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Guptha PM, Kanoujia J, Kishore A, Raina N, Wahi A, Gupta PK, Gupta M. A comprehensive review of the application of 3D-bioprinting in chronic wound management. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38809187 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2355184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic wounds require more sophisticated care than standard wound care because they are becoming more severe as a result of diseases like diabetes. By resolving shortcomings in existing methods, 3D-bioprinting offers a viable path toward personalized, mechanically strong, and cell-stimulating wound dressings. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the drawbacks of traditional approaches while navigating the difficulties of managing chronic wounds. The conversation revolves around employing natural biomaterials for customized dressings, with a particular emphasis on 3D-bioprinting. A thorough understanding of the uses of 3D-printed dressings in a range of chronic wound scenarios is provided by insights into recent research and patents. EXPERT OPINION The expert view recognizes wounds as a historical human ailment and emphasizes the growing difficulties and expenses related to wound treatment. The expert acknowledges that 3D printing is revolutionary, but also points out that it is still in its infancy and has the potential to enhance mass production rather than replace it. The review highlights the benefits of 3D printing for wound dressings by providing instances of smart materials that improve treatment results by stimulating angiogenesis, reducing pain, and targeting particular enzymes. The expert advises taking action to convert the technology's prospective advantages into real benefits for patients, even in the face of resistance to change in the healthcare industry. It is believed that the increasing evidence from in-vivo studies is promising and represents a positive change in the treatment of chronic wounds toward sophisticated 3D-printed dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovita Kanoujia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, India
| | - Ankita Kishore
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, India
| | - Neha Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Wahi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Zhou Z, Liu J, Xiong T, Liu Y, Tuan RS, Li ZA. Engineering Innervated Musculoskeletal Tissues for Regenerative Orthopedics and Disease Modeling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310614. [PMID: 38200684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders significantly burden patients and society, resulting in high healthcare costs and productivity loss. These disorders are the leading cause of physical disability, and their prevalence is expected to increase as sedentary lifestyles become common and the global population of the elderly increases. Proper innervation is critical to maintaining MSK function, and nerve damage or dysfunction underlies various MSK disorders, underscoring the potential of restoring nerve function in MSK disorder treatment. However, most MSK tissue engineering strategies have overlooked the significance of innervation. This review first expounds upon innervation in the MSK system and its importance in maintaining MSK homeostasis and functions. This will be followed by strategies for engineering MSK tissues that induce post-implantation in situ innervation or are pre-innervated. Subsequently, research progress in modeling MSK disorders using innervated MSK organoids and organs-on-chips (OoCs) is analyzed. Finally, the future development of engineering innervated MSK tissues to treat MSK disorders and recapitulate disease mechanisms is discussed. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying principles, engineering methods, and applications of innervated MSK tissues, paving the way for the development of targeted, efficacious therapies for various MSK conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tiandi Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
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Alonso-Fernández I, Haugen HJ, Nogueira LP, López-Álvarez M, González P, López-Peña M, González-Cantalapiedra A, Muñoz-Guzón F. Enhanced Bone Healing in Critical-Sized Rabbit Femoral Defects: Impact of Helical and Alternate Scaffold Architectures. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1243. [PMID: 38732711 PMCID: PMC11085737 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of scaffold architecture on bone regeneration, focusing on 3D-printed polylactic acid-bioceramic calcium phosphate (PLA-bioCaP) composite scaffolds in rabbit femoral condyle critical defects. We explored two distinct scaffold designs to assess their influence on bone healing and scaffold performance. Structures with alternate (0°/90°) and helical (0°/45°/90°/135°/180°) laydown patterns were manufactured with a 3D printer using a fused deposition modeling technique. The scaffolds were meticulously characterized for pore size, strut thickness, porosity, pore accessibility, and mechanical properties. The in vivo efficacy of these scaffolds was evaluated using a femoral condyle critical defect model in eight skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits. Then, the results were analyzed micro-tomographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. Our findings indicate that both scaffold architectures are biocompatible and support bone formation. The helical scaffolds, characterized by larger pore sizes and higher porosity, demonstrated significantly greater bone regeneration than the alternate structures. However, their lower mechanical strength presented limitations for use in load-bearing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Alonso-Fernández
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Liebert Parreiras Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Miriam López-Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías, Energía y Procesos Industriales (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.L.-Á.); (P.G.)
