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Qi L, Wang J, Chen X, Ding Y, Ling B, Wang W, Xu J, Xue Z. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals variable trajectories of CSPCs in the progression of osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11148. [PMID: 36339749 PMCID: PMC9634280 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by cartilage destruction; however, there are no specific drugs available for its treatment. Cartilage-derived stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) are multipotent cells that play an essential role in cartilage renewal and may provide critical insights into the medical needs for OA treatment. However, alterations in cell function and fate of CSPCs during OA progression have seldom been analysed, especially at the single-cell level. Additionally, it has been reported that CSPCs can migrate to the cartilage injury area, although the mechanism of migration remains elusive. Thus, understanding the changing patterns of CSPCs in the pathological process of OA is important in the effort to develop stem cell therapy for OA. Here, we downloaded single-cell transcriptomic data of patients with OA from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and performed unbiased clustering of the cells based on gene expression patterns using the Seurat package. Using common stem cell markers and chondrogenic transcription factors, we traced CSPCs throughout all stages of OA. We further explored the dynamics of CSPCs in OA progression and validated the single-cell RNA sequencing data in vitro using qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Specifically, we primarily explored the heterogeneity of CSPCs at the single-cell level and found that it was closely associated with OA progression. Our results indicate significantly reduced chondrogenic differentiation capacity in CSPCs during the late stage of OA, while their proliferation capacity tended to increase. We also found that genes implicated in fibrosis, cell motility, and extracellular matrix remodelling were upregulated in CSPCs during the progression of OA. Our study revealed the dynamics of stem cells in OA progression and may inform the development of stem cell therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Qi
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhui Ding
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Ling
- The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province, Hunan Yuanpin Cell Technology Co. Ltd, 102 Dongwu Road, Changsha City 410100, Hunan Province, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jun Xu
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065 Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author.
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The Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Articular Cartilage Regeneration and Disease Modelling: Are We Ready for Their Clinical Use? Cells 2022; 11:cells11030529. [PMID: 35159338 PMCID: PMC8834349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cells has brought unlimited possibilities to the field of regenerative medicine. This could be ideal for treating osteoarthritis and other skeletal diseases, because the current procedures tend to be short-term solutions. The usage of induced pluripotent stem cells in the cell-based regeneration of cartilage damages could replace or improve on the current techniques. The patient’s specific non-invasive collection of tissue for reprogramming purposes could also create a platform for drug screening and disease modelling for an overview of distinct skeletal abnormalities. In this review, we seek to summarise the latest achievements in the chondrogenic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells for regenerative purposes and disease modelling.
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Vinod E, Padmaja K, Livingston A, James JV, Amirtham SM, Sathishkumar S, Ramasamy B, Rebekah G, Daniel AJ, Kachroo U. Prospective Isolation and Characterization of Chondroprogenitors from Human Chondrocytes Based on CD166/CD34/CD146 Surface Markers. Cartilage 2021; 13:808S-817S. [PMID: 34528493 PMCID: PMC8804859 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211042412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chondrocytes, isolated from articular cartilage, are routinely utilized in cell-based therapeutics for the treatment of cartilage pathologies. However, restoration of the biological tissue faces hindrance due to the formation of primarily fibrocartilaginous repair tissue. Chondroprogenitors have been reported to display superiority in terms of their chondrogenic potential and lesser proclivity for hypertrophy. In line with our recent results, comparing chondroprogenitors and chondrocytes, we undertook isolation of progenitors from the general pool of chondrocytes, based on surface marker expression, namely, CD166, CD34, and CD146, to eliminate off-target differentiation and generate cells of stronger chondrogenic potential. This study aimed to compare chondrocytes, chondroprogenitors, CD34-CD166+CD146+ sorted chondrocytes, and CD34-CD166+CD146- sorted chondrocytes. METHODS Chondrocytes obtained from 3 human osteoarthritic knee joints were subjected to sorting, to isolate CD166+ and CD34- subsets, and then were further sorted to obtain CD146+ and CD146- cells. Chondrocytes and fibronectin adhesion-derived chondroprogenitors served as controls. Assessment parameters included reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for markers of chondrogenesis and hypertrophy, trilineage differentiation, and total GAG/DNA content. RESULTS Based on gene expression analysis, CD34-CD166+CD146+ sorted chondrocytes and chondroprogenitors displayed comparability and significantly higher chondrogenesis with a lower tendency for hypertrophy when compared to chondrocytes and CD34-CD166+CD146- sorted chondrocytes. The findings were also reiterated in multilineage potential differentiation with the 146+ subset and chondroprogenitors displaying lower calcification and chondroprogenitors displaying higher total GAG/DNA content compared to chondrocytes and 146- cells. CONCLUSION This unique progenitor-like population based on CD34-CD166+CD146+ sorting from chondrocytes exhibits efficient potential for cartilage repair and merits further evaluation for its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India,Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit
of InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India,Elizabeth Vinod, Department of Physiology,
Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India.
