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Patra P, Upadhyay TK, Alshammari N, Saeed M, Kesari KK. Alginate-Chitosan Biodegradable and Biocompatible Based Hydrogel for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy and Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3515-3534. [PMID: 38787337 PMCID: PMC11190989 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in females. There are many side effects due to chemotherapy and traditional surgery, like fatigue, loss of appetite, skin irritation, and drug resistance to cancer cells. Immunotherapy has become a hopeful approach toward cancer treatment, generating long-lasting immune responses in malignant tumor patients. Recently, hydrogel has received more attention toward cancer therapy due to its specific characteristics, such as decreased toxicity, fewer side effects, and better biocompatibility drug delivery to the particular tumor location. Researchers globally reported various investigations on hydrogel research for tumor diagnosis. The hydrogel-based multilayer platform with controlled nanostructure has received more attention for its antitumor effect. Chitosan and alginate play a leading role in the formation of the cross-link in a hydrogel. Also, they help in the stability of the hydrogel. This review discusses the properties, preparation, biocompatibility, and bioavailability of various research and clinical approaches of the multipolymer hydrogel made of alginate and chitosan for breast cancer treatment. With a focus on cases of breast cancer and the recovery rate, there is a need to find out the role of hydrogel in drug delivery for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikshya Patra
- Department
of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell
Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department
of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell
Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, University
of Hail, Hail 53962, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, University
of Hail, Hail 53962, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
- Centre
of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara
University, Rajpura 140417, Punjab, India
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2
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Wang TJ, Rethi L, Ku MY, Nguyen HT, Chuang AEY. A review on revolutionizing ophthalmic therapy: Unveiling the potential of chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, cyclodextrin, and poloxamer in eye disease treatments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132700. [PMID: 38879998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Ocular disorders, encompassing both common ailments like dry eye syndrome and more severe situations for instance age-related macular degeneration, present significant challenges to effective treatment due to the intricate architecture and physiological barriers of the eye. Polysaccharides are emerging as potential solutions for drug delivery to the eyes due to their compatibility with living organisms, natural biodegradability, and adhesive properties. In this review, we explore not only the recent advancements in polysaccharide-based technologies and their transformative potential in treating ocular illnesses, offering renewed optimism for both patients and professionals but also anatomy of the eye and the significant obstacles hindering drug transportation, followed by an investigation into various drug administration methods and their ability to overcome ocular-specific challenges. Our focus lies on biological adhesive polymers, including chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, cyclodextrin, and poloxamer, known for their adhesive characteristics enhancing drug retention on ocular surfaces and increasing bioavailability. A detailed analysis of material designs used in ophthalmic formulations, such as gels, lenses, eye drops, nanofibers, microneedles, microspheres, and nanoparticles, their advantages and limitations, the potential of formulations in improving therapeutic outcomes for various eye conditions. Moreover, we underscore the discovery of novel polysaccharides and their potential uses in ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lekshmi Rethi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yi Ku
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Andrew E-Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
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3
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Tang X, Liu J, Yan R, Peng Q. Carbohydrate polymer-based bioadhesive formulations and their potentials for the treatment of ocular diseases: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124902. [PMID: 37210054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Eyes are directly exposed to the outer environment and susceptible to infections, leading to various ocular disorders. Local medication is preferred to treat eye diseases due to its convenience and compliance. However, the rapid clearance of the local formulations highly limits the therapeutic efficacy. In the past decades, several carbohydrate bioadhesive polymers (CBPs), such as chitosan and hyaluronic acid, have been used in ophthalmology for sustained ocular drug delivery. These CBP-based delivery systems have improved the treatment of ocular diseases to a large extent but also caused some undesired effects. Herein, we aim to summarize the applications of some typical CBPs (including chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, cyclodextrin, alginate and pectin) in treating ocular diseases from the general view of ocular physiology, pathophysiology and drug delivery, and to provide a comprehensive understanding of the design of the CBP-based formulations for ocular use. The patents and clinical trials of CBPs for ocular management are also discussed. In addition, a discussion on the concerns of CBPs in clinical use and the possible solutions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruijiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Gamboa J, Paulo-Mirasol S, Estrany F, Torras J. Recent Progress in Biomedical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1720-1741. [PMID: 37115912 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are increasingly taking a more active role in health science. The current needs for the constant monitoring of biomedical signals, as well as the growing spending on public health, make it necessary to search for materials with a combination of properties such as biocompatibility, electroactivity, resorption, and high selectivity to certain bioanalytes. Conducting polymer hydrogels seem to be a very promising materials, since they present many of the necessary properties to be used as biosensors. Furthermore, their properties can be shaped and enhanced by designing conductive polymer hydrogel-based composites with more specific functionalities depending on the end application. This work will review the recent state of the art of different biological hydrogels for biosensor applications, discuss the properties of the different components alone and in combination, and reveal their high potential as candidate materials in the fabrication of all-organic diagnostic, wearable, and implantable sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Gamboa
