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Soleymani H, Ghorbani M, Sedghi M, Allahverdi A, Naderi-Manesh H. Microfluidics single-cell encapsulation reveals that poly-l-lysine-mediated stem cell adhesion to alginate microgels is crucial for cell-cell crosstalk and its self-renewal. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133418. [PMID: 38936577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic cell encapsulation has provided a platform for studying the behavior of individual cells and has become a turning point in single-cell analysis during the last decade. The engineered microenvironment, along with protecting the immune response, has led to increasingly presenting the results of practical and pre-clinical studies with the goals of disease treatment, tissue engineering, intelligent control of stem cell differentiation, and regenerative medicine. However, the significance of cell-substrate interaction versus cell-cell communications in the microgel is still unclear. In this study, monodisperse alginate microgels were generated using a flow-focusing microfluidic device to determine how the cell microenvironment can control human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) viability, proliferation, and biomechanical features in single-cell droplets versus multi-cell droplets. Collected results show insufficient cell proliferation (234 % and 329 %) in both single- and multi-cell alginate microgels. Alginate hydrogels supplemented with poly-l-lysine (PLL) showed a better proliferation rate (514 % and 780 %) in a comparison of free alginate hydrogels. Cell stiffness data illustrate that hBMSCs cultured in alginate hydrogels have higher membrane flexibility and migration potency (Young's modulus equal to 1.06 kPa), whereas PLL introduces more binding sites for cell attachment and causes lower flexibility and migration potency (Young's modulus equal to 1.83 kPa). Considering that cell adhesion is the most important parameter in tissue engineering, in which cells do not run away from a 3D substrate, PLL enhances cell stiffness and guarantees cell attachments. In conclusion, cell attachment to PLL-mediated alginate hydrogels is crucial for cell viability and proliferation. It suggests that cell-cell signaling is good enough for stem cell viability, but cell-PLL attachment alongside cell-cell signaling is crucial for stem cell proliferation and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Soleymani
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mosslim Sedghi
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154 Tehran, Iran.
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Xuan L, Hou Y, Liang L, Wu J, Fan K, Lian L, Qiu J, Miao Y, Ravanbakhsh H, Xu M, Tang G. Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:218. [PMID: 38884868 PMCID: PMC11183039 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Microgels prepared from natural or synthetic hydrogel materials have aroused extensive attention as multifunctional cells or drug carriers, that are promising for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Microgels can also be aggregated into microporous scaffolds, promoting cell infiltration and proliferation for tissue repair. This review gives an overview of recent developments in the fabrication techniques and applications of microgels. A series of conventional and novel strategies including emulsification, microfluidic, lithography, electrospray, centrifugation, gas-shearing, three-dimensional bioprinting, etc. are discussed in depth. The characteristics and applications of microgels and microgel-based scaffolds for cell culture and delivery are elaborated with an emphasis on the advantages of these carriers in cell therapy. Additionally, we expound on the ongoing and foreseeable applications and current limitations of microgels and their aggregate in the field of biomedical engineering. Through stimulating innovative ideas, the present review paves new avenues for expanding the application of microgels in cell delivery techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Xuan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Hou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Fan
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Lian
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingling Miao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Hossein Ravanbakhsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
| | - Mingen Xu
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guosheng Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zheng F, Tian R, Lu H, Liang X, Shafiq M, Uchida S, Chen H, Ma M. Droplet Microfluidics Powered Hydrogel Microparticles for Stem Cell-Mediated Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401400. [PMID: 38881184 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell-related therapeutic technologies have garnered significant attention of the research community for their multi-faceted applications. To promote the therapeutic effects of stem cells, the strategies for cell microencapsulation in hydrogel microparticles have been widely explored, as the hydrogel microparticles have the potential to facilitate oxygen diffusion and nutrient transport alongside their ability to promote crucial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Despite their significant promise, there is an acute shortage of automated, standardized, and reproducible platforms to further stem cell-related research. Microfluidics offers an intriguing platform to produce stem cell-laden hydrogel microparticles (SCHMs) owing to its ability to manipulate the fluids at the micrometer scale as well as precisely control the structure and composition of microparticles. In this review, the typical biomaterials and crosslinking methods for microfluidic encapsulation of stem cells as well as the progress in droplet-based microfluidics for the fabrication of SCHMs are outlined. Moreover, the important biomedical applications of SCHMs are highlighted, including regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, scale-up production of stem cells, and microenvironmental simulation for fundamental cell studies. Overall, microfluidics holds tremendous potential for enabling the production of diverse hydrogel microparticles and is worthy for various stem cell-related biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hangrong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Si H, Chen Y, Jiang K, Ma K, Ramsey E, Oakey J, Sun M, Jiang Z. Deterministic Single-Cell Encapsulation in PEG Norbornene Microgels for Promoting Anti-Inflammatory Response and Therapeutic Delivery of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304386. [PMID: 38373601 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering at single-cell resolution has enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Droplet microfluidics offers a powerful platform that allows deterministic single-cell encapsulation into aqueous droplets, yet the direct encapsulation of cells into microgels remains challenging. Here, the design of a microfluidic device that is capable of single-cell encapsulation within polyethylene glycol norbornene (PEGNB) hydrogels on-chip is reported. Cells are first ordered in media within a straight microchannel via inertial focusing, followed by the introduction of PEGNB solution from two separate, converging channels. Droplets are thoroughly mixed by passage through a serpentine channel, and microgels are formed by photo-photopolymerization. This platform uniquely enables both single-cell encapsulation and excellent cell viability post-photo-polymerization. More than 90% of singly encapsulated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) remain alive for 7 days. Notably, singly encapsulated MSCs have elevated expression levels in genes that code anti-inflammatory cytokines, for example, IL-10 and TGF-β, thus enhancing the secretion of proteins of interest. Following injection into a mouse model with induced inflammation, singly encapsulated MSCs show a strong retention rate in vivo, reduce overall inflammation, and mitigate liver damage. These translational results indicate that deterministic single-cell encapsulation could find use in a broad spectrum of tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Si
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning, 46000, China
| | - Yuanzhuo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning, 46000, China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning, 46000, China
| | - Edward Ramsey
- Sustainable Technology Research Centre, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning, 46000, China
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning, 46000, China
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Chen S, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Li Y, Yao H, Chen S, Xie T, Lin JM. Gravity-Oriented Microfluidic Device for Biocompatible End-to-End Fabrication of Cell-Laden Microgels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306725. [PMID: 38287726 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics are extensively utilized to generate monodisperse cell-laden microgels in biomedical applications. However, maintaining cell viability is still challenging due to overexposure to harsh conditions in subsequent procedures that recover the microgels from the oil phase. Here, a gravity-oriented microfluidic device for end-to-end fabrication of cell-laden microgels is reported, which integrates dispersion, gelation, and extraction into a continuous workflow. This innovative on-chip extraction, driven by native buoyancy and kinetically facilitated by pseudosurfactant, exhibits 100% retrieval efficiency for microgels with a wide range of sizes and stiffnesses. The viability of encapsulated cells is perfectly maintained at ≈98% with minimal variations within and between batches. The end-to-end fabrication remarkably enhances the biocompatibility and practicality of microfluidics-based cell encapsulation and is promising to be compatible with various applications ranging from single-cell analysis to clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zengnan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongren Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianze Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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6