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pío González
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías, Energía y Procesos Industriales (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.L.-Á.); (P.G.)
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
| | - Fernando Muñoz-Guzón
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
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Qiu Z, Lin X, Zou L, Fu W, Lv H. Effect of graphene oxide/ poly-L-lactic acid composite scaffold on the biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:413. [PMID: 38575940 PMCID: PMC10993485 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering has attracted recent attention as a promising bone repair and reconstruction approach. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are pluripotent and can differentiate into bone cells with the correct environment and substrate. Therefore, suitable scaffold materials are essential for fabricating functional three-dimensional (3D) tissue and tissue regeneration. Composite scaffolds consisting of biodegradable polymers are very promising constructs. This study aims to verify the biological function of human DPSCs seeded onto composite scaffolds based on graphene oxide (GO) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). METHODS The surface morphology was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical composition was evaluated with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of GO/PLLA scaffolds was assessed using phalloidin staining of cytoskeletal actin filaments, live/dead staining, and a CCK-8 assay. The effect of GO/PLLA scaffolds on cell osteogenic differentiation was detected through ALP staining, ALP activity assays, and alizarin red S staining, complemented by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS Our data showed that GO and PLLA are successfully integrated and the GO/PLLA scaffolds exhibit favorable bioactivity and biocompatibility towards DPSCs. Additionally, it was observed that the 0.15% GO/PLLA scaffold group promoted DPSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by forming more calcium nodules, showing a higher intensity of ALP staining and ALP activity, and enhancing the expression levels of differentiation marker genes RUNX2 and COL1. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the GO/PLLA scaffold is a feasible composite material suitable for cell culture and holds promising applications for oral bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailing Qiu
- Oral Center, Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luning Zou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihao Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Shi Q, Chen J, Chen J, Liu Y, Wang H. Application of additively manufactured bone scaffold: a systematic review. Biofabrication 2024; 16:022007. [PMID: 38507799 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad35e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology plays a significant role in various fields, incorporating a wide range of cutting-edge technologies such as aerospace, medical treatment, electronic information, and materials. It is currently widely adopted for medical services, national defense, and industrial manufacturing. In recent years, AM has also been extensively employed to produce bone scaffolds and implant materials. Through AM, products can be manufactured without being constrained by complex internal structures. AM is particularly advantageous in the production of macroscopically irregular and microscopically porous biomimetic bone scaffolds, with short production cycles required. In this paper, AM commonly used to produce bone scaffolds and orthopedic implants is overviewed to analyze the different materials and structures adopted for AM. The applications of antibacterial bone scaffolds and bone scaffolds in biologically relevant animal models are discussed. Also, the influence on the comprehensive performance of product mechanics, mass transfer, and biology is explored. By identifying the reasons for the limited application of existing AM in the biomedical field, the solutions are proposed. This study provides an important reference for the future development of AM in the field of orthopedic healthcare. In conclusion, various AM technologies, the requirements of bone scaffolds and the important role of AM in building bridges between biomaterials, additives, and bone tissue engineering scaffolds are described and highlighted. Nevertheless, more caution should be exercised when designing bone scaffolds and conducting in vivo trials, due to the lack of standardized processes, which prevents the accuracy of results and reduces the reliability of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibing Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongze Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, He H, Miao F, Yu M, Wu X, Liu Y, Fu J, Chen J, Ma L, Chen X, Peng X, You Z, Zhou C. 3D-printed PCL framework assembling ECM-inspired multi-layer mineralized GO-Col-HAp microscaffold for in situ mandibular bone regeneration. J Transl Med 2024; 22:224. [PMID: 38429799 PMCID: PMC10908055 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, natural bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-inspired materials have found widespread application as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. However, the challenge of creating scaffolds that mimic natural bone ECM's mechanical strength and hierarchical nano-micro-macro structures remains. The purposes of this study were to introduce an innovative bone ECM-inspired scaffold that integrates a 3D-printed framework with hydroxyapatite (HAp) mineralized graphene oxide-collagen (GO-Col) microscaffolds and find its application in the repair of mandibular bone defects. METHODS Initially, a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold was designed with cubic disks and square pores to mimic the macrostructure of bone ECM. Subsequently, we developed multi-layer mineralized GO-Col-HAp microscaffolds (MLM GCH) to simulate natural bone ECM's nano- and microstructural features. Systematic in vitro and in vivo experiments