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Hussain M, Khan SM, Shafiq M, Abbas N, Sajjad U, Hamid K. Advances in biodegradable materials: Degradation mechanisms, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility for orthopedic applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32713. [PMID: 39027458 PMCID: PMC11254538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mg-based and Zn-based biodegradable materials have the potential to become the next-generation implant materials to treat bone diseases, because of their desired degradation and mechanical properties. This article reviews the status of these implant materials. The required properties of biodegradable materials such as biodegradability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility for performance evaluation were briefly discussed. The influence of fabrication techniques, microstructure, alloying elements, and post-processing techniques on the properties of Mg and Zn-based materials was addressed. The degradation mechanism by dissolution, oxidation, and interaction with human body cells was discussed. The biocompatibility of Mg and Zn-based biodegradable materials was analyzed. The significance of in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility testing was highlighted, emphasizing the superiority of in vivo results over cell line studies. This article identifies the many Mg and Zn-based biodegradable materials and summarizes the key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Hussain
- Institute of Polymer & Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Maqsood Khan
- Institute of Polymer & Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Institute of Polymer & Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Abbas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Uzair Sajjad
- Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Khalid Hamid
- Process and Power Research Group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Han Y, Tong X, Zhou R, Wang Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Hong X, Wu L, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Hu C, Li B, Ping Y, Cao Z, Ye Z, Song Z, Li Y, Wen C, Zhou Y, Lin J, Huang S. Biodegradable Zn-5Dy Alloy with Enhanced Osteo/Angio-Genic Activity and Osteointegration Effect via Regulation of SIRT4-Dependent Mitochondrial Function. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307812. [PMID: 38243646 PMCID: PMC10987155 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn)-dysprosium (Dy) binary alloys are promising biodegradable bone fracture fixation implants owing to their attractive biodegradability and mechanical properties. However, their clinical application is a challenge for bone fracture healing, due to the lack of Zn-Dy alloys with tailored proper bio-mechanical and osteointegration properties for bone regeneration. A Zn-5Dy alloy with high strength and ductility and a degradation rate aligned with the bone remodeling cycle is developed. Here, mechanical stability is further confirmed, proving that Zn-5Dy alloy can resist aging in the degradation process, thus meeting the mechanical requirements of fracture fixation. In vitro cellular experiments reveal that the Zn-5Dy alloy enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis by elevating SIRT4-mediated mitochondrial function. In vivo Micro-CT, SEM-EDS, and immunohistochemistry analyses further indicate good biosafety, suitable biodegradation rate, and great osteointegration of Zn-5Dy alloy during bone healing, which also depends on the upregulation of SIRT4-mediated mitochondrial events. Overall, the study is the first to report a Zn-5Dy alloy that exerts remarkable osteointegration properties and has a strong potential to promote bone healing. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of mitochondrial modulation and shall guide the future development of mitochondria-targeting materials in enhancing bone fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xian Tong
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Runqi Zhou
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Yuge Chen
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Department of DentistryFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonT6G2R3Canada
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xinhua Hong
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Linmei Wu
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xuejia Zhang
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Chaoming Hu
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Yifan Ping
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Zelin Cao
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental CareFaculty of DentistryUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of PeriodontologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200125China
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of ProsthodonticsNational Center for StomatologyNational Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical DevicesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyResearch Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of HealthPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
| | - Jixing Lin
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Shengbin Huang
- Institute of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
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Wang P, Gong Y, Zhou G, Ren W, Wang X. Biodegradable Implants for Internal Fixation of Fractures and Accelerated Bone Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27920-27931. [PMID: 37576626 PMCID: PMC10413843 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Bone fractures have always been a burden to patients due to their common occurrence and severe complications. Traditionally, operative treatments have been widely used in the clinic for implanting, despite the fact that they can only achieve bone fixation with limited stability and pose no effect on promoting tissue growth. In addition, the nondegradable implants usually need a secondary surgery for implant removal, otherwise they may block the regeneration of bones resulting in bone nonunion. To overcome the low degradability of implants and avoid multiple surgeries, tissue engineers have investigated various biodegradable materials for bone regeneration, whereas the significance of stability of long-term bone fixation tends to be neglected during this process. Combining the traditional orthopedic implantation surgeries and emerging tissue engineering, we believe that both bone fixation and bone regeneration are indispensable factors for a successful bone repair. Herein, we define such a novel idea as bone regenerative fixation (BRF), which should be the main future development trend of biodegradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department