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Hao M, Xue L, Wen X, Sun L, Zhang L, Xing K, Hu X, Xu J, Xing D. Advancing bone regeneration: Unveiling the potential of 3D cell models in the evaluation of bone regenerative materials. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00288-5. [PMID: 38815683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Bone, a rigid yet regenerative tissue, has garnered extensive attention for its impressive healing abilities. Despite advancements in understanding bone repair and creating treatments for bone injuries, handling nonunions and large defects remains a major challenge in orthopedics. The rise of bone regenerative materials is transforming the approach to bone repair, offering innovative solutions for nonunions and significant defects, and thus reshaping orthopedic care. Evaluating these materials effectively is key to advancing bone tissue regeneration, especially in difficult healing scenarios, making it a critical research area. Traditional evaluation methods, including two-dimensional cell models and animal models, have limitations in predicting accurately. This has led to exploring alternative methods, like 3D cell models, which provide fresh perspectives for assessing bone materials' regenerative potential. This paper discusses various techniques for constructing 3D cell models, their pros and cons, and crucial factors to consider when using these models to evaluate bone regenerative materials. We also highlight the significance of 3D cell models in the in vitro assessments of these materials, discuss their current drawbacks and limitations, and suggest future research directions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work addresses the challenge of evaluating bone regenerative materials (BRMs) crucial for bone tissue engineering. It explores the emerging role of 3D cell models as superior alternatives to traditional methods for assessing these materials. By dissecting the construction, key factors of evaluating, advantages, limitations, and practical considerations of 3D cell models, the paper elucidates their significance in overcoming current evaluation method shortcomings. It highlights how these models offer a more physiologically relevant and ethically preferable platform for the precise assessment of BRMs. This contribution is particularly significant for "Acta Biomaterialia" readership, as it not only synthesizes current knowledge but also propels the discourse forward in the search for advanced solutions in bone tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Hao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Linyuan Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Kunyue Xing
- Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, UK
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26600, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Lin Q, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhang H, An C, Li C, Wang Q, Song J, He W, Wang H. Glycine/alginate-based piezoelectric film consisting of a single, monolithic β-glycine spherulite towards flexible and biodegradable force sensor. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae047. [PMID: 38903560 PMCID: PMC11187499 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of piezoelectric biomaterials with high piezoelectric performance, while possessing excellent flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability still remains a great challenge. Herein, a flexible, biocompatible and biodegradable piezoelectric β-glycine-alginate-glycerol (Gly-Alg-Glycerol) film with excellent in vitro and in vivo sensing performance was developed. Remarkably, a single, monolithic β-glycine spherulite, instead of more commonly observed multiple spherulites, was formed in alginate matrix, thereby resulting in outstanding piezoelectric property, including high piezoelectric constant (7.2 pC/N) and high piezoelectric sensitivity (1.97 mV/kPa). The Gly-Alg-Glycerol film exhibited superior flexibility, enabling complex shape-shifting, e.g. origami pigeon, 40% tensile strain, and repeated bending and folding deformation without fracture. In vitro, the flexible Gly-Alg-Glycerol film sensor could detect subtle pulse signal, sound wave and recognize shear stress applied from different directions. In addition, we have demonstrated that the Gly-Alg-Glycerol film sensor sealed by polylactic acid and beeswax could serve as an in vivo sensor to monitor physiological pressure signals such as heartbeat, respiration and muscle movement. Finally, the Gly-Alg-Glycerol film possessed good biocompatibility, supporting the attachment and proliferation of rat mesenchymal stromal cells, and biodegradability, thereby showing great potential as biodegradable piezoelectric biomaterials for biomedical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Luhua Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfeng An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Chengze Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Huanan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Kollampally SCR, Zhang X, Moskwa N, Nelson DA, Sharfstein ST, Larsen M, Xie Y. Evaluation of Alginate Hydrogel Microstrands for Stromal Cell Encapsulation and Maintenance. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:375. [PMID: 38671796 PMCID: PMC11048715 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have displayed potential in regenerating organ function due to their anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. However, there is a need for delivery systems to enhance MSC retention while maintaining their anti-fibrotic characteristics. This study investigates the feasibility of using alginate hydrogel microstrands as a cell delivery vehicle to maintain MSC viability and phenotype. To accommodate cell implantation needs, we invented a Syringe-in-Syringe approach to reproducibly fabricate microstrands in small numbers with a diameter of around 200 µm and a porous structure, which would allow for transporting nutrients to cells by diffusion. Using murine NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and primary embryonic 16 (E16) salivary mesenchyme cells as primary stromal cell models, we assessed cell viability, growth, and expression of mesenchymal and fibrotic markers in microstrands. Cell viability remained higher than 90% for both cell types. To determine cell number within the microstrands prior to in vivo implantation, we have further optimized the alamarBlue assay to measure viable cell growth in microstrands. We have shown the effect of initial cell seeding density and culture period on cell viability and growth to accommodate future stromal cell delivery and implantation. Additionally, we confirmed homeostatic phenotype maintenance for E16 mesenchyme cells in microstrands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Chander Reddy Kollampally
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA; (S.C.R.K.); (X.Z.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Xulang Zhang
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA; (S.C.R.K.); (X.Z.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Nicholas Moskwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; (N.M.); (D.A.N.); (M.L.)
- The Jackson Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; (N.M.); (D.A.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Susan T. Sharfstein
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA; (S.C.R.K.); (X.Z.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; (N.M.); (D.A.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Yubing Xie
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA; (S.C.R.K.); (X.Z.); (S.T.S.)
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Huang G, Shen H, Xu K, Shen Y, Jiale Jin, Chu G, Xing H, Feng Z, Wang Y. Single-Cell Microgel Encapsulation Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Inhibiting Pyroptosis. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0311. [PMID: 38371273 PMCID: PMC10871001 DOI: 10.34133/research.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) shows great potentials in treating intervertebral disc degeneration, most MSC die soon after intradiscal transplantation, resulting in inferior therapeutic efficacy. Currently, bulk hydrogels are the common solution to improve MSC survival in tissues, although hydrogel encapsulation impairs MSC migration and disrupts extracellular microenvironment. Cell hydrogel encapsulation has been proposed to overcome the limitation of traditional bulk hydrogels, yet this technique has not been used in treating disc degeneration. Using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, we fabricated alginate and gelatin microgel to encapsulate individual MSC for treating disc degeneration. The small size of microgel allowed intradiscal injection of coated MSC. We demonstrated that pyroptosis was involved in MSC death under oxidative stress stimulation, and microgel coating suppressed pyroptosis activation by maintaining mitochondria homeostasis. Microgel coating protected MSC in the harsh disc microenvironment, while retaining vital cellular functions such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In a rat model of disc degeneration, coated MSC exhibits prolonged retention in the disc and better efficacy of attenuating disc degeneration, as compared with bare MSC treatment alone. Further, microgel-coated MSC exhibited improved therapeutic effects in treating disc degeneration via suppressing the activation of pyroptosis in the disc. For the first time, microgel-encapsulated MSC was used to treat disc degeneration and obtain encouraging outcomes. The developed biocompatible single-cell hydrogel is an effective strategy to protect MSC and maintain cellular functions and may be an efficacious approach to improving the efficacy of MSC therapy in treating disc degeneration. The objective of this study is to improve the efficacy of cell therapy for treating disc degeneration using single-cell hydrogel encapsulation and further to understand related cytoprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanrui Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haotian Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kaiwang Xu
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiale Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Guangyu Chu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongyuan Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhiyun Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Habibovic P, Wang H. Advanced Synthetic Scaffolds Based on 1D Inorganic Micro-/Nanomaterials for Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302664. [PMID: 37902817 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticulate biomaterials, such as calcium phosphate and bioglass particles, with chemical compositions similar to that of the inorganic component of natural bone, and hence having excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, are widely used for the fabrication of synthetic bone graft substitutes. Growing evidence suggests that structurally anisotropic, or 1D inorganic micro-/nanobiomaterials are superior to inorganic nanoparticulate biomaterials in the context of mechanical reinforcement and construction of self-supporting 3D network structures. Therefore, in the past decades, efforts have been devoted to developing advanced synthetic scaffolds for bone regeneration using 1D micro-/nanobiomaterials as building blocks. These scaffolds feature extraordinary physical and biological properties, such as enhanced mechanical properties, super elasticity, multiscale hierarchical architecture, extracellular matrix-like fibrous microstructure, and desirable biocompatibility and bioactivity, etc. In this review, an overview of recent progress in the development of advanced scaffolds for bone regeneration is provided based on 1D inorganic micro-/nanobiomaterials with a focus on their structural design, mechanical properties, and bioactivity. The promising perspectives for future research directions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, Maastricht, 6211 LK ER, The Netherlands