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Sofia Paulo-Mirasol
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Francesc Estrany
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, Barcelona 08019, Spain
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Regu VR, Swain RP, Subudhi BB. Drug Delivery for Ocular Allergy: Current Formulation Design Strategies and Future Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2626-2639. [PMID: 37936454 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275375231030115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidences of ocular allergy have been growing with the increase in pollution. Because of challenges in new drug development, there have been efforts to maximize the efficacy of existing drugs through drug delivery approaches. The effectiveness of drugs in ophthalmic conditions is primarily determined by permeability across the barrier, corneal retention, and sustained release. Thus, there have been widespread efforts to optimize these parameters to enhance efficacy through novel formulations. This review aims to analyze the approaches to drug delivery systems to encourage further research to optimize effectiveness. With this objective, research on drug delivery aspects of anti-allergy therapeutics was included and analyzed based on formulation/drug delivery technique, Food and Drug Administration approval limits, residence time, compatibility, pre-clinical efficacy, and potential for translational application. Conventional eye drops have concerns such as poor residence time and ocular bioavailability. The novel formulations have the potential to improve residence and bioavailability. However, the use of preservatives and the lack of regulatory approval for polymers limit the translational application. The review may assist readers in identifying novel drug delivery strategies and their limitations for the development of effective ophthalmic formulations for the treatment of ocular allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varaprasada Rao Regu
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ranjit Prasad Swain
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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6
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Ross M, Mofford J, Tian JJ, Muirhead B, Hicks EA, Sheardown L, Sheardown H. Thermo-responsive and mucoadhesive gels for the treatment of cystinosis. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213235. [PMID: 36495841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive thermogels were developed by crosslinking poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) based polymers with chitosan and incorporating disulfide bridges, capable of releasing cysteamine upon interaction with mucin, for the treatment of cystinosis. Through crosslinking with chitosan and incorporating varying concentrations of the disulfide monomer into the polymer backbone, the extent of how mucoadhesive the developed thermogels were could be controlled. Through disulfide bridging with mucin, the thermogels released 6 to 10 μg of the conjugate model 2-mercaptopyridine over five days. Utilizing chitosan as the crosslinker, the developed thermogels were shown to degrade to a statistically higher extent following incubation with lysozyme, the highest concentration tear enzyme, by gravimetric and rheologic analysis. The developed thermogels were extensively tested in vivo utilizing a rat model in which materials were applied directly to the corneal surface and a rabbit model in which thermogels were applied to the inferior fornix. With the developed models, there was no adverse reactions or visual discomfort incurred following application of the thermogels. It has been demonstrated that the thermogels produced can be applied to the inferior fornix and release the stable conjugated payload over several days. The developed thermogel was designed to improve upon the current clinical treatment options for ocular cystinosis which are acidic topical formulations that require reapplication multiple times a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Ross
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Mofford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jennifer JingYuan Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Benjamin Muirhead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Emily Anne Hicks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lindsay Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Chandra NS, Gorantla S, Priya S, Singhvi G. Insight on updates in polysaccharides for ocular drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Guo C, Qi J, Liu J, Wang H, Liu Y, Feng Y, Xu G. The Ability of Biodegradable Thermosensitive Hydrogel Composite Calcium-Silicon-Based Bioactive Bone Cement in Promoting Osteogenesis and Repairing Rabbit Distal Femoral Defects. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183852. [PMID: 36145997 PMCID: PMC9503108 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are a global issue affecting the elderly population. To explore a new calcium silicate bone cement, polylactic acid (PLGA)–polyethylene glycol (PEG)–PLGA hydrogel was compounded with tricalcium silicate (C3S)/dicalcium silicate (C2S)/plaster of Paris (POP) to observe the hydration products and test physical and chemical properties. The cell compatibility and osteogenic capability were tested in vitro. The rabbit femoral condylar bone defect model was used to test its safety and effectiveness in vivo. The addition of hydrogel did not result in the formation of a new hydration product and significantly improved the injectability, anti-washout properties, and in vitro degradability of the bone cement. The cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 method showed significant proliferation of osteoblasts in bone cement. The Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity test showed that the bone cement had a superior osteogenic property in vitro. The computed tomography scan and gross anatomy at 12 weeks after surgery in the rabbit revealed that PLGA-PEG-PLGA/C3S/C2S/POP was mostly degraded, with the formation of new bone trabeculae and calli at the external orifice of the defect. Thus, PLGA-PEG-PLGA/C3S/C2S/POP composite bone cement has a positive effect on bone repair and provides a new strategy for the clinical application of bone tissue engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Junqiang Qi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | | | - Guohua Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-021818-86805
