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Wu Q, Wu M, Zhang K, Sun R, Li H, Tong J, Guo Y. Regulatory T cells as a therapeutic target in acute myocardial infarction. Mol Immunol 2024; 172:17-22. [PMID: 38865800 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), mainly triggered by vascular occlusion or thrombosis, is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among all cardiovascular diseases. The devastating consequences of AMI are further aggravated by the intricate cellular processes involved in inflammation. In the past two decades, many studies have reported that regulatory T cells (Tregs), as the main immunoregulatory cells, play a crucial role in AMI progression. This review offers a comprehensive insight into the intricate relationship between Tregs and AMI development. Moreover, it explores emerging therapeutic strategies that focus on Tregs and their exosomes. Furthermore, we underscore the importance of employing noninvasive in vivo imaging techniques to advance the clinical applications of Tregs-based treatments in AMI. Although further research is essential to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Tregs, therapies tailored to these cells hold immense potential for the treatment of patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiHong Wu
- Sichuan University, West China Second University Hospital, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Mengyue Wu
- Sichuan University, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Sichuan University, West China Second University Hospital, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ran Sun
- Sichuan University, West China Second University Hospital, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Sichuan University, West China Second University Hospital, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Jiyu Tong
- Sichuan University, West China Second University Hospital, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Sichuan University, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yingkun Guo
- Sichuan University, West China Second University Hospital, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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2
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Yuan S, Hu Q. Convergence of nanomedicine and neutrophils for drug delivery. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:150-166. [PMID: 38318228 PMCID: PMC10839777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have recently emerged as promising carriers for drug delivery due to their unique properties including rapid response toward inflammation, chemotaxis, and transmigration. When integrated with nanotechnology that has enormous advantages in improving treatment efficacy and reducing side effects, neutrophil-based nano-drug delivery systems have expanded the repertoire of nanoparticles employed in precise therapeutic interventions by either coating nanoparticles with their membranes, loading nanoparticles inside living cells, or engineering chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-neutrophils. These neutrophil-inspired therapies have shown superior biocompatibility, targeting ability, and therapeutic robustness. In this review, we summarized the benefits of combining neutrophils and nanotechnologies, the design principles and underlying mechanisms, and various applications in disease treatments. The challenges and prospects for neutrophil-based drug delivery systems were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
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Scafa Udriște A, Burdușel AC, Niculescu AG, Rădulescu M, Grumezescu AM. Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1001. [PMID: 38256075 PMCID: PMC10815551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability. While there are many therapeutic alternatives available for the management of CVDs, the majority of classic therapeutic strategies were found to be ineffective at stopping or significantly/additionally slowing the progression of these diseases, or they had unfavorable side effects. Numerous metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have been created to overcome these limitations, demonstrating encouraging possibilities in the treatment of CVDs due to advancements in nanotechnology. Metallic nanomaterials, including gold, silver, and iron, come in various shapes, sizes, and geometries. Metallic NPs are generally smaller and have more specialized physical, chemical, and biological properties. Metal-based NPs may come in various forms, such as nanoshells, nanorods, and nanospheres, and they have been studied the most. Massive potential applications for these metal nanomaterial structures include supporting molecular imaging, serving as drug delivery systems, enhancing radiation-based anticancer therapy, supplying photothermal transforming effects for thermal therapy, and being compounds with bactericidal, fungicidal, and antiviral qualities that may be helpful for cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present paper aims to review the applications of relevant metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in CVDs, creating an up-to-date framework that aids researchers in developing more efficient treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Scafa Udriște
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Cristina Burdușel
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania (A.-G.N.)
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania (A.-G.N.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania (A.-G.N.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Wang X, Bai R. Advances in smart delivery of magnetic field-targeted drugs in cardiovascular diseases. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2256495. [PMID: 37702067 PMCID: PMC10501169 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2256495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Drug Targeting (MDT) is of particular interest to researchers because of its good loading efficiency, targeting accuracy, and versatile use in vivo. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a global chronic disease with a high mortality rate, and the development of more precise and effective treatments is imminent. A growing number of studies have begun to explore the feasibility of MDT in CVD, but an up-to-date systematic summary is still lacking. This review discusses the current research status of MDT from guiding magnetic fields, magnetic nanocarriers, delivery channels, drug release control, and safety assessment. The current application status of MDT in CVD is also critically introduced. On this basis, new insights into the existing problems and future optimization directions of MDT are further highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruru Bai
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Bernava G, Iop L. Advances in the design, generation, and application of tissue-engineered myocardial equivalents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1247572. [PMID: 37811368 PMCID: PMC10559975 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1247572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited regenerative ability of cardiomyocytes, the disabling irreversible condition of myocardial failure can only be treated with conservative and temporary therapeutic approaches, not able to repair the damage directly, or with organ transplantation. Among the regenerative strategies, intramyocardial cell injection or intravascular cell infusion should attenuate damage to the myocardium and reduce the risk of heart failure. However, these cell delivery-based therapies suffer from significant drawbacks and have a low success rate. Indeed, cardiac tissue engineering efforts are directed to repair, replace, and regenerate native myocardial tissue function. In a regenerative strategy, biomaterials and biomimetic stimuli play a key role in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and neo-tissue formation. Thus, appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues should be combined with scaffolds emulating extracellular matrix in order to support cell growth and prompt favorable cardiac microenvironment and tissue regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments that occurred in the biomimetic design and fabrication of cardiac scaffolds and patches. Furthermore, we sift in vitro and in situ strategies in several preclinical and clinical applications. Finally, we evaluate the possible use of bioengineered cardiac tissue equivalents as in vitro models for disease studies and drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua Medical School, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Li J, Wang H. Selective organ targeting nanoparticles: from design to clinical translation. