1
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Capillo G, Lauriano ER, Icardo JM, Siriyappagouder P, Kuciel M, Karapanagiotis S, Zaccone G, Fernandes JMO. Structural Identification of the Pacemaker Cells and Expression of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (HCN) Channels in the Heart of the Wild Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7539. [PMID: 34299159 PMCID: PMC8307021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are proteins that contain highly conserved functional domains and sequence motifs that are correlated with their unique biophysical activities, to regulate cardiac pacemaker activity and synaptic transmission. These pacemaker proteins have been studied in mammalian species, but little is known now about their heart distribution in lower vertebrates and c-AMP modulation. Here, we characterized the pacemaker system in the heart of the wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), with respect to primary pacemaker molecular markers. Special focus is given to the structural, ultrastructural and molecular characterization of the pacemaker domain, through the expression of HCN channel genes and the immunohistochemistry of HCN isoforms, including the location of intracardiac neurons that are adjacent to the sinoatrial region of the heart. Similarly to zebrafish and mammals, these neurons are immunoreactive to ChAT, VAChT and nNOS. It has been shown that cardiac pacemaking can be modulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, and the existence of intracardiac neurons projecting back to the central nervous system provide a plausible link between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology—National Research Council (IRBIM, CNR), Spianata S. Raineri, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia R. Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Jose M. Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Poligono de Cazona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Michal Kuciel
- Poison Information Centre, Department of Toxicology and Environmental Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 15, 30-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Stelios Karapanagiotis
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway; (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Jorge M. O. Fernandes
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway; (P.S.); (S.K.)
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2
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Bi X, Wang K, Yang L, Pan H, Jiang H, Wei Q, Fang M, Yu H, Zhu C, Cai Y, He Y, Gan X, Zeng H, Yu D, Zhu Y, Jiang H, Qiu Q, Yang H, Zhang YE, Wang W, Zhu M, He S, Zhang G. Tracing the genetic footprints of vertebrate landing in non-teleost ray-finned fishes. Cell 2021; 184:1377-1391.e14. [PMID: 33545088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rich fossil evidence suggests that many traits and functions related to terrestrial evolution were present long before the ancestor of lobe- and ray-finned fishes. Here, we present genome sequences of the bichir, paddlefish, bowfin, and alligator gar, covering all major early divergent lineages of ray-finned fishes. Our analyses show that these species exhibit many mosaic genomic features of lobe- and ray-finned fishes. In particular, many regulatory elements for limb development are present in these fishes, supporting the hypothesis that the relevant ancestral regulation networks emerged before the origin of tetrapods. Transcriptome analyses confirm the homology between the lung and swim bladder and reveal the presence of functional lung-related genes in early ray-finned fishes. Furthermore, we functionally validate the essential role of a jawed vertebrate highly conserved element for cardiovascular development. Our results imply the ancestors of jawed vertebrates already had the potential gene networks for cardio-respiratory systems supporting air breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Liandong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | - Haifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Hao Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chenglong Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yiran Cai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yuming He
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiaoni Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Honghui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Daqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xi-zhi-men-wai Street, Beijing 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yong E Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xi-zhi-men-wai Street, Beijing 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shunping He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, China; Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Guojie Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Villum Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Tripathi S, Sengar M, Gopesh A. Paraneuronal pseudobranchial neurosecretory system in tank goby Glossogobius giuris with special reference to novel neurohaemal contact complex. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 278:103440. [PMID: 32353416 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Various putative oxygen chemosensory cells are reported to be present throughout the vertebrate body performing pivotal roles in respiration by initiating responses during acute hypoxia. Since air-breathing fishes often are exposed to the oxygen-deficient milieu, in such conditions various chemosensory cells operate in an orchestrated fashion. The Pseudobranchial neurosecretory system (PSNS) a newly discovered system, is one of these. It has been placed in the category of "Diffuse NE systems (DNES)". It is found in all the catfish species and in some other non-catfish group of teleosts. In catfishes, it is present in close association with the carotid labyrinth- a chemosensory structure, known in fish and amphibians. The presence of this system in Glossogobius giuris, in association with the pseudobranch, a structure considered to be precursor of carotid labyrinth, is a significant finding. In an attempt to study the structure and organization of the pseudobranchial neurosecretory system in a non-catfish species of teleost, the present investigation was undertaken on a goby G. giuris. The histological observations, using a neurosecretion-specific stain, revealed the presence of this system in G. giuris. The findings are discussed in the light of the association of PSNS with pseudobranch and the type of "neurohaemal contact complex" formed between this neurosecretory system and the elements of the circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, U.P., India
| | - Manvendra Sengar
- Department of Zoology, Bipin Bihari P.G. College, Jhansi, U.P., India
| | - Anita Gopesh
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, U.P., India.
