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Ali M, Mohd Noor SNF, Mohamad H, Ullah F, Javed F, Abdul Hamid ZA. Advances in guided bone regeneration membranes: a comprehensive review of materials and techniques. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:032003. [PMID: 38224615 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad1e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Guided tissue/bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) is a widely used technique in dentistry to facilitate the regeneration of damaged bone and tissue, which involves guiding materials that eventually degrade, allowing newly created tissue to take its place. This comprehensive review the evolution of biomaterials for guided bone regeneration that showcases a progressive shift from non-resorbable to highly biocompatible and bioactive materials, allowing for more effective and predictable bone regeneration. The evolution of biomaterials for guided bone regeneration GTR/GBR has marked a significant progression in regenerative dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Biomaterials used in GBR have evolved over time to enhance biocompatibility, bioactivity, and efficacy in promoting bone growth and integration. This review also probes into several promising fabrication techniques like electrospinning and latest 3D printing fabrication techniques, which have shown potential in enhancing tissue and bone regeneration processes. Further, the challenges and future direction of GTR/GBR are explored and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor
- Dental Stimulation and Virtual Learning, Research Excellence Consortium, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hasmaliza Mohamad
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Faheem Ullah
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biopolymer Research Centre (BRC), National University of Medical Sciences, 46000, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Butto Women University Peshawar, Charsadda Road Laramma, 25000, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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He L, Zhao M, Cheung JPY, Zhang T, Ren X. Gaussian random field-based characterization and reconstruction of cancellous bone microstructure considering the constraint of correlation structure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106443. [PMID: 38308976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The macro scale physical properties of cancellous bone materials are governed by the microstructural features, which is of great significance for the multi-scale research of cancellous bone and the inverse design of bone-mimicking materials. Therefore, it is essential to characterize the natural cancellous bone samples, and reconstruct the microstructures with the biomimetic osteointegration and mechanical properties. In this research, a novel approach for the characterization and reconstruction of cancellous bone was proposed, based on the medical image analysis and anisotropic three-dimensional Gaussian random field (GRF). The geometric similarity, i.e. the interface curvature distribution (ISD), was meticulously studied, which is important to the osteointegration ability. And the mechanical properties were validated by the stress-strain curves under the large compressive strain simulated by the smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method. In addition, the effects of the generation parameters of GRF-based biomimetic microstructures on the apparent properties were analyzed. The ISD results demonstrated that both GRF and micro-CT groups had the similar columnar morphological properties, while the latter had more hyperbolic features. And it was found that the GRF-based biomimetic microstructures and the natural bone samples based on micro-CT (MCT) had the similar failure mode. The concordance correlation coefficient between MCT and GRF pairs was 0.8685, with a Pearson ρ value of 0.8804, and significance level p<0.0001. The Bland-Altman LoA was 0.1647 MPa with 95 % (1.96SD) lower and upper bound value between -0.2892 and 0.6185 MPa. The two groups had almost the same elastic modulus with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.84 %. While the yield stress and total conversion energy of the GRF-based samples were lower than those of the natural bone samples, and the MAPE were 16.99 % and 16.27 %, respectively. Although it meant the lower structural efficiency, the huge design space of this approach and advanced 3D printing technology can provide great potential for the design of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Moxin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xiaodan Ren
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Kallivokas SV, Kontaxis LC, Psarras S, Roumpi M, Ntousi O, Kakkos I, Deligianni D, Matsopoulos GK, Fotiadis DI, Kostopoulos V. A Combined Computational and Experimental Analysis of PLA and PCL Hybrid Nanocomposites 3D Printed Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. Biomedicines 2024; 12:261. [PMID: 38397863 PMCID: PMC10886521 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A combined computational and experimental study of 3D-printed scaffolds made from hybrid nanocomposite materials for potential applications in bone tissue engineering is presented. