1
|
Moriyama Y, Ito F, Takeda H, Yano T, Okabe M, Kuraku S, Keeley FW, Koshiba-Takeuchi K. Evolution of the fish heart by sub/neofunctionalization of an elastin gene. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10397. [PMID: 26783159 PMCID: PMC4735684 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of phenotypic traits is a key process in diversification of life. However, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such evolutionary novelties are largely unknown. Here we address the origin of bulbus arteriosus (BA), an organ of evolutionary novelty seen in the teleost heart outflow tract (OFT), which sophisticates their circulatory system. The BA is a unique organ that is composed of smooth muscle while the OFTs in other vertebrates are composed of cardiac muscle. Here we reveal that the teleost-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) gene, elastin b, was generated by the teleost-specific whole-genome duplication and neofunctionalized to contribute to acquisition of the BA by regulating cell fate determination of cardiac precursor cells into smooth muscle. Furthermore, we show that the mechanotransducer yap is involved in this cell fate determination. Our findings reveal a mechanism of generating evolutionary novelty through alteration of cell fate determination by the ECM. The bulbus arteriosus is an organ unique to the heart of teleosts, composed of specialized smooth muscle. Here, the authors show that the gene elastin b, which regulates cell fate of cardiac precursor cells into smooth muscle, evolved after whole-genome duplication and neofunctionalization in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Moriyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ito
- Division of Ecological Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tohru Yano
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masataka Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Kuraku
- Phyloinformatics Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Fred W Keeley
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kazuko Koshiba-Takeuchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Newton CM, Stoyek MR, Croll RP, Smith FM. Regional innervation of the heart in the goldfish, Carassius auratus: a confocal microscopy study. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:456-78. [PMID: 23853005 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intracardiac nervous system represents the final common pathway for autonomic control of the vertebrate heart in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In teleost fishes, details of the organization of this system are not well understood. Here we investigated innervation patterns in the heart of the goldfish, a species representative of a large group of cyprinids. We used antibodies against the neuronal markers zn-12, acetylated tubulin, and human neuronal protein C/D, as well as choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, nitric oxide synthetase, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to detect neural elements and their transmitter contents in wholemounts and sections of cardiac tissue. All chambers of the heart were innervated by choline acetyltransferase-positive axons, implying cholinergic regulation; and by tyrosine hydroxylase-containing axons, implying adrenergic regulation. The mean total number of intracardiac neurons was 713 ± 78 (SE), nearly half of which were cholinergic. Neuronal somata were mainly located in a ganglionated plexus around the sinoatrial valves. Somata were contacted by cholinergic, adrenergic, nitrergic, and VIP-positive terminals. Putative pacemaker cells, identified by immunoreactivity for hyperpolarization activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, were located in the base of the sinoatrial valves, and this region was densely innervated by cholinergic and adrenergic terminals. We have shown that the goldfish heart possesses the necessary neuroanatomical substrate for fine, region-by-region autonomic control of the myocardial effectors that are involved in determining cardiac output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Newton
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grimes AC, Durán AC, Sans-Coma V, Hami D, Santoro MM, Torres M. Phylogeny informs ontogeny: a proposed common theme in the arterial pole of the vertebrate heart. Evol Dev 2011; 12:552-67. [PMID: 21040422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142x.2010.00441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In chick and mouse embryogenesis, a population of cells described as the secondary heart field (SHF) adds both myocardium and smooth muscle to the developing cardiac outflow tract (OFT). Following this addition, at approximately HH stage 22 in chick embryos, for example, the SHF can be identified architecturally by an overlapping seam at the arterial pole, where beating myocardium forms a junction with the smooth muscle of the arterial system. Previously, using either immunohistochemistry or nitric oxide indicators such as diaminofluorescein 2-diacetate, we have shown that a similar overlapping architecture also exists in the arterial pole of zebrafish and some shark species. However, although recent work suggests that development of the zebrafish OFT may also proceed by addition of a SHF-like population of cells, the presence of a true SHF in zebrafish and in many other developmental biological models remains an open question. We performed a comprehensive morphological study of the OFT of a wide range of vertebrates. Our data suggest that all vertebrates possess three fundamental OFT components: a proximal myocardial component, a distal smooth muscle component, and a middle component that contains overlapping myocardium and smooth muscle surrounding and supporting the outflow valves. Because the middle OFT component of avians and mammals is derived from the SHF, our observations suggest that a SHF may be an evolutionarily conserved theme in vertebrate embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Grimes
- Departamento de Biología del Desarrollo Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|