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4
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the main morphological tracts exhibited by lungs and gas bladders in fishes. The origin and organ location, the presence of a glottal region, the inner architecture, the characteristics of the exchange barrier and the presence of pulmonary arteries have been reviewed in the two types of air-breathing organs. With the exception of the dorsal (bladders) or ventral (lungs) origin from the posterior pharynx, none of the morphological traits analyzed can be considered specific for either lungs or gas bladders. This is exemplified by analysis of the morphology of the lung of the Dipnoii and Polypteriformes and of the bladder of the Lepisosteiformes. All of them are obligate air-breathers and show a lung-like (pulmonoid) air-breathing organ. However, while the lungfish lung and the bladder of the Lepisosteiformes occupy a dorsal position and are highly trabeculated, the polypterid lung occupies a ventral position and shows a smooth inner surface. Structural and ultrastructural differences are also highlighted. Noticeably, a large part of the inner surface area of the lung of the Australian lungfish is covered by a ciliated epithelium. A restricted respiratory surface area may help to explain the incapability of this species to aestivate. The respiratory bladder of basal teleosts displays a more complex morphology than that observed in more primitive species. The bladder of basal teleosts may appear divided into respiratory and non-respiratory portions, exhibit intricate shapes, invade adjacent structures and gain additional functions. The increase in morphological and functional complexity appears to prelude the loss of the respiratory functions.
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Icardo JM, Colvee E, Kuciel M, Lauriano ER, Zaccone G. The lungs ofPolypterus senegalusandErpetoichthys calabaricus: Insights into the structure and functional distribution of the pulmonary epithelial cells. J Morphol 2017; 278:1321-1332. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Santander 39011 Spain
| | - Elvira Colvee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Santander 39011 Spain
| | - Michal Kuciel
- Poison Information Centre, Department of Toxicology and Environmental Disease, Jagiellonian University Medical College; 31-501 Crakow Poland
| | - Eugenia R. Lauriano
- Department of Chemical; Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina; Messina I-98166 Italy
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging; University of Messina; Messina I-98166 Italy
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6
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Rimoldi S, Terova G, Zaccone G, Parker T, Kuciel M, Dabrowski K. The Effect of Hypoxia and Hyperoxia on Growth and Expression of Hypoxia-Related Genes and Proteins in Spotted Gar Lepisosteus oculatus Larvae and Juveniles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2016; 326:250-67. [PMID: 27245617 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We studied the molecular responses to different water oxygen levels in gills and swim bladder of spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), a bimodal breather. Fish at swim-up stage were exposed for 71 days to normoxic, hypoxic, and hyperoxic water conditions. Then, all aquaria were switched to normoxic conditions for recovery until the end of the experiment (120 days). Fish were sampled at the beginning of the experiment, and then at 71 days of exposure and at 8 days of recovery. We first cloned three hypoxia-related genes, hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), Na(+) /H(+) exchanger 1 (NHE-1), and NHE-3, and uploaded their cDNA sequences in the GeneBank database. We then used One Step Taqman® real-time PCR to quantify the mRNA copies of target genes in gills and swim bladder of fish exposed to different water O2 levels. We also determined the protein expression of HIF-2α and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the swim bladder by using confocal immunofluorescence. Hypoxic stress for 71 days significantly increased the mRNA copies of HIF-2α and NHE-1 in gills and swim bladder, whereas normoxic recovery for 8 days decreased the HIF-2α mRNA copies to control values in both tissues. We did not found significant changes in mRNA copies of the NHE-3 gene in either gills or swim bladder in response to hypoxia and hyperoxia. Unlike in normoxic swim bladder, double immunohistochemical staining in hypoxic and hyperoxic swim bladder using nNOS/HIF-2α showed extensive bundles of HIF-2α-positive nerve fibers in the trabecular musculature associated with a few varicose nNOS immunoreactive nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Inter-University Centre for Research in Protein Biotechnologies, "The Protein Factory", Polytechnic University of Milan and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tim Parker
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michal Kuciel
- Poison Information Centre, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Crakow, Poland
| | - Konrad Dabrowski
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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7