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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11
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Xie R, Pal V, Yu Y, Lu X, Gao M, Liang S, Huang M, Peng W, Ozbolat IT. A comprehensive review on 3D tissue models: Biofabrication technologies and preclinical applications. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122408. [PMID: 38041911 PMCID: PMC10843844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures and animal testing, when it comes to precisely foreseeing the toxicity and clinical effectiveness of potential drug candidates, have resulted in a notable increase in the rate of failure during the process of drug discovery and development. Three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro models have arisen as substitute platforms with the capacity to accurately depict in-vivo conditions and increasing the predictivity of clinical effects and toxicity of drug candidates. It has been found that 3D models can accurately represent complex tissue structure of human body and can be used for a wide range of disease modeling purposes. Recently, substantial progress in biomedicine, materials and engineering have been made to fabricate various 3D in-vitro models, which have been exhibited better disease progression predictivity and drug effects than convention models, suggesting a promising direction in pharmaceutics. This comprehensive review highlights the recent developments in 3D in-vitro tissue models for preclinical applications including drug screening and disease modeling targeting multiple organs and tissues, like liver, bone, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, heart, brain, and cartilage. We discuss current strategies for fabricating 3D models for specific organs with their strengths and pitfalls. We expand future considerations for establishing a physiologically-relevant microenvironment for growing 3D models and also provide readers with a perspective on intellectual property, industry, and regulatory landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China
| | - Vaibhav Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yanrong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China
| | - Xiaolu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China
| | - Mengwei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China
| | - Shijie Liang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China
| | - Weijie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China; School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China.
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, 01130, Turkey; Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, 01130, Turkey.
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12
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Bektas C, Mao Y. Hydrogel Microparticles for Bone Regeneration. Gels 2023; 10:28. [PMID: 38247752 PMCID: PMC10815488 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) stand out as promising entities in the realm of bone tissue regeneration, primarily due to their versatile capabilities in delivering cells and bioactive molecules/drugs. Their significance is underscored by distinct attributes such as injectability, biodegradability, high porosity, and mechanical tunability. These characteristics play a pivotal role in fostering vasculature formation, facilitating mineral deposition, and contributing to the overall regeneration of bone tissue. Fabricated through diverse techniques (batch emulsion, microfluidics, lithography, and electrohydrodynamic spraying), HMPs exhibit multifunctionality, serving as vehicles for drug and cell delivery, providing structural scaffolding, and functioning as bioinks for advanced 3D-printing applications. Distinguishing themselves from other scaffolds like bulk hydrogels, cryogels, foams, meshes, and fibers, HMPs provide a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, promoting improved interactions with the surrounding tissues and facilitating the efficient delivery of cells and bioactive molecules. Notably, their minimally invasive injectability and modular properties, offering various designs and configurations, contribute to their attractiveness for biomedical applications. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the progressive advancements in HMPs, specifically for bone regeneration. The exploration encompasses synthesis and functionalization techniques, providing an understanding of their diverse applications, as documented in the existing literature. The overarching goal is to shed light on the advantages and potential of HMPs within the field of engineering bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Mao
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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13
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Zhang D, Li Z, Yang L, Ma H, Chen H, Zeng X. Architecturally designed sequential-release hydrogels. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122388. [PMID: 37980822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug synergy has made significant strides in clinical applications in recent decades. However, achieving a platform that enables "single administration, multi-stage release" by emulating the natural physiological processes of the human body poses a formidable challenge in the field of molecular pharmaceutics. Hydrogels, as the novel generation of drug delivery systems, have gained widespread utilization in drug platforms owing to their exceptional biocompatibility and modifiability. Sequential drug delivery hydrogels (SDDHs), which amalgamate the advantages of hydrogel and sequential release platforms, offer a promising solution for effectively navigating the intricate human environment and accomplishing drug sequential release. Inspired by architectural design, this review establishes connections between three pivotal factors in SDDHs construction, namely mechanisms, carrier spatial structure, and stimuli-responsiveness, and three aspects of architectural design, specifically building materials, house structures, and intelligent interactive furniture, aiming at providing insights into recent developments in SDDHs. Furthermore, the dual-drug collocation and cutting-edge hydrogel preparation technologies as well as the prevailing challenges in the field were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zimu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hualin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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14
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Malekpour K, Hazrati A, Khosrojerdi A, Roshangar L, Ahmadi M. An overview to nanocellulose clinical application: Biocompatibility and opportunities in disease treatment. Regen Ther 2023; 24:630-641. [PMID: 38034858 PMCID: PMC10682839 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the demand for organ transplantation has promptly increased due to the enhanced incidence of body organ failure, the increasing efficiency of transplantation, and the improvement in post-transplant outcomes. However, due to a lack of suitable organs for transplantation to fulfill current demand, significant organ shortage problems have emerged. Developing efficient technologies in combination with tissue engineering (TE) has opened new ways of producing engineered tissue substitutes. The use of natural nanoparticles (NPs) such as nanocellulose (NC) and nano-lignin should be used as suitable candidates in TE due to their desirable properties. Many studies have used these components to form scaffolds and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cells derived from different tissues for tissue repair. Interestingly, these natural NPs can afford scaffolds a degree of control over their characteristics, such as modifying their mechanical strength and distributing bioactive compounds in a controlled manner. These bionanomaterials are produced from various sources and are highly compatible with human-derived cells as they are derived from natural components. In this review, we discuss some new studies in this field. This review summarizes the scaffolds based on NC, counting nanocrystalline cellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose. Also, the efficient approaches that can extract cellulose with high purity and increased safety are discussed. We concentrate on the most recent research on the use of NC-based scaffolds for the restoration, enhancement, or replacement of injured organs and tissues, such as cartilage, skin, arteries, brain, and bone. Finally, we suggest the experiments and promises of NC-based TE scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Ding L, Oh S, Shrestha J, Lam A, Wang Y, Radfar P, Warkiani ME. Scaling up stem cell production: harnessing the potential of microfluidic devices. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108271. [PMID: 37844769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are specialised cells characterised by their unique ability to both self-renew and transform into a wide array of specialised cell types. The widespread interest in stem cells for regenerative medicine and cultivated meat has led to a significant demand for these cells in both research and practical applications. Despite the growing need for stem cell manufacturing, the industry faces significant obstacles, including high costs for equipment and maintenance, complicated operation, and low product quality and yield. Microfluidic technology presents a promising solution to the abovementioned challenges. As an innovative approach for manipulating liquids and cells within microchannels, microfluidics offers a plethora of advantages at an industrial scale. These benefits encompass low setup costs, ease of operation and multiplexing, minimal energy consumption, and the added advantage of being labour-free. This review presents a thorough examination of the prominent microfluidic technologies employed in stem cell research and explores their promising applications in the burgeoning stem cell industry. It thoroughly examines how microfluidics can enhance cell harvesting from tissue samples, facilitate mixing and cryopreservation, streamline microcarrier production, and efficiently conduct cell separation, purification, washing, and final cell formulation post-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Smart MCs Pty Ltd, Ultimo, Sydney, 2007, Australia.
| | - Steve Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alan Lam
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Yaqing Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Payar Radfar
- Smart MCs Pty Ltd, Ultimo, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia..
