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Zhu Z, Liu Z, Zhang D, Li L, Pei J, Cai L. Models for calcific aortic valve disease in vivo and in vitro. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38424219 PMCID: PMC10904700 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-024-00189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is prevalent among the elderly as the most common valvular heart disease. Currently, no pharmaceutical interventions can effectively reverse or prevent CAVD, making valve replacement the primary therapeutic recourse. Extensive research spanning decades has contributed to the establishment of animal and in vitro cell models, which facilitates a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological progression and underlying mechanisms of CAVD. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and analysis of the strengths and limitations associated with commonly employed models for the study of valve calcification. We specifically emphasize the advancements in three-dimensional culture technologies, which replicate the structural complexity of the valve. Furthermore, we delve into prospective recommendations for advancing in vivo and in vitro model studies of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-Throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-Throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-Throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-Throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Jianqiu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Lin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-Throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Broadwin M, Imarhia F, Oh A, Stone CR, Sellke FW, Bhowmick S, Abid MR. Exploring Electrospun Scaffold Innovations in Cardiovascular Therapy: A Review of Electrospinning in Cardiovascular Disease. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:218. [PMID: 38534492 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In particular, patients who suffer from ischemic heart disease (IHD) that is not amenable to surgical or percutaneous revascularization techniques have limited treatment options. Furthermore, after revascularization is successfully implemented, there are a number of pathophysiological changes to the myocardium, including but not limited to ischemia-reperfusion injury, necrosis, altered inflammation, tissue remodeling, and dyskinetic wall motion. Electrospinning, a nanofiber scaffold fabrication technique, has recently emerged as an attractive option as a potential therapeutic platform for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Electrospun scaffolds made of biocompatible materials have the ability to mimic the native extracellular matrix and are compatible with drug delivery. These inherent properties, combined with ease of customization and a low cost of production, have made electrospun scaffolds an active area of research for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we aim to discuss the current state of electrospinning from the fundamentals of scaffold creation to the current role of electrospun materials as both bioengineered extracellular matrices and drug delivery vehicles in the treatment of CVD, with a special emphasis on the potential clinical applications in myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Broadwin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Frances Imarhia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Amy Oh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Christopher R Stone
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sankha Bhowmick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Gujjar S, Tyagi A, Sainger S, Bharti P, Nain V, Sood P, Jayabal P, Sharma JC, Sharma P, Rajput S, Pandey AK, Pandey AK, Abnave P, Mathapati S. Biocompatible Human Placental Extracellular Matrix Derived Hydrogels. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300349. [PMID: 37786307 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Solubilizing extracellular matrix (ECM) materials and transforming them into hydrogels has expanded their potential applications both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, hydrogels are prepared by decellularization of human placental tissue using detergent and enzymes and by the subsequent creation of a homogenized acellular placental tissue powder (P-ECM). A perfusion-based decellularization approach is employed using detergent and enzymes. The P-ECM with and without gamma irradiation is then utilized to prepare P-ECM hydrogels. Physical and biological evaluations are conducted to assess the suitability of the P-ECM hydrogels for biocompatibility. The decellularized tissue has significantly reduced cellular content and retains the major ECM proteins. Increasing the concentration of P-ECM leads to improved mechanical properties of the P-ECM hydrogels. The biocompatibility of the P-ECM hydrogel is demonstrated through cell proliferation and viability assays. Notably, gamma-sterilized P-ECM does not support the formation of a stable hydrogel. Nonetheless, the use of HCl during the digestion process effectively decreases spore growth and bacterial bioburden. The study demonstrates that P-ECM hydrogels exhibit physical and biological attributes conducive to soft tissue reconstruction. These hydrogels establish a favorable microenvironment for cell growth and the need for investigating innovative sterilization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Gujjar
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Anurag Tyagi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Saloni Sainger
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Puja Bharti
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Vaibhav Nain
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Pratibha Sood
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Prakash Jayabal
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Jagadish Chandra Sharma
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, 121012, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, 121012, India
| | - Sanjay Rajput
- Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pandey
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, 121012, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Prasad Abnave
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Santosh Mathapati
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