were introduced to evaluate the ECM-inspired structure of the scaffold and to explore its effect on cell proliferation and its ability to repair rat bone defects. RESULTS The resultant MLM GCH/PCL composite scaffolds exhibited robust mechanical strength and ample assembly space. Moreover, the ECM-inspired MLM GCH microscaffolds displayed favorable attributes such as water absorption and retention and demonstrated promising cell adsorption, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The MLM GCH/PCL composite scaffolds exhibited successful bone regeneration within mandibular bone defects in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a well-conceived strategy for fabricating ECM-inspired scaffolds by integrating 3D-printed PCL frameworks with multilayer mineralized porous microscaffolds, enhancing cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and bone regeneration. This construction approach holds the potential for extension to various other biomaterial types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Fang Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Mingwei Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xixi Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liya Ma
- The Centre of Analysis and Measurement of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangru Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ximing Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhen You
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Chuchao Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Darghiasi SF, Farazin A, Ghazali HS. Design of bone scaffolds with calcium phosphate and its derivatives by 3D printing: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106391. [PMID: 38211501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a fascinating field that combines biology, engineering, and medicine to create artificial tissues and organs. It involves using living cells, biomaterials, and bioengineering techniques to develop functional tissues that can be used to replace or repair damaged or diseased organs in the human body. The process typically starts by obtaining cells from the patient or a donor. These cells are then cultured and grown in a laboratory under controlled conditions. Scaffold materials, such as biodegradable polymers or natural extracellular matrices, are used to provide support and structure for the growing cells. 3D bone scaffolds are a fascinating application within the field of tissue engineering. These scaffolds are designed to mimic the structure and properties of natural bone tissue and serve as a temporary framework for new bone growth. The main purpose of a 3D bone scaffold is to provide mechanical support to the surrounding cells and guide their growth in a specific direction. It acts as a template, encouraging the formation of new bone tissue by providing a framework for cells to attach, proliferate, and differentiate. These scaffolds are typically fabricated using biocompatible materials like ceramics, polymers, or a combination of both. The choice of material depends on factors such as strength, biodegradability, and the ability to facilitate cell adhesion and growth. Advanced techniques like 3D printing have revolutionized the fabrication process of these scaffolds. Using precise layer-by-layer deposition, it allows for the creation of complex, patient-specific geometries, mimicking the intricacies of natural bone structure. This article offers a brief overview of the latest developments in the research and development of 3D printing techniques for creating scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Farnaz Darghiasi
- Department of Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Farazin
- Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Hanieh Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
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Feng P, He R, Gu Y, Yang F, Pan H, Shuai C. Construction of antibacterial bone implants and their application in bone regeneration. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:590-625. [PMID: 38018410 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection represents a prevalent challenge during the bone repair process, often resulting in implant failure. However, the extensive use of antibiotics has limited local antibacterial effects at the infection site and is prone to side effects. In order to address the issue of bacterial infection during the transplantation of bone implants, four types of bone scaffold implants with long-term antimicrobial functionality have been constructed, including direct contact antimicrobial scaffold, dissolution-penetration antimicrobial scaffold, photocatalytic antimicrobial scaffold, and multimodal synergistic antimicrobial scaffold. The direct contact antimicrobial scaffold involves the physical penetration or disruption of bacterial cell membranes by the scaffold surface or hindrance of bacterial adhesion through surface charge, microstructure, and other factors. The dissolution-penetration antimicrobial scaffold releases antimicrobial substances from the scaffold's interior through degradation and other means to achieve local antimicrobial effects. The photocatalytic antimicrobial scaffold utilizes the absorption of light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) with enhanced chemical reactivity for antimicrobial activity. ROS can cause damage to bacterial cell membranes, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), proteins, and other components. The multimodal synergistic antimicrobial scaffold involves the combined use of multiple antimicrobial methods to achieve synergistic effects and effectively overcome the limitations of individual antimicrobial approaches. Additionally, the biocompatibility issues of the antimicrobial bone scaffold are also discussed, including in vitro cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, as well as in vivo bone repair and vascularization. Finally, the challenges and prospects of antimicrobial bone implants are summarized. The development of antimicrobial bone implants can provide effective solutions to bacterial infection issues in bone defect repair in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Ruizhong He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Yulong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Section, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