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16
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Wang C, Min S, Tian Y. Injectable and Cell-Laden Hydrogel in the Contained Bone Defect Animal Model: A Systematic Review. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:829-837. [PMID: 37563482 PMCID: PMC10519912 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its high water content and biomimetic properties simulating extracellular matrix (ECM), hydrogels have been used as preferred cell culture and delivery systems. Similarly, cell-loaded hydrogels can be easily injected into target areas in a minimally invasive manner, minimizing surgical trauma, adapting to irregular shaped defects, and benefiting patients. In this study, we systematically reviewed multiple studies on hydrogel-based bone defect research and briefly summarized the progress of injectable and cell-loaded hydrogels in bone defect repair. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using selected search terms. RESULTS Initially, 185 articles were retrieved from the databases. After full-text screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were included in this systematic review. Data collected from each study included culture model, seed cell type and origin, cell concentration, scaffold material, scaffold shape, experimental animal and site, bioactive agents, and binding method. This injectable and cell-loaded hydrogel shows certain feasibility in bone tissue engineering applications. CONCLUSION Injectable and cell-loaded hydrogels have been widely applied in bone tissue engineering research. The future direction of bone tissue engineering for bone defect treatment involves the use of new hydrogel materials and biochemical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuyuan Min
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
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17
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Luo Z, Zhang H, Chen R, Li H, Cheng F, Zhang L, Liu J, Kong T, Zhang Y, Wang H. Digital light processing 3D printing for microfluidic chips with enhanced resolution via dosing- and zoning-controlled vat photopolymerization. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:103. [PMID: 37593440 PMCID: PMC10427687 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Conventional manufacturing techniques to fabricate microfluidic chips, such as soft lithography and hot embossing process, have limitations that include difficulty in preparing multiple-layered structures, cost- and labor-consuming fabrication process, and low productivity. Digital light processing (DLP) technology has recently emerged as a cost-efficient microfabrication approach for the 3D printing of microfluidic chips; however, the fabrication resolution for microchannels is still limited to sub-100 microns at best. Here, we developed an innovative DLP printing strategy for high resolution and scalable microchannel fabrication by dosing- and zoning-controlled vat photopolymerization (DZC-VPP). Specifically, we proposed a modified mathematical model to precisely predict the accumulated UV irradiance for resin photopolymerization, thereby providing guidance for the fabrication of microchannels with enhanced resolution. By fine-tuning the printing parameters, including optical irradiance, exposure time, projection region, and step distance, we can precisely tailor the penetration irradiance stemming from the photopolymerization of the neighboring resin layers, thereby preventing channel blockage due to UV overexposure or compromised bonding stability owing to insufficient resin curing. Remarkably, this strategy can allow the preparation of microchannels with cross-sectional dimensions of 20 μm × 20 μm using a commercial printer with a pixel size of 10 μm × 10 μm; this is significantly higher resolution than previous reports. In addition, this method can enable the scalable and biocompatible fabrication of microfluidic drop-maker units that can be used for cell encapsulation. In general, the current DZC-VPP method can enable major advances in precise and scalable microchannel fabrication and represents a significant step forward for widespread applications of microfluidics-based techniques in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 P. R. China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Runze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Hanting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 P. R. China
| | - Huanan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
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18
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Zhang H, Chen J, Hu X, Bai J, Yin T. Adjustable extracellular matrix rigidity tumor model for studying stiffness dependent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas progression and tumor immunosuppression. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10518. [PMID: 37206224 PMCID: PMC10189475 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) is one of the stiffest malignancies with strong solid stresses. Increasing stiffness could alter cellular behavior and trigger internal signaling pathways and is strongly associated with a poor prognosis in PDAC. So far, there has been no report on of an experimental model that can rapidly construct and stably maintain a stiffness gradient dimension in both vitro and in vivo. In this study, a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based hydrogel was designed for in vitro and in vivo PDAC experiments. The GelMA-based hydrogel has porous, adjustable mechanical properties and excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. The GelMA-based in vitro 3D culture method can effectively form a gradient and stable extracellular matrix stiffness, affecting cell morphology, cytoskeleton remodeling, and malignant biological behaviors such as proliferation and metastasis. This model is suitable for in vivo studies with long-term maintenance of matrix stiffness and no significant toxicity. High matrix stiffness can significantly promote PDAC progression and tumor immunosuppression. This novel adaptive extracellular matrix rigidity tumor model is an excellent candidate for further development as an in vitro and in vivo biomechanical study model of PDAC or other tumors with strong solid stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Sino‐German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Jiaoshun Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Sino‐German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Jianwei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Sino‐German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Sino‐German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
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19
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Fang Z, Lu C, Du W, Wang X, Yang H, Shi M, Liu T, Xie Y, Wang S, Xu X, Li H, Wang H, Zheng Y. Injectable self-assembled dual-crosslinked alginate/recombinant collagen-based hydrogel for endometrium regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123943. [PMID: 36889621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The disadvantages of mainstream therapies for endometrial injury are difficult to resolve, herein, we suggest an omnibearing improvement strategy by introducing an injectable multifunctional self-assembled dual-crosslinked sodium alginate/recombinant collagen hydrogel. The hydrogel possessed a reversible and dynamic double network based on dynamic covalent bonds and ionic interactions, which also contributed to excellent capability in viscosity and injectability. Moreover, it was also biodegradable with a suitable speed, giving off active ingredients during the degradation process and eventually disappearing completely. In vitro tests exhibited that the hydrogel was biocompatible and able to enhance endometrial stromal cells viability. These features synergistically promoted cell multiplication and maintenance of endometrial hormone homeostasis, which accelerated endometrial matrix regeneration and structural reconstruction after severe injury in vivo. Furthermore, we explored the interrelation between the hydrogel characteristics, endometrial structure, and postoperative uterine recovery, which would benefit deep research on regulation of uterine repair mechanism and optimization of hydrogel materials. The injectable hydrogel could achieve favourable therapeutic efficacy without the need of exogenous hormones or cells, which would be of clinical value in endometrium regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Fang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjun Du
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Miaojie Shi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haihang Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province 610065, China
| | - Hanbi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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20
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Bio-manufacturing innovation lights up the future. Biodes Manuf 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-023-00233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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21
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An C, Zhou R, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu W, Liu J, Bao B, Sun K, Ren C, Zhang Y, Lin Q, Zhang L, Cheng F, Song J, Zhu L, Wang H. Microfluidic-templated cell-laden microgels fabricated using phototriggered imine-crosslinking as injectable and adaptable granular gels for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:91-107. [PMID: 36427687 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Injectable granular gels consisting of densely packed microgels serving as scaffolding biomaterial have recently shown great potential for applications in tissue regeneration, which allow administration via minimally invasive surgery, on-target cargo delivery, and high efficiency in nutrient/waste exchange. However, limitations such as insufficient mechanical strength, structural integrity, and uncontrollable differentiation of the encapsulated cells in the scaffolds hamper their further applications in the biomedical field. Herein, we developed a new class of granular gels via bottom-up assembly of cell-laden microgels via photo-triggered imine-crosslinking (PIC) chemistry based on the microfluidic technique. The particulate nature of the granular gels rendered them with shear-thinning and self-healing behavior, thereby functioning as an injectable and adaptable cellularized scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. Specifically, single cell-laden, monodisperse microgels composed of methacrylate- and o-nitrobenzene-functionalized hyaluronic acid and gelatin were prepared using a high-throughput microfluidic technique with a production rate up to 3.7 × 108 microgels/hr, wherein the PIC chemistry alleviated the oxygen inhibition on free-radical polymerization and facilitated enhanced fabrication accuracy, accelerated gelation rate, and improved network strength. Further in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the