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Zhang Y, He SY, Wang P, Gu J, Jiang Q, Liu M, Wen C. Impacts of permeability and effective diffusivity of porous scaffolds on bone ingrowth: In silico and in vivo analyses. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213901. [PMID: 38776602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The permeability and the effective diffusivity of a porous scaffold are critical in the bone-ingrowth process. However, design guidelines for porous structures are still lacking due to inadequate understanding of the complex physiological processes involved. In this study, a model integrating the fundamental biological processes of bone regeneration was constructed to investigate the roles of permeability and effective diffusivity in regulating bone deposition in scaffolds. The in silico analysis results were confirmed in vivo by examining bone depositions in three diamond lattice scaffolds manufactured using selective laser melting. The findings show that the scaffolds with better permeability and effective diffusivity had deeper bone ingrowth and greater bone volume. Compared to permeability, effective diffusivity exhibited greater sensitivity to the orientation of porous structures, and bone ingrowth was deeper in the directions with higher effective diffusivity in spite of identical pore size. A 4.8-fold increase in permeability and a 1.6-fold increase in effective diffusivity by changing the porous structure led to a 1.5-fold increase in newly formed bone. The effective diffusivity of the porous scaffold affects the distribution of osteogenic growth factor, which in turn impacts cell migration and bone deposition through chemotaxis effects. Therefore, effective diffusivity may be a more suitable indicator for porous scaffolds because our study shows changes in this parameter determine changes in bone distribution and bone volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Si-Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, Nanjing, China; Institute of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, Nanjing, China; Institute of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mengxing Liu
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China; Wuhan Mindray Scientific Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Li S, Cui Y, Liu H, Tian Y, Fan Y, Wang G, Wang J, Wu D, Wang Y. Dual-functional 3D-printed porous bioactive scaffold enhanced bone repair by promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100943. [PMID: 38269054 PMCID: PMC10806334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects is a difficult problem in orthopedics. The excessive destruction of local bone tissue at defect sites destroys blood supply and renders bone regeneration insufficient, which further leads to delayed union or even nonunion. To solve this problem, in this study, we incorporated icariin into alginate/mineralized collagen (AMC) hydrogel and then placed the drug-loaded hydrogel into the pores of a 3D-printed porous titanium alloy (AMCI/PTi) scaffold to prepare a bioactive scaffold with the dual functions of promoting angiogenesis and bone regeneration. The experimental results showed that the ACMI/PTi scaffold had suitable mechanical properties, sustained drug release function, and excellent biocompatibility. The released icariin and mineralized collagen (MC) synergistically promoted angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. After implantation into a rabbit radius defect, the composite scaffold showed a satisfactory effect in promoting bone repair. Therefore, this composite dual-functional scaffold could meet the requirements of bone defect treatment and provide a promising strategy for the repair of large segmental bone defects in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yuhang Tian
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Dankai Wu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
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