288-298. [PMID: 32853805 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic vascular calcification associated with aging, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and chronic kidney disease is a considerable risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. Although vascular smooth muscle cells are primarily implicated in calcification, the role of progenitor cells is less known. In this study, we engineered tubular vascular tissues from embryonic multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells either without differentiating or after differentiating them into smooth muscle cells and studied ectopic calcification through targeted gene analysis. Tissues derived from both differentiated and undifferentiated cells calcified in response to hyperphosphatemic inorganic phosphate (Pi) treatment suggesting that a single cell-type (progenitor cells or differentiated cells) may not be the sole cause of the process. We also demonstrated that Vitamin K, which is the matrix gla protein activator, had a protective role against calcification in engineered vascular tissues. Addition of partially-soluble elastin upregulated osteogenic marker genes suggesting a calcification process. Furthermore, partially-soluble elastin downregulated smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (Myh11) gene which is a late-stage differentiation marker. This latter point, in turn, suggests that SMC may be switching into a synthetic phenotype which is one feature of vascular calcification. Taken together, our approach presents a valuable tool to study ectopic calcification and associated gene expressions relevant to clinical therapeutic targets.
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Syedain ZH, Maciver R, Tranquillo RT. Vascular grafts and valves that animate, made from decellularized biologically-engineered tissue tubes. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 61:577-585. [PMID: 32964902 DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.20.11615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biologically-engineered matrix - a tissue that is grown in vitro from donor cells, decellularized, and stored prior to use as off-the-shelf allografts - offers a promising alternative to current cardiovascular biomaterials. This perspective reviews preclinical studies and clinical trials of vascular grafts and valves comprising biologically-engineered matrix, with a focus on those based on donor dermal fibroblast remodeling of fibrin gel with the capacity to heal and grow following recellularization, via animation of the matrix. It concludes with a discussion of related key clinical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan H Syedain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robroy Maciver
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert T Tranquillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA - .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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