Construction of a simple and intelligent DNA-based computing system for multiplexing logic operations

Refined design of a DNA logic gate for implementing a DNA-based three-level circuit

DNA computing circuits are favored by researchers because of their high density, high parallelism, and biocompatibility. However, compared with electronic circuits, current DNA circuits have significant errors in understanding the OFF state and logic "0". Nowadays, DNA circuits only have two input states: logic "0" and logic "1", where logic "0" also means the OFF state. Corresponding to an electronic circuit, it is more like an on-off switch than a logic circuit. To correct this conceptual confusion, we propose a three-level circuit. The circuit divides the input signal into three cases: "none", logic "0" and logic "1". In subsequent experiments, 34 input combinations of the primary AND gate, OR gate as well as secondary AND-OR and OR-AND cascade circuits were successfully implemented to perform the operation, which distinguished the OFF state and logic "0" correctly. Based on this, we successfully implemented a more complex voting operation with only 12 strands. We believe that our redefinition of the OFF state and logic "0" will promote tremendous developments in DNA computing circuits.

Advancements in DNA computing: exploring DNA logic systems and their biomedical applications

DNA computing is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of molecular computers, utilizing DNA to execute Boolean logic operations. In recent decades, DNA computing has garnered widespread attention due to its powerful programmable and parallel computing capabilities, demonstrating significant potential in intelligent biological analysis. This review summarizes the latest advancements in DNA logic systems and their biomedical applications. Firstly, it introduces recent DNA logic systems based on various materials such as functional DNA sequences, nanomaterials, and three-dimensional DNA nanostructures. The material innovations driving DNA computing have been summarized, highlighting novel molecular reactions and analytical performance metrics like efficiency, sensitivity, and selectivity. Subsequently, it outlines the biomedical applications of DNA computing-based multi-biomarker analysis in cellular imaging, clinical diagnosis, and disease treatment. Additionally, it discusses the existing challenges and future research directions for the development of DNA computing.

Scalable DNA recognition circuits based on DNA strand displacement

DNA is a kind of nano-molecule considered to be computable on the molecular level, and the precise Watson-Crick principle of base pairing has made it possible for DNA to be a novel computer material. The DNA strand displacement technology has greatly facilitated the development of DNA computing in both logical and intelligent computation. In this paper, we proposed and implemented a molecular recognition circuit based on DNA strand displacement, which can achieve recognition and summation functions. This circuit has a simple molecular composition and is easily scalable. A cross-inhibition module was integrated based upon the molecular recognition circuit to construct a molecular comparator. Considering the advantages of modularity and the experimental feasibility of a scalable recognition circuit, it could be used as a pattern signal recognition and classification module in smart molecular circuits or biosensors.

Three-input logic gate based on DNA strand displacement reaction

In this paper, three kinds of three-input logic gates are designed based on DNA strand displacement reaction, which are three-input OR logic gate, three-input AND logic gate, and three-input MAJORITY logic gate. The logic gates designed in this paper takes different DNA strands as input and fluorescence signals as output. The biochemical experimental results verify my designs. The results show that DNA strand displacement technology has important application value in DNA computing, especially in the construction of DNA molecular logic gates.

Construction of a scalable DNA computing nano-system for large-scale and complex logical operations

The predictability of Watson-Crick base pairing provides unique structural programmability to DNA, facilitating the development and application of biomolecules in biocomputing. However, in DNA-based biocomputing, the scale of operation that can be achieved by an existing reaction system is very limited. How to expand the operation range of a logic circuit and realize the integration and extensibility of circuits is always the key problem to be solved in this field. In this work, by designing a multifunctional DNA-nanostructure-based reaction platform, which can realize an output of up to 2ⁿ scalable fluorescence signals, combined with the construction of an input "library" and a modular distribution strategy of output signals, for the first time, we successfully performed the calculation of both square roots and cube roots of consecutive integers within a decimal number of "10" and in each result of the operation, two digits after the decimal point are preserved (). We believe that the design concept presented in this work can help effectively solve the urgent problems of biological computing in terms of computational scaling, integration and scalability, and can open up new horizons for the design of new functional devices and complex computing circuits.