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA), enhanced with chitosan (CS) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), were investigated in respect of their mechanical characteristics and responses in fluidic environments. A novel scaffold geometry was designed, considering the requirements of cellular proliferation and mechanical properties. Specimens with the same dimensions and porosity of 45% were studied to fully describe and understand the yielding behavior. Mechanical testing indicated higher apparent moduli in the PLA-based scaffolds, while compressive strength decreased with CS/MWCNTs reinforcement due to nanoscale challenges in 3D printing. Mechanical modeling revealed lower stresses in the PLA scaffolds, attributed to the molecular mass of the filler. Despite modeling challenges, adjustments improved simulation accuracy, aligning well with experimental values. Material and reinforcement choices significantly influenced responses to mechanical loads, emphasizing optimal structural robustness. Computational fluid dynamics emphasized the significance of scaffold permeability and wall shear stress in influencing bone tissue growth. For an inlet velocity of 0.1 mm/s, the permeability value was estimated at 4.41 × 10-9 m2, which is in the acceptable range close to human natural bone permeability. The average wall shear stress (WSS) value that indicates the mechanical stimuli produced by cells was calculated to be 2.48 mPa, which is within the range of the reported literature values for promoting a higher proliferation rate and improving osteogenic differentiation. Overall, a holistic approach was utilized to achieve a delicate balance between structural robustness and optimal fluidic conditions, in order to enhance the overall performance of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros V. Kallivokas
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Lykourgos C. Kontaxis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Spyridon Psarras
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Roumpi
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ourania Ntousi
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Iοannis Kakkos
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Deligianni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George K. Matsopoulos
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassilis Kostopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Bakhtiari H, Nouri A, Khakbiz M, Tolouei-Rad M. Fatigue behaviour of load-bearing polymeric bone scaffolds: A review. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:16-37. [PMID: 37797705 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone scaffolds play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering by providing mechanical support for the growth of new tissue while enduring static and fatigue loads. Although polymers possess favourable characteristics such as adjustable degradation rate, tissue-compatible stiffness, ease of fabrication, and low toxicity, their relatively low mechanical strength has limited their use in load-bearing applications. While numerous studies have focused on assessing the static strength of polymeric scaffolds, little research has been conducted on their fatigue properties. The current review presents a comprehensive study on the fatigue behaviour of polymeric bone scaffolds. The fatigue failure in polymeric scaffolds is discussed and the impact of material properties, topological features, loading conditions, and environmental factors are also examined. The present review also provides insight into the fatigue damage evolution within polymeric scaffolds, drawing comparisons to the behaviour observed in natural bone. Additionally, the effect of polymer microstructure, incorporating reinforcing materials, the introduction of topological features, and hydrodynamic/corrosive impact of body fluids in the fatigue life of scaffolds are discussed. Understanding these parameters is crucial for enhancing the fatigue resistance of polymeric scaffolds and holds promise for expanding their application in clinical settings as structural biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Polymers have promising advantages for bone tissue engineering, including adjustable degradation rates, compatibility with native bone stiffness, ease of fabrication, and low toxicity. However, their limited mechanical strength has hindered their use in load-bearing scaffolds for clinical applications. While prior studies have addressed static behaviour of polymeric scaffolds, a comprehensive review of their fatigue performance is lacking. This review explores this gap, addressing fatigue characteristics, failure mechanisms, and the influence of parameters like material properties, topological features, loading conditions, and environmental factors. It also examines microstructure, reinforcement materials, pore architectures, body fluids, and tissue ingrowth effects on fatigue behaviour. A significant emphasis is placed on understanding fatigue damage progression in polymeric scaffolds, comparing it to natural bone behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Bakhtiari
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (CAMM), School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Alireza Nouri
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Khakbiz
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, North Kargar Ave., PO Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Tolouei-Rad
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (CAMM), School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