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Jiang YL, Niu S, Lin Z, Li L, Yang P, Rao P, Yang L, Jiang L, Sun L. Injectable hydrogel with dual-sensitive behavior for targeted delivery of oncostatin M to improve cardiac restoration after myocardial infarction. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6514-6531. [PMID: 35997155 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cardiovascular disease that seriously endangers human health and complex pathophysiology (e.g., coronary artery obstruction, myocardial apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis, etc.) is involved. Therein, the loss of cardiomyocytes after MI in adults leads to gradual heart failure, which probably brings irreparable damage to the patient. Unfortunately, due to a cluster of limitations, currently used MI repair approaches always exhibit simple functions, low efficiency, and can hardly match the myocardial ischemia environment and clinical needs. In this study, we selected oncostatin M (OSM), a pleiotropic cytokine belonging to the interleukin-6 family that possesses an important role in cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, cell proliferation, and regulation of inflammatory processes. Moreover, an injectable hydrogel with pH- and temperature-responsive behavior that can react with the acidic microenvironment of the ischemic myocardium was developed to deliver OSM locally. The functional hydrogel (poly (chitosan-co-citric acid-co-N-isopropyl acrylamide), P(CS-CA-NIPAM)) was fabricated by the facile reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and can be injected into the lesion site directly. After the gelation in situ, the OSM-loaded hydrogel exhibited continuous and localized release of OSM in response to specific pH and changes in MI rats, thereby accelerating angiogenesis and proliferation of cardiomyocytes, inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and improving cardiac function effectively. This study may provide a new perspective for the application of dual-sensitive hydrogels clinically, especially in tissue engineering for MI repair and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, P. R. China.
| | - Shiwei Niu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, P. R. China.
| | - Limei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng Rao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, P. R. China.
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Innovative Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650100, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, P. R. China.
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Gao XD, Zhang XB, Zhang RH, Yu DC, Chen XY, Hu YC, Chen L, Zhou HY. Aggressive strategies for regenerating intervertebral discs: stimulus-responsive composite hydrogels from single to multiscale delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5696-5722. [PMID: 35852563 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As our research on the physiopathology of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD degeneration, IVDD) has advanced and tissue engineering has rapidly evolved, cell-, biomolecule- and nucleic acid-based hydrogel grafting strategies have been widely investigated for their ability to overcome the harsh microenvironment of IVDD. However, such single delivery systems suffer from excessive external dimensions, difficult performance control, the need for surgical implantation, and difficulty in eliminating degradation products. Stimulus-responsive composite hydrogels have good biocompatibility and controllable mechanical properties and can undergo solution-gel phase transition under certain conditions. Their combination with ready-to-use particles to form a multiscale delivery system may be a breakthrough for regenerative IVD strategies. In this paper, we focus on summarizing the progress of research on the stimulus response mechanisms of regenerative IVD-related biomaterials and their design as macro-, micro- and nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss multi-scale delivery systems as bioinks for bio-3D printing technology for customizing personalized artificial IVDs, which promises to take IVD regenerative strategies to new heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Dan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao tong University, Shaanxi 710000, P. R. China.
| | - Rui-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China.
| | - De-Chen Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Cun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China.
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Smart Injectable Chitosan Hydrogels Loaded with 5-Fluorouracil for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030661. [PMID: 35336035 PMCID: PMC8950008 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of breast cancer requires long chemotherapy management, which is accompanied by severe side effects. Localized delivery of anticancer drugs helps to increase the drug concentration at the site of action and overcome such a problem. In the present study, chitosan hydrogel was prepared for local delivery of 5-Fluorouracil. The in vitro release behavior was investigated and the anticancer activity was evaluated against MCF-7 cells using MTT assay. The in vivo studies were investigated via intra-tumoral injection of a 5-FU loaded hydrogel into breast cancer of female rats. The results indicated that the modified hydrogel has excellent physicochemical properties with a sustained in vitro release profile matching a zero-order kinetic for one month. In addition, the hydrogel showed superior inhibition of cell viability compared with the untreated control group. Moreover, the in vivo studies resulted in antitumor activity with minor side effects. The tumor volume and level of tumor markers in blood were inhibited significantly by applying the hydrogel compared with the untreated control group. In conclusion, the designed injectable hydrogels are potential drug delivery systems for the treatment of breast cancer with a controlled drug release profile, which could be suitable for decreasing the side effects of chemotherapy agents.
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