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Immohr MB, Teichert HL, Dos Santos Adrego F, Schmidt V, Sugimura Y, Bauer SJ, Barth M, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Ovine Aortic Valve Endothelial and Interstitial Cells for the Development of Multicellular Tissue Engineered Tissue Constructs. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:787. [PMID: 37508814 PMCID: PMC10376021 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD), it is necessary to develop a new three-dimensional model that contains valvular interstitial cells (VIC) and valvular endothelial cells (VEC). For this purpose, ovine aortic valves were processed to isolate VIC and VEC that were dissolved in an alginate/gelatin hydrogel. A 3D-bioprinter (3D-Bioplotter® Developer Series, EnvisionTec, Gladbeck, Germany) was used to print cell-laden tissue constructs containing VIC and VEC which were cultured for up to 21 days. The 3D-architecture, the composition of the culture medium, and the hydrogels were modified, and cell viability was assessed. The composition of the culture medium directly affected the cell viability of the multicellular tissue constructs. Co-culture of VIC and VEC with a mixture of 70% valvular interstitial cell and 30% valvular endothelial cell medium components reached the cell viability best tested with about 60% more living cells compared to pure valvular interstitial cell medium (p = 0.02). The tissue constructs retained comparable cell viability after 21 days (p = 0.90) with different 3D-architectures, including a "sandwich" and a "tube" design. Good long-term cell viability was confirmed even for thick multilayer multicellular tissue constructs. The 3D-bioprinting of multicellular tissue constructs with VEC and VIC is a successful new technique to design tissue constructs that mimic the structure of the native aortic valve for research applications of aortic valve pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Benjamin Immohr
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helena Lauren Teichert
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabió Dos Santos Adrego
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Schmidt
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Yukiharu Sugimura
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Johannes Bauer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Barth
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Liu H, Yin H, Wang Z, Yuan Q, Xu F, Chen Y, Li C. Rho A/ROCK1 signaling-mediated metabolic reprogramming of valvular interstitial cells toward Warburg effect accelerates aortic valve calcification via AMPK/RUNX2 axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:108. [PMID: 36774349 PMCID: PMC9922265 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to osteogenic lineages promotes calcified aortic valves disease (CAVD), partly activated by potentially destructive hemodynamic forces. These involve Rho A/ROCK1 signaling, a mechano-sensing pathway. However, how Rho A/ROCK1 signaling transduces mechanical signals into cellular responses and disrupts normal VIC homeostasis remain unclear. We examined Rho A/ROCK1 signaling in human aortic valves, and further detected how Rho A/ROCK1 signaling regulates mineralization in human VICs. Aortic valves (CAVD n = 22, normal control (NC) n = 12) from patients undergoing valve replacement were investigated. Immunostaining and western blotting analysis indicated that Rho A/ROCK1 signaling, as well as key transporters and enzymes involved in the Warburg effect, were markedly upregulated in human calcified aortic valves compared with those in the controls. In vitro, Rho A/ROCK1-induced calcification was confirmed as AMPK-dependent, via a mechanism involving metabolic reprogramming of human VICs to Warburg effect. Y-27632, a selective ROCK1 inhibitor, suppressed the Warburg effect, rescued AMPK activity and subsequently increased RUNX2 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, leading to decreased RUNX2 protein accumulation in human VICs under pathological osteogenic stimulus. Rho A/ROCK1 signaling, which is elevated in human calcified aortic valves, plays a positive role in valvular calcification, partially through its ability to drive metabolic switching of VICs to the Warburg effect, leading to altered AMPK activity and RUNX2 protein accumulation. Thus, Rho A/ROCK1 signaling could be an important and unrecognized hub of destructive hemodynamics and cellular aerobic glycolysis that is essential to promote the CAVD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiruo Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuhuan Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Chuanbao Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Visser D, Bakhshi H, Rogg K, Fuhrmann E, Wieland F, Schenke-Layland K, Meyer W, Hartmann H. Green Chemistry for Biomimetic Materials: Synthesis and Electrospinning of High-Molecular-Weight Polycarbonate-Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethanes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39772-39781. [PMID: 36385898 PMCID: PMC9648058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional synthesis routes for thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) still require the use of isocyanates and tin-based catalysts, which pose considerable safety and environmental hazards. To reduce both the ecological footprint and human health dangers for nonwoven TPU scaffolds, it is key to establish a green synthesis route, which eliminates the use of these toxic compounds and results in biocompatible TPUs with facile processability. In this study, we developed high-molecular-weight nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) through transurethanization of 1,6-hexanedicarbamate with polycarbonate diols (PCDLs). Various molecular weights of PCDL were employed to maximize the molecular weight of NIPUs and consequently facilitate their electrospinnability. The synthesized NIPUs were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The highest achieved molecular weight (M w) was 58,600 g/mol. The NIPUs were consecutively electrospun into fibrous scaffolds with fiber diameters in the submicron range, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To assess the suitability of electrospun NIPU mats as a possible biomimetic load-bearing pericardial substitute in cardiac tissue engineering, their cytotoxicity was investigated in vitro using primary human fibroblasts and a human epithelial cell line. The bare NIPU mats did not need further biofunctionalization to enhance cell adhesion, as it was not outperformed by collagen-functionalized NIPU mats and hence showed that the NIPU mats possess a great potential for use in biomimetic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Visser
- NMI
Natural and Medical Science Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Hadi Bakhshi
- Department
of Life Science and Bioprocesses, Fraunhofer
Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Functional Polymer Systems, Fraunhofer
Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katharina Rogg
- NMI
Natural and Medical Science Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ellena Fuhrmann
- NMI
Natural and Medical Science Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Wieland
- Department
of Functional Polymer Systems, Fraunhofer
Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI
Natural and Medical Science Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. for Medical Technologies and Regenerative
Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally
Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfdietrich Meyer
- Department
of Life Science and Bioprocesses, Fraunhofer
Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Functional Polymer Systems, Fraunhofer
Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hanna Hartmann
- NMI
Natural and Medical Science Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
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