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1155-1173. [PMID: 37427677 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00145h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeting nanoparticle is a very promising therapeutic approach that can precisely target specific sites to treat diseases. Research on nanoscale drug delivery systems has made great progress in the past few years, making targeting nanoparticles a promising prospect. However, selective targeting nanoparticles designed for specific organs still face several challenges, one of which is the unknown fate of nanoparticles in vivo. This review starts with the in vivo journey of nanoparticles and describes the biological barriers and some targeting strategies for nanoparticles to target specific organs. Then, through the collection of literature in recent years, the design of selective targeting nanoparticles for various organs is illustrated, which provides a reference strategy for people to study the design of selective organ targeting nanoparticles. Ultimately, the prospect and challenge of selective organ targeting nanoparticles are discussed by collecting the data of clinical trials and marketed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Reporter Genes for Brain Imaging Using MRI, SPECT and PET. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158443. [PMID: 35955578 PMCID: PMC9368793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular imaging technologies for brain imaging can not only play an important supporting role in disease diagnosis and treatment but can also be used to deeply study brain functions. Recently, with the support of reporter gene technology, optical imaging has achieved a breakthrough in brain function studies at the molecular level. Reporter gene technology based on traditional clinical imaging modalities is also expanding. By benefiting from the deeper imaging depths and wider imaging ranges now possible, these methods have led to breakthroughs in preclinical and clinical research. This article focuses on the applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene technologies for use in brain imaging. The tracking of cell therapies and gene therapies is the most successful and widely used application of these techniques. Meanwhile, breakthroughs have been achieved in the research and development of reporter genes and their imaging probe pairs with respect to brain function research. This paper introduces the imaging principles and classifications of the reporter gene technologies of these imaging modalities, lists the relevant brain imaging applications, reviews their characteristics, and discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by clinical imaging modalities based on reporter gene technology. The conclusion is provided in the last section.
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Canjuga D, Steinle H, Mayer J, Uhde AK, Klein G, Wendel HP, Schlensak C, Avci-Adali M. Homing of mRNA-Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Inflamed Endothelium. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061194. [PMID: 35745767 PMCID: PMC9229815 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are one of the most important stem cells for the neovascularization of tissues damaged by ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or critical limb ischemia. However, their low homing efficiency in the treatment of ischemic tissues limits their potential clinical applications. The use of synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) for cell engineering represents a novel and promising technology for the modulation of cell behavior and tissue regeneration. To improve the therapeutic potential of EPCs, in this study, murine EPCs were engineered with synthetic mRNAs encoding C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) to increase the homing and migration efficiency of EPCs to inflamed endothelium. Flow cytometric measurements revealed that the transfection of EPCs with CXCR4 and PSGL-1 mRNA resulted in increased expressions of CXCR4 and PSGL-1 on the cell surface compared with the unmodified EPCs. The transfection of EPCs with mRNAs did not affect cell viability. CXCR4-mRNA-modified EPCs showed significantly higher migration potential than unmodified cells in a chemotactic migration assay. The binding strength of the EPCs to inflamed endothelium was determined with single-cell atomic force microscopy (AFM). This showed that the mRNA-modified EPCs required a three-fold higher detachment force to be released from the TNF-α-activated endothelium than unmodified EPCs. Furthermore, in a dynamic flow model, significantly increased binding of the mRNA-modified EPCs to inflamed endothelium was detected. This study showed that the engineering of EPCs with homing factors encoding synthetic mRNAs increases the homing and migration potentials of these stem cells to inflamed endothelium. Thus, this strategy represents a promising strategy to increase the therapeutic potential of EPCs for the treatment of ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Canjuga
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Heidrun Steinle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Jana Mayer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Ann-Kristin Uhde
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Gerd Klein
- Center for Medical Research, Department of Medicine II, University of Tuebingen, Waldhörnlestraße 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-29-86605; Fax: +49-7071-29-3617
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Meng Y, Sun J, Zhang G, Yu T, Piao H. Approaches for neutrophil imaging: an important step in personalized medicine. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14844-14855. [PMID: 36469646 PMCID: PMC9728467 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2096303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. They are key components of the innate immune system. Neutrophils also cause tissue damage in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and play an important role in cancer progression. Due to the complex relationship between various diseases and neutrophils, these cells have become potentially important targets for therapeutic interventions. Monitoring neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment is critical for tumor treatment and prognostic analysis but remains challenging. Molecular imaging technology has made great progress as a valuable tool for noninvasively visualizing biological events and establishing effective cancer diagnoses and treatment methods. Molecular probes designed based on the characteristics of neutrophils, such as their flexible morphology, the abundance of surface receptors, and the absence of immunogenicity, have shown great potential. This has created an opportunity for novel ideas and research methods for the diagnosis and targeted therapy of inflammatory diseases and tumors, with the goal of integrated diagnosis and treatment. This review discusses the diverse tumor detection and diagnostic imaging strategies based on neutrophils. It is anticipated that neutrophil-based imaging will soon be gradually integrated into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biobank, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China,CONTACT Tao Yu Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital, No. 44, Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning110042, China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China,Haozhe Piao Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital, No. 44, Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
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