microgels can serve as carriers to support the activity of the encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells; these cell-laden microgels can also be used as cellularized bone fillers to induce the regeneration of bone tissues as evidenced by the in vivo experiment using the rat femoral condyle defect model. In general, these results represent a significant step toward the precise fabrication of engineered tissue mimics with single-cell resolution and high cell-density and can potentially offer a powerful tool for the design and applications of a next generation of tissue engineering strategy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Using microfluidic droplet-based technology, we hereby developed a new class of injectable and moldable granular gels via bottom-up assembly of cell-laden microgels as a versatile platform for tissue regeneration. Phototriggered imine-crosslinking chemistry was introduced for microgel cross-linkage, which allowed for the fabrication of microgels with improved matrix homogeneity, accelerated gelation process, and enhanced mechanical strength. We demonstrated that the microgel building blocks within the granular gels facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of the encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells, which can further serve as a cellularized scaffold for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingkun Bao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Changle Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116044, PR China; Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuning Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Jiankang Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Linyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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22
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Feng Z, Su X, Wang T, Sun X, Yang H, Guo S. The Role of Microsphere Structures in Bottom-Up Bone Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020321. [PMID: 36839645 PMCID: PMC9964570 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects have caused immense healthcare concerns and economic burdens throughout the world. Traditional autologous allogeneic bone grafts have many drawbacks, so the emergence of bone tissue engineering brings new hope. Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary biomedical engineering method that involves scaffold materials, seed cells, and "growth factors". However, the traditional construction approach is not flexible and is unable to adapt to the specific shape of the defect, causing the cells inside the bone to be unable to receive adequate nourishment. Therefore, a simple but effective solution using the "bottom-up" method is proposed. Microspheres are structures with diameters ranging from 1 to 1000 µm that can be used as supports for cell growth, either in the form of a scaffold or in the form of a drug delivery system. Herein, we address a variety of strategies for the production of microspheres, the classification of raw materials, and drug loading, as well as analyze new strategies for the use of microspheres in bone tissue engineering. We also consider new perspectives and possible directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (S.G.)
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23
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Hydrogels to Support Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121620. [PMID: 36552081 PMCID: PMC9775591 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are highly specialized neural cells with several functions essential for vision. Progressive deterioration of RPE cells in elderly individuals can result in visual impairment and, ultimately, blinding disease. While human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cell (hESC-RPE) growth conditions are generally harsher than those of cell lines, the subretinal transplantation of hESC-RPE is being clinically explored as a strategy to recover the damaged retina and improve vision. The cell-adhesion ability of the support is required for RPE transplantation, where pre-polarized cells can maintain specific functions on the scaffold. This work examined four typical biodegradable hydrogels as supports for hESC-RPE growth. METHODS Four biodegradable hydrogels were examined: gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA), alginate, and fibrin hydrogels. ARPE-19 and hESC-RPE cells were seeded onto the hydrogels separately, and the ability of these supports to facilitate adherence, proliferation, and homogeneous distribution of differentiated hESC-RPE cells was investigated. Furthermore, the hydrogel's subretinal bio-compatibility was assessed in vivo. RESULTS We showed that ARPE-19 and hESC-RPE cells adhered and proliferated only on the fibrin support. The monolayer formed when cells reached confluency, demonstrating the polygonal semblance, and revealing actin filaments that moved along the cytoplasm. The expression of tight junction proteins at cell interfaces on the 14th day of seeding demonstrated the barrier function of epithelial cells on polymeric surfaces and the interaction between cells. Moreover, the expression of proteins crucial for retinal functions and matrix production was positively affected by fibrin, with an increment of PEDF. Our in vivo investigation with fibrin hydrogels revealed high short-term subretinal biocompatibility. CONCLUSIONS The research of stem cell-based cell therapy for retinal degenerative diseases is more complicated than that of cell lines. Our results showed that fibrin is a suitable scaffold for hESC-RPE transplantation, which could be a new grafting material for tissue engineering RPE cells.
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24
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Xu M, Liu T, Qin M, Cheng Y, Lan W, Niu X, Wei Y, Hu Y, Lian X, Zhao L, Chen S, Chen W, Huang D. Bone-like hydroxyapatite anchored on alginate microspheres for bone regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Xie M, Shi Y, Zhang C, Ge M, Zhang J, Chen Z, Fu J, Xie Z, He Y. In situ 3D bioprinting with bioconcrete bioink. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3597. [PMID: 35739106 PMCID: PMC9225998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In-situ bioprinting is attractive for directly depositing the therapy bioink at the defective organs to repair them, especially for occupations such as soldiers, athletes, and drivers who can be injured in emergency. However, traditional bioink displays obvious limitations in its complex operation environments. Here, we design a bioconcrete bioink with electrosprayed cell-laden microgels as the aggregate and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) precursor solution as the cement. Promising printability is guaranteed with a wide temperature range benefiting from robust rheological properties of photocrosslinked microgel aggregate and fluidity of GelMA cement. Composite components simultaneously self-adapt to biocompatibility and different tissue mechanical microenvironment. Strong binding on tissue-hydrogel interface is achieved by hydrogen bonds and friction when the cement is photocrosslinked. This bioink owns good portability and can be easily prepared in urgent accidents. Meanwhile, microgels can be cultured to mini tissues and then mixed as bioink aggregates, indicating our bioconcrete can be functionalized faster than normal bioinks. The cranial defects repair results verify the superiority of this bioink and its potential in clinical settings required in in-situ treatment. Bioinks used in current in-situ bioprinting have limitations when applied to complex operational environments. Here, the authors report on the creation of a microgel reinforced GelMA bioink which can be simply prepared and used in different biomedical settings. The application is demonstrated in a cranial defect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 310006, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 310006, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Ge
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 310006, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zichen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 310006, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Zhengzhou University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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26
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De S, Singh N. Advancements in Three Dimensional In-Vitro Cell Culture Models. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200058. [PMID: 35701102 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The scientific field is observing a gradual shift from monolayer cultures to three-dimensional (3D) models, as they give a more relevant data in pre-clinical stages. This review summarizes the major techniques and materials used to develop 3D platforms, especially for cancer. It also discusses the challenges and some unresolved issues of the field and highlights some techniques that have made it to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreemoyee De
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.,Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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27
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Zhang H, Zhang L, An C, Zhang Y, Shao F, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Ren C, Sun K, He W, Cheng F, Wang H, Weitz DA. Large-scale single-cell encapsulation in microgels through metastable droplet-templating combined with microfluidic-integration. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35593920 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac7168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Current techniques for the generation of cell-laden microgels are limited by numerous challenges, including poorly uncontrolled batch-to-batch variations, processes that are both labor- and time-consuming, the high expense of devices and reagents, and low production rates; this hampers the translation of laboratory findings to clinical applications. To address these challenges, we develop a droplet-based microfluidic strategy based on metastable droplet-templating and microchannel integration for the substantial large-scale production of single cell-laden alginate microgels. Specifically, we present a continuous processing method for microgel generation by introducing amphiphilic perfluoronated alcohols to obtain metastable emulsion droplets as sacrificial templates. In addition, to adapt to the metastable emulsion system, integrated microfluidic chips containing 80 drop-maker units are designed and optimized based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation. This strategy allows single cell encapsulation in microgels at a maximum production rate of 10 ml hr-1 of cell suspension while retaining cell viability and functionality. These results represent a significant advance toward using cell-laden microgels for clinical-relevant applications, including cell therapy, tissue regeneration and 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA 02138, UNITED STATES