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The evolution of nitric oxide signalling in vertebrate blood vessels. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 185:153-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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The anatomical components of the cardiac outflow tract of the gray bichir, Polypterus senegalus: their evolutionary significance. ZOOLOGY 2014; 117:370-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Zaccone D, Lauriano ER, Capillo G, Zuwała K, Budzik KA, Kuciel M, Zaccone G. Confocal imaging of autonomic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord of the caecilian Typhlonectes natans (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1399-406. [PMID: 25265879 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the spinal sympathetic organization in the caecilian amphibians. We examined for the first time the location of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the spinal cord using a panel of specific markers expressed in SPNs. The SPNs of anuran amphibians form two cell columns segregated mainly in the lateral and medial marginal areas of the central gray matter. In the caecilian Typhlonectes natans immunoreactivity for galanin and ChAT is found in most laterally arranged neurons lying in spinal segments 2-7. They are encircled by TH- and nNOS-immunoreactive nerve fibers. These neurons might project specifically to a population of adrenergic sympathetic postganglionic neurons in paravertebral ganglia and/or non-adrenergic sympathetic postganglionic neurons in the celiac ganglia. However the segmental restriction and target specificity of the neurons of the species studied are not known. As mucous and granular glands in the dermis may represent one of the peripheral targets of the adrenergic ganglion cells and reflect the prominent preganglionic cell columns, an immunohistochemical study was done also on these glands. Retrograde-tracing studies are, however, needed to study the segmental localization of the preganglionic neurons and their projections to the postganglionic neurons in sympathetic ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zaccone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Territorial, Food and Health Security (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Territorial, Food and Health Security (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Territorial, Food and Health Security (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Krystyna Zuwała
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Karolina Agata Budzik
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michał Kuciel
- Poison Information Centre, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Śniadeckich 10, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Territorial, Food and Health Security (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
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10
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Icardo JM, Colvee E, Lauriano ER, Capillo G, Guerrera MC, Zaccone G. The structure of the gas bladder of the spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus. J Morphol 2014; 276:90-101. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Cantabria; 39011 Santander Spain
| | - Elvira Colvee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Cantabria; 39011 Santander Spain
| | - Eugenia R. Lauriano
- Department of Environmental Science, Territory, Food and Health Security (S.A.S.T.A.S.); University of Messina; I-98166 Messina Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Environmental Science, Territory, Food and Health Security (S.A.S.T.A.S.); University of Messina; I-98166 Messina Italy
| | - Maria C. Guerrera
- Istituto per L'Ambiente Marino Costiero; U.O.S. Di Messina; I-98122 Messina Italy
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Environmental Science, Territory, Food and Health Security (S.A.S.T.A.S.); University of Messina; I-98166 Messina Italy
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11
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Newton CM, Stoyek MR, Croll RP, Smith FM. Regional innervation of the heart in the goldfish, Carassius auratus: a confocal microscopy study. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:456-78. [PMID: 23853005 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intracardiac nervous system represents the final common pathway for autonomic control of the vertebrate heart in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In teleost fishes, details of the organization of this system are not well understood. Here we investigated innervation patterns in the heart of the goldfish, a species representative of a large group of cyprinids. We used antibodies against the neuronal markers zn-12, acetylated tubulin, and human neuronal protein C/D, as well as choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, nitric oxide synthetase, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to detect neural elements and their transmitter contents in wholemounts and sections of cardiac tissue. All chambers of the heart were innervated by choline acetyltransferase-positive axons, implying cholinergic regulation; and by tyrosine hydroxylase-containing axons, implying adrenergic regulation. The mean total number of intracardiac neurons was 713 ± 78 (SE), nearly half of which were cholinergic. Neuronal somata were mainly located in a ganglionated plexus around the sinoatrial valves. Somata were contacted by cholinergic, adrenergic, nitrergic, and VIP-positive terminals. Putative pacemaker cells, identified by immunoreactivity for hyperpolarization activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, were located in the base of the sinoatrial valves, and this region was densely innervated by cholinergic and adrenergic terminals. We have shown that the goldfish heart possesses the necessary neuroanatomical substrate for fine, region-by-region autonomic control of the myocardial effectors that are involved in determining cardiac output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Newton
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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12
