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Galarraga JH, Zlotnick HM, Locke RC, Gupta S, Fogarty NL, Masada KM, Stoeckl BD, Laforest L, Castilho M, Malda J, Levato R, Carey JL, Mauck RL, Burdick JA. Evaluation of surgical fixation methods for the implantation of melt electrowriting-reinforced hyaluronic acid hydrogel composites in porcine cartilage defects. Int J Bioprint 2023; 9:775. [PMID: 37457945 PMCID: PMC10339416 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The surgical repair of articular cartilage remains an ongoing challenge in orthopedics. Tissue engineering is a promising approach to treat cartilage defects; however, scaffolds must (i) possess the requisite material properties to support neocartilage formation, (ii) exhibit sufficient mechanical integrity for handling during implantation, and (iii) be reliably fixed within cartilage defects during surgery. In this study, we demonstrate the reinforcement of soft norbornene-modified hyaluronic acid (NorHA) hydrogels via the melt electrowriting (MEW) of polycaprolactone to fabricate composite scaffolds that support encapsulated porcine mesenchymal stromal cell (pMSC, three donors) chondrogenesis and cartilage formation and exhibit mechanical properties suitable for handling during implantation. Thereafter, acellular MEW-NorHA composites or MEW-NorHA composites with encapsulated pMSCs and precultured for 28 days were implanted in full-thickness cartilage defects in porcine knees using either bioresorbable pins or fibrin glue to assess surgical fixation methods. Fixation of composites with either biodegradable pins or fibrin glue ensured implant retention in most cases (80%); however, defects treated with pinned composites exhibited more subchondral bone remodeling and inferior cartilage repair, as evidenced by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and safranin O/fast green staining, respectively, when compared to defects treated with glued composites. Interestingly, no differences in repair tissue were observed between acellular and cellularized implants. Additional work is required to assess the full potential of these scaffolds for cartilage repair. However, these results suggest that future approaches for cartilage repair with MEW-reinforced hydrogels should be carefully evaluated with regard to their fixation approach for construct retention and surrounding cartilage tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Galarraga
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah M. Zlotnick
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan C. Locke
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie L. Fogarty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kendall M. Masada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brendan D. Stoeckl
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorielle Laforest
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center—Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center—Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center—Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - James L. Carey
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Abarca-Ortega A, Muñoz-Moya E, Pacheco Alarcón M, García-Herrera CM, Celentano DJ, Lagos NA, Lardies MA. Biomechanical Characterization of Scallop Shells Exposed to Ocean Acidification and Warming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:813537. [PMID: 35127676 PMCID: PMC8811142 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.813537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased carbon dioxide levels (CO2) in the atmosphere triggered a cascade of physical and chemical changes in the ocean surface. Marine organisms producing carbonate shells are regarded as vulnerable to these physical (warming), and chemical (acidification) changes occurring in the oceans. In the last decade, the aquaculture production of the bivalve scallop Argopecten purpuratus (AP) showed declined trends along the Chilean coast. These negative trends have been ascribed to ecophysiological and biomineralization constraints in shell carbonate production. This work experimentally characterizes the biomechanical response of AP scallop shells subjected to climate change scenarios (acidification and warming) via quasi-static tensile and bending tests. The experimental results indicate the adaptation of mechanical properties to hostile growth scenarios in terms of temperature and water acidification. In addition, the mechanical response of the AP subjected to control climate conditions was analyzed with finite element simulations including an anisotropic elastic constitutive model for a two-fold purpose: Firstly, to calibrate the material model parameters using the tensile test curves in two mutually perpendicular directions (representative of the mechanical behavior of the material). Secondly, to validate this characterization procedure in predicting the material’s behavior in two mechanical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Abarca-Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefano Muñoz-Moya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudio M. García-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudio M. García-Herrera,
| | - Diego J. Celentano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Metalúrgica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson A. Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A. Lardies
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile
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