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Liang J, Liu P, Yang X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhao H. Biomaterial-based scaffolds in promotion of cartilage regeneration: Recent advances and emerging applications. J Orthop Translat 2023; 41:54-62. [PMID: 37691640 PMCID: PMC10485599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant burden for countless individuals, inflicting relentless pain and impairing their quality of life. Although traditional treatments for OA focus on pain management and surgical interventions, they often fall short of addressing the underlying cause of the disease. Fortunately, emerging biomaterial-based scaffolds offer hope for OA therapy, providing immense promise for cartilage regeneration in OA. These innovative scaffolds are ingeniously designed to provide support and mimic the intricate structure of the natural extracellular matrix, thus stimulating the regeneration of damaged cartilage. In this comprehensive review, we summarize and discuss current landscape of biomaterial-based scaffolds for cartilage regeneration in OA. Furthermore, we delve into the diverse range of biomaterials employed in their construction and explore the cutting-edge techniques utilized in their fabrication. By examining both preclinical and clinical studies, we aim to illuminate the remarkable versatility and untapped potential of biomaterial-based scaffolds in the context of OA. Thetranslational potential of this article By thoroughly examining the current state of research and clinical studies, this review provides valuable insights that bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and practical application. This knowledge is crucial for clinicians and researchers who strive to develop innovative treatments that go beyond symptom management and directly target the underlying cause of OA. Through the comprehensive analysis and multidisciplinary approach, the review paves the way for the translation of scientific knowledge into practical applications, ultimately improving the lives of individuals suffering from OA and shaping the future of orthopedic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinquan Yang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Foroughi AH, Valeri C, Jiang D, Ning F, Razavi M, Razavi MJ. Understanding compressive viscoelastic properties of additively manufactured PLA for bone-mimetic scaffold design. Med Eng Phys 2023; 114:103972. [PMID: 37030896 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.103972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has been recognized as a promising strategy to repair or replace damaged bone tissues. The mechanical properties of bone scaffolds play a critical role in successful bone regeneration, as it is essential to match the mechanical properties of the scaffold with the surrounding bone tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of fused deposition modeling (FDM) process parameters, including printing speed, printing temperature, and layer thickness, on the compressive viscoelastic properties of polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds. The compressive viscoelastic properties of bulk PLA specimens were characterized using a Zhu-Wang-Tang (ZWT) constitutive model under different compressive strain rates. A comprehensive statistical analysis comprising multivariate and univariate analysis of variance (MANOVA and ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc analysis was utilized to quantify the effect of each FDM parameter on the viscoelastic mechanical properties of the PLA specimens. Subsequently, we fabricated modified face-centered cubic (MFCC) scaffolds using FDM and varied the FDM process parameters to achieve a compressive viscoelastic response that matched the natural trabecular bone tissue. The viscoelastic performance of the MFCC scaffolds was compared with traditional orthogonal cylindrical struts (OCS) scaffolds. Our methodology contributes to the design of bone-mimetic scaffolds with optimized mechanical properties by controlling FDM process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Foroughi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Caleb Valeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Dayue Jiang
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Fuda Ning
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Masoud Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mir Jalil Razavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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Jing P, Luo Y, Wang L, Tan J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhang S. An oligomeric hyaluronic acid-GX1 molecular target drug with polyvalent targeting to CD44 and VEGF receptors. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 144:213217. [PMID: 36502748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The off-target toxicity of molecular targeted drug hinders its clinical transformation. Herein, we report a new molecular targeted drug oHA-GX1 constructed by oligomeric hyaluronan (oHA) and peptide GX1 (CGNSNPKSC). The oHA-GX1 can not only suppress the tumor growth by interacting with overexpressed VEGF and CD44 receptors inside tumor tissues, but also reduce the likelihood of off-target toxicity due to the multiple VEGF and CD44 receptors binding sites. The cytotoxicity study shows that the IC50oHA-GX1 against co-SGC-7901 and co-HUVEC cells fell in the range of common cytotoxic drugs. The animal experiment results reveal that the tumor inhibition rate of oHA-GX1 (100 mg/kg) against SGC-7901 tumor-bearing mice were 78.4 %, which was comparable to that of front-line chemotherapy drugs. Also, the cytotoxicity study on normal cells, hemolysis test, hemagglutination assay and the acute toxicity test demonstrate that oHA-GX1 exhibited excellent biosafety. This molecular targeted drug that utilizes the multiple receptor-binding sites to get rid of the side effects caused by off-target paves a new direction for the discovery of anticancer drugs with high efficacy and low adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Jing
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Yuling Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiangbing Tan
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yun Chen
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
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