of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department
of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department
of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Institute
of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central
Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Institute
of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central
Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Department
of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Institute
of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central
Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
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Gąsior G, Grodzicka M, Jędrzejewski T, Wiśniewski M, Radtke A. Comparative Study of Porous Iron Foams for Biodegradable Implants: Structural Analysis and In Vitro Assessment. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:293. [PMID: 37367257 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metal systems are the future of modern implantology. This publication describes the preparation of porous iron-based materials using a simple, affordable replica method on a polymeric template. We obtained two iron-based materials with different pore sizes for potential application in cardiac surgery implants. The materials were compared in terms of their corrosion rate (using immersion and electrochemical methods) and their cytotoxic activity (indirect test on three cell lines: mouse L929 fibroblasts, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAMSC), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)). Our research proved that the material being too porous might have a toxic effect on cell lines due to rapid corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gąsior
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marlena Grodzicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska Street 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marek Wiśniewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Radtke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Recent Developments in Zn-Based Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:jfb14010001. [PMID: 36662048 PMCID: PMC9865652 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn-based biodegradable alloys or composites have the potential to be developed to next-generation orthopedic implants as alternatives to conventional implants to avoid revision surgeries and to reduce biocompatibility issues. This review summarizes the current research status on Zn-based biodegradable materials. The biological function of Zn, design criteria for orthopedic implants, and corrosion behavior of biodegradable materials are briefly discussed. The performance of many novel zinc-based biodegradable materials is evaluated in terms of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. Zn-based materials perform a significant role in bone metabolism and the growth of new cells and show medium degradation without the release of excessive hydrogen. The addition of alloying elements such as Mg, Zr, Mn, Ca, and Li into pure Zn enhances the mechanical properties of Zn alloys. Grain refinement by the application of post-processing techniques is effective for the development of many suitable Zn-based biodegradable materials.
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Wang Z, Wang W, Zhang X, Cao F, Zhang T, Bhakta Pokharel D, Chen D, Li J, Yang J, Xiao C, Ren Y, Qin G, Zhao D. Modulation of Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis Activities Based on Ionic Release from Zn-Mg Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15207117. [PMID: 36295204 PMCID: PMC9608845 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of osteogenesis and angiogenesis remains a great challenge for the successful regeneration of engineered tissue. Biodegradable Mg and Zn alloys have received increasing interest as potential biodegradable metallic materials, partially due to the biological functions of Mg2+ and Zn2+ with regard to osteogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively. In the present study, novel biodegradable Zn-xMg (x = 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 wt.%) alloys were designed and fabricated, and the effects of adding different amounts of Mg to the Zn matrix were investigated. The osteogenesis and angiogenesis beneficial effects of Zn2+ and Mg2+ release during the biodegradation were characterized, demonstrating coordination with the bone regeneration process in a dose-dependent manner. The results show that increased Mg content leads to a higher amount of released Mg2+ while decreasing the Zn2+ concentration in the extract. The osteogenesis of pre-osteoblasts was promoted in Zn-0.5Mg and Zn-1Mg due to the higher concentration of Mg2+. Moreover, pure Zn extract presented the highest activity in angiogenesis, owing to the highest concentration of Zn2+ release (6.415 μg/mL); the proliferation of osteoblast cells was, however, inhibited under such a high Zn2+ concentration. Although the concentration of Zn ion was decreased in Zn-0.5Mg and Zn-1Mg compared with pure Zn, the angiogenesis was not influenced when the concentration of Mg in the extract was sufficiently increased. Hence, Mg2+ and Zn2+ in Zn-Mg alloys show a dual modulation effect. The Zn-0.5Mg alloy was indicated to be a promising implant candidate due to demonstrating the appropriate activity in regulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The present work evaluates the effect of the Mg content in Zn-based alloys on biological activities, and the results provide guidance regarding the Zn-Mg composition in designs for orthopedic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Weidan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
| | - Durga Bhakta Pokharel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Chi Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Yuping Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
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