| | - Chuanfeng An
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shenzhen University, Laboratory of Regenerative Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, P.R. China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518037, CHINA
| | - Fei Shao
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Yijie Gao
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou district, Dalian, Liaoning province, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, CHINA
| | - Yonghao Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Hanting Li
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Changle Ren
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou district, Dalian, Liaoning province, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, CHINA
| | - Kai Sun
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Wei He
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Fang Cheng
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, CHINA
| | - Huanan Wang
- dalian university of technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, P.R.China, Dalian, 116024, CHINA
| | - David A Weitz
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA 02138, UNITED STATES
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28
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Nadine S, Chung A, Diltemiz SE, Yasuda B, Lee C, Hosseini V, Karamikamkar S, de Barros NR, Mandal K, Advani S, Zamanian BB, Mecwan M, Zhu Y, Mofidfar M, Zare MR, Mano J, Dokmeci MR, Alambeigi F, Ahadian S. Advances in microfabrication technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Artif Organs 2022; 46:E211-E243. [PMID: 35349178 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering provides various strategies to fabricate an appropriate microenvironment to support the repair and regeneration of lost or damaged tissues. In this matter, several technologies have been implemented to construct close-to-native three-dimensional structures at numerous physiological scales, which are essential to confer the functional characteristics of living tissues. METHODS In this article, we review a variety of microfabrication technologies that are currently utilized for several tissue engineering applications, such as soft lithography, microneedles, templated and self-assembly of microstructures, microfluidics, fiber spinning, and bioprinting. RESULTS These technologies have considerably helped us to precisely manipulate cells or cellular constructs for the fabrication of biomimetic tissues and organs. Although currently available tissues still lack some crucial functionalities, including vascular networks, innervation, and lymphatic system, microfabrication strategies are being proposed to overcome these issues. Moreover, the microfabrication techniques that have progressed to the preclinical stage are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS This article aims to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each technique and areas of further research for a more comprehensive and evolving understanding of microfabrication techniques in terms of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nadine
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ada Chung
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Brooke Yasuda
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Station 1, Lawrence, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Solmaz Karamikamkar
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shailesh Advani
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Mofidfar
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - João Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Farshid Alambeigi
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
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29
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Mohajeri M, Eskandari M, Ghazali ZS, Ghazali HS. Cell encapsulation in alginate-based microgels using droplet microfluidics; a review on gelation methods and applications. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35073537 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac4e2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within the microspheres using a semi-permeable polymer allows the two-way transfer of molecules such as oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. The main advantages of cell encapsulation technology include controlling the problems involved in transplanting rejection in tissue engineering applications and reducing the long-term need for immunosuppressive drugs following organ transplantation to eliminate the side effects. Cell-laden microgels can also be used in 3D cell cultures, wound healing, and cancerous clusters for drug testing. Since cell encapsulation is used for different purposes, several techniques have been developed to encapsulate cells. Droplet-based microfluidics is one of the most valuable techniques in cell encapsulating. This study aimed to review the geometries and the mechanisms proposed in microfluidic systems to precisely control cell-laden microgels production with different biopolymers. We also focused on alginate gelation techniques due to their essential role in cell encapsulation applications. Finally, some applications of these microgels and researches will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering No. 350, Hafez Ave, Valiasr Square, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mahnaz Eskandari
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering No. 350, Hafez Ave, Valiasr Square, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Zahra Sadat Ghazali
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 350, Hafez Ave, Valiasr Square, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hanieh Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Aleahmad-Tehran-Iran, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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30
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Liu D, Sun M, Zhang J, Hu R, Fu W, Xuanyuan T, Liu W. Single-cell droplet microfluidics for biomedical applications. Analyst 2022; 147:2294-2316. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in the fundamentals of single-cell droplet microfluidics and its applications in biomedicine, providing insights into design and establishment of single-cell microsystems and their further performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Meilin Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenzhu Fu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Tingting Xuanyuan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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31
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Nazari H, Heirani-Tabasi A, Ghorbani S, Eyni H, Razavi Bazaz S, Khayati M, Gheidari F, Moradpour K, Kehtari M, Ahmadi Tafti SM, Ahmadi Tafti SH, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Microfluidic-Based Droplets for Advanced Regenerative Medicine: Current Challenges and Future Trends. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:20. [PMID: 35049648 PMCID: PMC8773546 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics is a promising approach for the facile and large-scale fabrication of monodispersed droplets for various applications in biomedicine. This technology has demonstrated great potential to address the limitations of regenerative medicine. Microfluidics provides safe, accurate, reliable, and cost-effective methods for encapsulating different stem cells, gametes, biomaterials, biomolecules, reagents, genes, and nanoparticles inside picoliter-sized droplets or droplet-derived microgels for different applications. Moreover, microenvironments made using such droplets can mimic niches of stem cells for cell therapy purposes, simulate native extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue engineering applications, and remove challenges in cell encapsulation and three-dimensional (3D) culture methods. The fabrication of droplets using microfluidics also provides controllable microenvironments for manipulating gametes, fertilization, and embryo cultures for reproductive medicine. This review focuses on the relevant studies, and the latest progress in applying droplets in stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, reproductive biology, and gene therapy are separately evaluated. In the end, we discuss the challenges ahead in the field of microfluidics-based droplets for advanced regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (H.N.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Asieh Heirani-Tabasi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran; (A.H.-T.); (S.H.A.T.)
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Sadegh Ghorbani
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Hossein Eyni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (H.N.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Maryam Khayati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45371, Iran;
| | - Fatemeh Gheidari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tehran, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Keyvan Moradpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Mousa Kehtari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Tafti
- Colorectal Surgery Research Center, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran; (A.H.-T.); (S.H.A.T.)
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (H.N.); (S.R.B.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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32
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Microfluidic-templating alginate microgels crosslinked by different metal ions as engineered microenvironment to regulate stem cell behavior for osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112497. [PMID: 34857283 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell microenvironment is a collection of dynamic biochemical and biophysical cues which functions as the key factor in determining cell behavior. Encapsulating single cell into micrometer-scale hydrogels which mimics the cell microenvironment can be used for single cell analysis, cell therapies, and tissue engineering. Here, we developed a microfluidics-based platform to engineer the niche environment at single cell level using alginate microgels crosslinked by different metal ions to regulate stem cell behavior for bone regeneration. Specifically, we revealed that Ca2+ in the engineered microenvironment promoted osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated stem cells and substantially accelerated the matrix mineralization compared to Sr2+in vitro. However, the superior osteoinductive capacity of Ca2+ compared with Sr2+ led to comparable bone healing in a rat bone defect model. This attributed to Sr2+ in microgels to inhibit the osteoclast activity and bone resorption after implantation. In summary, the present study demonstrates metal ions as a critical factor in the environmental cues to affect cell behavior and influence the efficacy of stem cell-based therapy in tissue regeneration, and provides new insights to engineer an expecting microenvironment for regenerative medicine.