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Olson KR, Donald JA, Dombkowski RA, Perry SF. Evolutionary and comparative aspects of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 184:117-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Zaccone D, Dabrowski K, Lauriano ER, de Pasquale A, Macrì D, Satora L, Lanteri G. The simultaneous presence of neuroepithelial cells and neuroepithelial bodies in the respiratory gas bladder of the longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus, and the spotted gar, L. oculatus. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:370-8. [PMID: 21831413 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical and functional studies on the autonomic innervation as well as the location of airway receptors in the air-bladder of lepisosteids are very fragmentary. These water-breathing fishes share in common with the bichirs the presence of a glottis (not a ductus pneumaticus) opening into the esophagus. In contrast to a high concentration of neuroepithelial cells (NECs) contained in the furrowed epithelium in the lung of Polypterus, these cells are scattered as solitary cells in the glottal epithelium, and grouped to form neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) in the mucociliated epithelium investing the main trabeculae in the air-bladder of Lepisosteus osseus and L. oculatus. The present immunohistochemical studies also demonstrated the presence of nerve fibers in the trabecular striated musculature and a possible relation to NEBs in these species, and identified immunoreactive elements of this innervation. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), 5-HT and neuropeptide immunoreactivities were detected in the intramural nerve fibers. 5-HT and VIP immunopositive nerve fibers are apparently associated with NEBs. TH, VIP and SP immunoreactivities are also present in nerve fibers coursing in the radially arranged striated muscle surrounding the glottis and its submucosa. 5-HT positive neurons are also found in submucosal and the muscle layers of the glottis. The physiological function of the adrenergic and inhibitory innervation of the striated muscle as well as the neurochemical coding and morphology of the innervation of the NEBs are not known. Future studies are needed to provide evidence for these receptors with the capacity of chemoreceptors and/or mechanoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zaccone
- Department of Animal Biology and Marine Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Messina, Italy.
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14
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Zaccone D, Grimes AC, Sfacteria A, Jaroszewska M, Caristina G, Manganaro M, Farrell AP, Zaccone G, Dabrowski K, Marino F. Complex innervation patterns of the conus arteriosus in the heart of the longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:578-84. [PMID: 20656338 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical and functional studies of the autonomic innervation in the conus arteriosus of the garfishes are lacking. This study reveals that the conus arteriosus of the longnose gar is primarily myocardial in nature, but additionally, large numbers of smooth muscle cells are present in the subendocardium. A well-developed system of adrenergic, cholinergic, substance P (SP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) positive nerve terminals are found in the wall of the conus arteriosus. Coronary blood vessels running in the adventitia receive a rich supply of nNOS positive nerve fibers, thus suggesting their importance in the nitrergic control of blood flow in the conus arteriosus. The present data show that the patterns of autonomic innervation of the garfish conus arteriosus are more complex than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zaccone
- Department of Animal Biology and Marine Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Messina, Italy
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Zaccone G, Abelli L, Salpietro L, Zaccone D, Manganaro M, Marino F. Immunolocalization of neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides with associated receptors in the photophores of the hatchetfish, Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco, 1829. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:457-64. [PMID: 20546867 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical and functional studies of the autonomic innervation of the photophores of luminescent fishes are scarce. The present immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of nerve fibers in the luminous epithelium and lens epithelium of the photophores of the hatchet fish, Argyropelecus hemigymnus and identified the immunoreactive elements of this innervation. Phenylethanolanine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and catecholamine (CA)-synthesizing enzymes were detected in nerve varicosities inside the two epithelia. Neuropeptides were localized in neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP)- and its NK11 receptor-immunopositive nerves in the lens epithelium. Neuropeptides were also localized in non-neural cell types such as the lens cells, which displayed immunoreactivities for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) and their receptors R-12 and 93093-3. This reflects the ability of the neuropeptide-containing nerves and lens cells to turn on and off the expression of selected messengers. It appears that the neuropeptide-containing nerves demonstrated in this study may be sensory. Furthermore, neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunopositive axons associated with photocytes in the luminous epithelium have previously been described in this species. Whereas it is clear that the photophores receive efferent (motor) fibers of spinal sympathetic origin, the origin of the neuropeptide sensory innervation remains to be determined. The functional roles of the above neuropeptides or their effects on the bioluminescence or the chemical nature of the terminals, either sensory or postganglionic neurons innervating the photophores, are still not known.