- Institute of Additive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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Bakhtiari H, Nouri A, Khakbiz M, Tolouei-Rad M. Fatigue behaviour of load-bearing polymeric bone scaffolds: A review. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:16-37. [PMID: 37797705 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone scaffolds play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering by providing mechanical support for the growth of new tissue while enduring static and fatigue loads. Although polymers possess favourable characteristics such as adjustable degradation rate, tissue-compatible stiffness, ease of fabrication, and low toxicity, their relatively low mechanical strength has limited their use in load-bearing applications. While numerous studies have focused on assessing the static strength of polymeric scaffolds, little research has been conducted on their fatigue properties. The current review presents a comprehensive study on the fatigue behaviour of polymeric bone scaffolds. The fatigue failure in polymeric scaffolds is discussed and the impact of material properties, topological features, loading conditions, and environmental factors are also examined. The present review also provides insight into the fatigue damage evolution within polymeric scaffolds, drawing comparisons to the behaviour observed in natural bone. Additionally, the effect of polymer microstructure, incorporating reinforcing materials, the introduction of topological features, and hydrodynamic/corrosive impact of body fluids in the fatigue life of scaffolds are discussed. Understanding these parameters is crucial for enhancing the fatigue resistance of polymeric scaffolds and holds promise for expanding their application in clinical settings as structural biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Polymers have promising advantages for bone tissue engineering, including adjustable degradation rates, compatibility with native bone stiffness, ease of fabrication, and low toxicity. However, their limited mechanical strength has hindered their use in load-bearing scaffolds for clinical applications. While prior studies have addressed static behaviour of polymeric scaffolds, a comprehensive review of their fatigue performance is lacking. This review explores this gap, addressing fatigue characteristics, failure mechanisms, and the influence of parameters like material properties, topological features, loading conditions, and environmental factors. It also examines microstructure, reinforcement materials, pore architectures, body fluids, and tissue ingrowth effects on fatigue behaviour. A significant emphasis is placed on understanding fatigue damage progression in polymeric scaffolds, comparing it to natural bone behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Bakhtiari
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (CAMM), School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Alireza Nouri
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Khakbiz
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, North Kargar Ave., PO Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Tolouei-Rad
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (CAMM), School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
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da Silva TS, Horvath-Pereira BDO, da Silva-Júnior LN, Tenório Fireman JVB, Mattar M, Félix M, Buchaim RL, Carreira ACO, Miglino MA, Soares MM. Three-Dimensional Printing of Graphene Oxide/Poly-L-Lactic Acid Scaffolds Using Fischer-Koch Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4213. [PMID: 37959893 PMCID: PMC10648465 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately printing customizable scaffolds is a challenging task because of the complexity of bone tissue composition, organization, and mechanical behavior. Graphene oxide (GO) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) have drawn attention in the field of bone regeneration. However, as far as we know, the Fischer-Koch model of the GO/PLLA association for three-dimensional (3D) printing was not previously reported. This study characterizes the properties of GO/PLLA-printed scaffolds in order to achieve reproducibility of the trabecula, from virtual planning to the printed piece, as well as its response to a cell viability assay. Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy were performed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the nanocomposites. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, and growth on the nanocomposites were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Cell viability tests revealed no significant differences among different trabeculae and cell types, indicating that these nanocomposites were not cytotoxic. The Fischer Koch modeling yielded satisfactory results and can thus be used in studies directed at diverse medical applications, including bone tissue engineering and implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Santos da Silva
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Bianca de Oliveira Horvath-Pereira
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Leandro Norberto da Silva-Júnior
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
| | - João Víctor Barbosa Tenório Fireman
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Michel Mattar
- Instituto de Reabilitação Oro Facial Osteogenesis S/S LTDA, Vila Olimpia 04532-060, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcílio Félix
- Department of Animal Anatomy, University of Marilia, Mirante, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Animal Anatomy, University of Marilia, Mirante, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Melo Soares
- Instituto de Reabilitação Oro Facial Osteogenesis S/S LTDA, Vila Olimpia 04532-060, SP, Brazil;
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