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Amirifar L, Besanjideh M, Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Nasrollahi F, de Barros NR, Davoodi E, Erdem A, Mahmoodi M, Hosseini V, Montazerian H, Jahangiry J, Darabi MA, Haghniaz R, Dokmeci MR, Annabi N, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A. Droplet-based microfluidics in biomedical applications. Biofabrication 2021; 14. [PMID: 34781274 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac39a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic systems have been employed to manipulate discrete fluid volumes with immiscible phases. Creating the fluid droplets at microscale has led to a paradigm shift in mixing, sorting, encapsulation, sensing, and designing high throughput devices for biomedical applications. Droplet microfluidics has opened many opportunities in microparticle synthesis, molecular detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, and cell biology. In the present review, we first introduce standard methods for droplet generation (i.e., passive and active methods) and discuss the latest examples of emulsification and particle synthesis approaches enabled by microfluidic platforms. Then, the applications of droplet-based microfluidics in different biomedical applications are detailed. Finally, a general overview of the latest trends along with the perspectives and future potentials in the field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Amirifar
- Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mohsen Besanjideh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | | | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Jamileh Jahangiry
- University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
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Lee SY, Ma J, Khoo TS, Abdullah N, Nik Md Noordin Kahar NNF, Abdul Hamid ZA, Mustapha M. Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Microencapsulation of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:735090. [PMID: 34733829 PMCID: PMC8558675 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.735090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy appears as a promising strategy to induce regeneration of damaged and diseased tissues. However, low survival, poor engraftment and a lack of site-specificity are major drawbacks. Polysaccharide hydrogels can address these issues and offer several advantages as cell delivery vehicles. They have become very popular due to their unique properties such as high-water content, biocompatibility, biodegradability and flexibility. Polysaccharide polymers can be physically or chemically crosslinked to construct biomimetic hydrogels. Their resemblance to living tissues mimics the native three-dimensional extracellular matrix and supports stem cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Given the intricate nature of communication between hydrogels and stem cells, understanding their interaction is crucial. Cells are incorporated with polysaccharide hydrogels using various microencapsulation techniques, allowing generation of more relevant models and further enhancement of stem cell therapies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of human stem cells and polysaccharide hydrogels most used in regenerative medicine. The recent and advanced stem cell microencapsulation techniques, which include extrusion, emulsion, lithography, microfluidics, superhydrophobic surfaces and bioprinting, are described. This review also discusses current progress in clinical translation of stem-cell encapsulated polysaccharide hydrogels for cell delivery and disease modeling (drug testing and discovery) with focuses on musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiac and cancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuen Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Sean Khoo
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Norfadhilatuladha Abdullah
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | | | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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35
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Nguyen TPT, Li F, Shrestha S, Tuan RS, Thissen H, Forsythe JS, Frith JE. Cell-laden injectable microgels: Current status and future prospects for cartilage regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121214. [PMID: 34736147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have been employed extensively as versatile materials for cartilage regeneration due to their excellent biocompatibility, tunable structure, and ability to accommodate bioactive factors, as well as their ability to be locally delivered via minimally invasive injection to fill irregular defects. More recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that processing these materials to produce cell-laden microgels can enhance cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and boost nutrient and metabolite exchange. Moreover, these studies have demonstrated gene expression profiles and matrix regeneration that are superior compared to conventional injectable bulk hydrogels. As cell-laden microgels and their application in cartilage repair are moving closer to clinical translation, this review aims to present an overview of the recent developments in this field. Here we focus on the currently used biomaterials and crosslinking strategies, the innovative fabrication techniques being used for the production of microgels, the cell sources used, the signals used for induction of chondrogenic differentiation and the resultant biological responses, and the ability to create three-dimensional, functional cartilage tissues. In addition, this review also covers the current clinical approaches for repairing cartilage as well as specific challenges faced when attempting the regeneration of damaged cartilage tissue. New findings related to the macroporous nature of the structures formed by the assembled microgel building blocks and the novel use of microgels in 3D printing for cartilage tissue engineering are also highlighted. Finally, we outline the challenges and future opportunities for employing cell-laden microgels in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy P T Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fanyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Surakshya Shrestha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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36
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Dubay R, Urban JN, Darling EM. Single-Cell Microgels for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2009946. [PMID: 36329867 PMCID: PMC9629779 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202009946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within hydrogel droplets is transforming what is feasible in multiple fields of biomedical science such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in vitro modeling, and cell-based therapies. Recent advances have allowed researchers to miniaturize material encapsulation complexes down to single-cell scales, where each complex, termed a single-cell microgel, contains only one cell surrounded by a hydrogel matrix while remaining <100 μm in size. With this achievement, studies requiring single-cell resolution are now possible, similar to those done using liquid droplet encapsulation. Of particular note, applications involving long-term in vitro cultures, modular bioinks, high-throughput screenings, and formation of 3D cellular microenvironments can be tuned independently to suit the needs of individual cells and experimental goals. In this progress report, an overview of established materials and techniques used to fabricate single-cell microgels, as well as insight into potential alternatives is provided. This focused review is concluded by discussing applications that have already benefited from single-cell microgel technologies, as well as prospective applications on the cusp of achieving important new capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dubay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Draper, 555 Technology Sq., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph N Urban
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
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37
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Argentiere S, Siciliano PA, Blasi L. How Microgels Can Improve the Impact of Organ-on-Chip and Microfluidic Devices for 3D Culture: Compartmentalization, Single Cell Encapsulation and Control on Cell Fate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3216. [PMID: 34641032 PMCID: PMC8512905 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Organ-on-chip (OOC) devices represent the new frontier in biomedical research to produce micro-organoids and tissues for drug testing and regenerative medicine. The development of such miniaturized models requires the 3D culture of multiple cell types in a highly controlled microenvironment, opening new challenges in reproducing the extracellular matrix (ECM) experienced by cells in vivo. In this regard, cell-laden microgels (CLMs) represent a promising tool for 3D cell culturing and on-chip generation of micro-organs. The engineering of hydrogel matrix with properly balanced biochemical and biophysical cues enables the formation of tunable 3D cellular microenvironments and long-term in vitro cultures. This focused review provides an overview of the most recent applications of CLMs in microfluidic devices for organoids formation, highlighting microgels' roles in OOC development as well as insights into future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Blasi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems IMM-CNR, Via Monteroni, University Campus, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.A.); (P.A.S.)
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38
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An C, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Cheng F, Sun K, Wang H. Thermo-responsive fluorinated surfactant for on-demand demulsification of microfluidic droplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3412-3419. [PMID: 34472548 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful platform for a variety of biomedical applications including microreactors, bioactive compound encapsulation, and single cell culture and analysis; all these applications require long-term droplet stability, which, however, makes breaking the emulsion and retrieving the loaded samples difficult. Herein, we developed a novel class of thermo-responsive fluorosurfactants to control the droplet status simply by temperature. The surfactants were synthesized by coupling perfluorinated polyethers (PFPEs) with a thermo-responsive block of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) or poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (pEtOx) with lower critical solution temperature (LCST). These diblock surfactants can stabilize the emulsion at temperatures below LCST due to the hydrophilic head, which became hydrophobic upon increasing the ambient temperature above LCST, thereby destabilizing the droplets and realizing demulsification simply via temperature control. The diblock surfactant can be applied for templating cell encapsulation using alginate microgels, which allowed one-step and high-throughput microfluidic generation of cell-laden microgels without compromising cell viability. This non-invasive, on-demand demulsification strategy provides a high degree of freedom for microencapsulation and on-demand recovery of the samples or reaction products within the droplets, which opens a new avenue for a wide range of applications of droplet-templating microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Hanting Li
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Yonghao Zhang
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Jiamian Wang
- National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, P. R. China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Sun
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Huanan Wang
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
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Biomaterial-Assisted Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168657. [PMID: 34445363 PMCID: PMC8395440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to show case recent regenerative medicine based on biomaterial technologies. Regenerative medicine has arousing substantial interest throughout the world, with “The enhancement of cell activity” one of the essential concepts for the development of regenerative medicine. For example, drug research on drug screening is an important field of regenerative medicine, with the purpose of efficient evaluation of drug effects. It is crucial to enhance cell activity in the body for drug research because the difference in cell condition between in vitro and in vivo leads to a gap in drug evaluation. Biomaterial technology is essential for the further development of regenerative medicine because biomaterials effectively support cell culture or cell transplantation with high cell viability or activity. For example, biomaterial-based cell culture and drug screening could obtain information similar to preclinical or clinical studies. In the case of in vivo studies, biomaterials can assist cell activity, such as natural healing potential, leading to efficient tissue repair of damaged tissue. Therefore, regenerative medicine combined with biomaterials has been noted. For the research of biomaterial-based regenerative medicine, the research objective of regenerative medicine should link to the properties of the biomaterial used in the study. This review introduces regenerative medicine with biomaterial.