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16
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Zaccone G, Abelli L, Salpietro L, Zaccone D, Macrì B, Marino F. Nervous control of photophores in luminescent fishes. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:387-94. [PMID: 20598350 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional studies of the autonomic innervation in the photophores of luminescent fishes are scarce. The majority of studies have involved either the stimulation of isolated photophores or the modulatory effects of adrenaline-induced light emission. The fish skin is a highly complex organ that performs a wide variety of physiological processes and receives extensive nervous innervations. The latter includes autonomic nerve fibers of spinal sympathetic origin having a secretomotor function. More recent evidence indicates that neuropeptide-containing nerve fibers, such as those that express tachykinin and its NK1 receptor, neuropeptide Y, or nitric oxide, may also play an important role in the nervous control of photophores. There is no anatomical evidence that shows that nNOS positive (nitrergic) neurons form a population distinct from the secretomotor neurons with perikarya in the sympathetic ganglia. The distribution and function of the nitrergic nerves in the luminous cells, however, is less clear. It is likely that the chemical properties of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons in the ganglia of luminescent fishes are target-specific, such as observed in mammals.
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Zaccone D, Grimes AC, Farrell AP, Dabrowski K, Marino F. Morphology, innervation and its phylogenetic step in the heart of the longnose gar Lepisosteus Osseus. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Postganglionic nerve cell bodies and neurotransmitter localization in the teleost heart. Acta Histochem 2010; 112:328-36. [PMID: 19493562 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine the distribution of specific types of autonomic nerves and the presence of various transmitter substances in the heart of two teleost species: the mullet (Mugil cephalus) and the Nile catfish (Synodontis nigriventris). Large nerve trunks in the sinus venosus were shown to contain tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and indicate the location of adrenergic nerve fibers, which are also associated with a coronary circulation to the ventricular myocardium in the mullet heart. Fluorescence immunolabelling methods revealed that the atrium and the outer and inner compact muscle of the ventricle have nerves in which substance P and galanin (GA) are localized. It seems likely that the cell bodies (perikarya) of the substance P and GA-immunopositive axons are located at sites outside the heart. The GA-immunopositive nerve fibers may represent a population of axons of intramural postganglionic nerve cell bodies. Most intracardiac nerve cell bodies are located in the sinus venosus and in the sinoatrial junction and reveal immunoreactivity to substance P, GA, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). Furthermore, substance P immunoreactivity is present in the cardiac cells intermingled with the substance P-immunopositive nerve fibers. A nerve plexus consisting of a well-developed network of nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies may possibly correspond to a cardiac pacemaker, but its function in fish cardiac regulation is unknown and remains to be elucidated.
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Gopesh A, Sengar M, Tiwari S. Presence of paraneuronal pseudobranchial neurosecretory system in the gill region of two air-breathing clupeids, Notopterus chitala and Notopterus notopterus. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2010; 171:135-43. [PMID: 20206306 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pseudobranchial neurosecretory system (PNS) is a system of neurosecretion observed in certain groups of teleosts, which are air-breathing or known to tolerate low oxygen tension in the surrounding water. Like other neuroendocrine cells of gill, cells belonging to this system have also been observed to have a role in condition of hypoxia. Uniformly found in all catfish species, the system was reported to be present in few non-catfish groups also, viz.-Atheriniformes, Channiformes (Devi, 1987), Perciformes, and Clupeiformes (Srivastava et al., 1981; Gopesh, 1983). In an attempt to study the structure and organization of the pseudobranchial neurosecretory system in non-catfish species of teleost, present investigation was undertaken in two species of Notopterus, viz. Notopterus chitala and Notopterus notopterus. The histological observations, using neurosecretion specific stains, undertaken on two clupeids are reported and the findings are discussed in the light of association of PNS with Carotid gland-a structure of intermediate stage in the process of transformation of pseudobranch into the carotid labyrinth, in course of evolution and also the air-breathing habit of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gopesh
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, U.P., India.
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