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40
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Lei X, Shao C, Shou X, Shi K, Shi L, Zhao Y. Porous hydrogel arrays for hepatoma cell spheroid formation and drug resistance investigation. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Alginate microgels as delivery vehicles for cell-based therapies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118128. [PMID: 34044944 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Conventional stem cell delivery typically utilize administration of directly injection of allogenic cells or domesticated autogenic cells. It may lead to immune clearance of these cells by the host immune systems. Alginate microgels have been demonstrated to improve the survival of encapsulated cells and overcome rapid immune clearance after transplantation. Moreover, alginate microgels can serve as three-dimensional extracellular matrix to support cell growth and protect allogenic cells from rapid immune clearance, with functions as delivery vehicles to achieve sustained release of therapeutic proteins and growth factors from the encapsulated cells. Besides, cell-loaded alginate microgels can potentially be applied in regenerative medicine by serving as injectable engineered scaffolds to support tissue regrowth. In this review, the properties of alginate and different methods to produce alginate microgels are introduced firstly. Then, we focus on diverse applications of alginate microgels for cell delivery in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Design of alginate based micro‐gels via electro fluid dynamics to construct microphysiological cell culture systems. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Mora-Boza A, Mancipe Castro LM, Schneider RS, Han WM, García AJ, Vázquez-Lasa B, San Román J. Microfluidics generation of chitosan microgels containing glycerylphytate crosslinker for in situ human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111716. [PMID: 33545868 PMCID: PMC8237249 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are an attractive source for cell therapies because of their multiple beneficial properties, i.e. via immunomodulation and secretory factors. Microfluidics is particularly attractive for cell encapsulation since it provides a rapid and reproducible methodology for microgel generation of controlled size and simultaneous cell encapsulation. Here, we report the fabrication of hMSC-laden microcarriers based on in situ ionotropic gelation of water-soluble chitosan in a microfluidic device using a combination of an antioxidant glycerylphytate (G1Phy) compound and tripolyphosphate (TPP) as ionic crosslinkers (G1Phy:TPP-microgels). These microgels showed homogeneous size distributions providing an average diameter of 104 ± 12 μm, somewhat lower than that of control (127 ± 16 μm, TPP-microgels). The presence of G1Phy in microgels maintained cell viability over time and upregulated paracrine factor secretion under adverse conditions compared to control TPP-microgels. Encapsulated hMSCs in G1Phy:TPP-microgels were delivered to the subcutaneous space of immunocompromised mice via injection, and the delivery process was as simple as the injection of unencapsulated cells. Immediately post-injection, equivalent signal intensities were observed between luciferase-expressing microgel-encapsulated and unencapsulated hMSCs, demonstrating no adverse effects of the microcarrier on initial cell survival. Cell persistence, inferred by bioluminescence signal, decreased exponentially over time showing relatively higher half-life values for G1Phy:TPP-microgels compared to TPP-microgels and unencapsulated cells. In overall, results position the microfluidics generated G1Phy:TPP-microgels as a promising microcarrier for supporting hMSC survival and reparative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mora-Boza
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina M Mancipe Castro
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca S Schneider
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio San Román
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Shrestha S, Li F, Truong VX, Forsythe JS, Frith JE. Interplay of Hydrogel Composition and Geometry on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5323-5335. [PMID: 33237736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are emerging as an outstanding platform for tissue regeneration because they overcome issues associated with conventional bulk/macroscopic hydrogels such as limited cell-cell contact and cell communication and low diffusion rates. Owing to the enhanced mass transfer and injectability via a minimally invasive procedure, these microgels are becoming a promising approach for bone regeneration applications. Nevertheless, there still remains a huge gap between the understanding of how the hydrogel matrix composition can influence cell response and overall tissue formation when switching from bulk formats to microgel format, which is often neglected or rarely studied. Here, we fabricated polyethylene glycol-based microgels and bulk hydrogels incorporating gelatin and hyaluronic acid (HA), either individually or together, and assessed the impact of both hydrogel composition and format upon the osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Osteogenesis was significantly greater in microgels than bulk hydrogels for both gelatin alone (Gel) and gelatin HA composite (Gel:HA) hydrogels, as determined by the expression of Runt-related transcription factor (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) genes and mineral deposition. Interestingly, Gel and Gel:HA hydrogels behaved differently between bulk and microgel format. In bulk format, overall osteogenic outcomes were better in Gel:HA hydrogels, but in microgel format, while the level of osteogenic gene expression was equivalent between both compositions, the degree of mineralization was reduced in Gel:HA microgels. Investigation into the affinity of hydroxyapatite for the different matrix compositions indicated that the decreased mineralization of Gel:HA microgels was likely due to a low affinity of hydroxyapatite to bind to HA and support mineral deposition, which has a greater impact on microgels than bulk hydrogels. Together, these findings suggest that both hydrogel composition and format can determine the success of tissue formation and that there is a complex interplay of these two factors on both cell behavior and matrix deposition. This has important implications for tissue engineering, showing that hydrogel composition and geometry must be evaluated together when optimizing conditions for cell differentiation and tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surakshya Shrestha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Fanyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Vinh X Truong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Shao F, Yu L, Zhang Y, An C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Wang H. Microfluidic Encapsulation of Single Cells by Alginate Microgels Using a Trigger-Gellified Strategy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:583065. [PMID: 33154965 PMCID: PMC7591722 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.583065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics-based alginate microgels have shown great potential to encapsulate cells in a high-throughput and controllable manner. However, cell viability and biological functions are substantially compromised due to the harsh conditions for gelation, which remains a major challenge for cell encapsulation. Herein, we presented an efficient and biocompatible method by on-chip triggered gelation to generate microfluidic alginate microgels for single-cell encapsulation. Two calcium complexes of calcium–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Ca-EDTA) and calcium–nitrilotriacetic (Ca-NTA) as crosslinkers for triggered gelation of alginate were compared and investigated for feasible application. By triggered release of Ca2+ ions from the calcium complex via adding acetic acid in the oil phase, the alginate precursor in the aqueous droplets can be crosslinked to form alginate microgels. Although using Ca-EDTA and Ca-NTA both achieved on-chip gelation, Ca-NTA led to significantly higher cell viability since the dissociation of Ca2+ ions from Ca-NTA can be obtained using less concentration of acid compared to Ca-EDTA. We further demonstrated the functionality of encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in alginate microgels prepared using Ca-NTA, as evidenced by the osteogenesis of encapsulated MSCs upon inductive culture. In summary, our study provided a biocompatible strategy to prepare alginate microgels for single-cell encapsulation which can be further used for applications in tissue engineering and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shao
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanfeng An
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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