| | - Kawin Padmaja
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abel Livingston
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jithu Varghese James
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life
Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Boopalan Ramasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal
Darwin Hospital, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alfred Job Daniel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Upasana Kachroo
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vinod E, Parameswaran R, Ramasamy B, Kachroo U. Pondering the Potential of Hyaline Cartilage-Derived Chondroprogenitors for Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Cartilage 2021; 13:34S-52S. [PMID: 32840123 PMCID: PMC8804774 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520951631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondroprogenitors have recently gained prominence due to promising results seen in in vitro and animal studies as a potential contender in cell-based therapy for cartilage repair. Lack of consensus regarding nomenclature, isolation techniques, and expansion protocols create substantial limitations for translational research, especially given the absence of distinct markers of identification. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and collate information pertaining to hyaline cartilage-derived chondroprogenitors, with regard to their isolation, culture, and outcome measures. DESIGN As per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a web-based search of Scopus and PubMed databases was performed from January 2000 to May 2020, which yielded 509 studies. A total of 65 studies were identified that met the standardized inclusion criteria which comprised of, but was not limited to, progenitors derived from fibronectin adhesion, migrated subpopulation from explant cultures, and single-cell sorting. RESULT Literature search revealed that progenitors demonstrated inherent chondrogenesis and minimal tendency for hypertrophy. Multiple sources also demonstrated significantly better outcomes that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and comparable results to chondrocytes. With regard to progenitor subgroups, collated evidence points to better and consistent outcomes with the use of migratory progenitors when compared to fibronectin adhesion assay-derived progenitors, although a direct comparison between the two cell populations is warranted. CONCLUSION Since chondroprogenitors exhibit favorable properties for cartilage repair, efficient characterization of progenitors is imperative, to complete their phenotypic profile, so as to optimize their use in translational research for neocartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, India,Centre for Stem Cell Research (a unit of
InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,Elizabeth Vinod, Department of Physiology,
Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Boopalan Ramasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Darwin
Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Upasana Kachroo
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, India
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Expression and function of cartilage-derived pluripotent cells in joint development and repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:111. [PMID: 32160923 PMCID: PMC7066750 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage-derived pluripotent cells reside in hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. These cells have the potential for multidirectional differentiation; can undergo adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis; and have been classified as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) conforming to the minimal criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. Cartilage tissue is prone to injury and is difficult to repair. As cartilage-derived pluripotent cells are the closest cell source to cartilage tissue, they are expected to have the strongest ability to differentiate into cartilage compared to other MSCs. This review focuses on the organizational distribution, expression, and function of cartilage-derived pluripotent cells in joint development and repair to help explore the therapeutic potential of in situ cartilage-derived pluripotent cells for joint cartilage repair.
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Yoshitake H, Kayamori K, Wake S, Sugiyama K, Yoda T. Biomarker expression related to chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint. Cranio 2019; 39:362-366. [PMID: 31156068 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1622291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Synovial chondromatosis is usually detected at a late stage based on free bodies in joint space. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers for cell proliferation and chondrogenesis in the primary stage of synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Clinical Presentation: A 67-year-old female was referred for right side TMJ pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings suggested an intra-joint space lesion, but no free bodies were observed intraoperatively. Pathological examination led to diagnosis of Milgram stage 1 synovial chondromatosis. Biomarkers related to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cell proliferation, and chondrogenesis were observed in immunohistopathological examination of specimens.Clinical Relevance: The findings suggest that MSCs with chondrogenic potential and growth activity are present at the start of cartilage formation in the synovial membrane. These cells may be the origin of disease. Those findings improve understanding of the etiology and disease progression of synovial chondromatosis in the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshitake
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Wake
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sugiyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from Articular Cartilage, Synovial Membrane and Synovial Fluid for Cartilage Regeneration: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:575-586. [PMID: 28721683 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Large articular cartilage defects remain an immense challenge in the field of regenerative medicine because of their poor intrinsic repair capacity. Currently, the available medical interventions can relieve clinical symptoms to some extent, but fail to repair the cartilaginous injuries with authentic hyaline cartilage. There has been a surge of interest in developing cell-based therapies, focused particularly on the use of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells with or without scaffolds. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells are promising graft cells for tissue regeneration, but the most suitable source of cells for cartilage repair remains controversial. The tissue origin of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells notably influences the biological properties and therapeutic potential. It is well known that mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from synovial joint tissues exhibit superior chondrogenic ability compared with those derived from non-joint tissues; thus, these cell populations are considered ideal sources for cartilage regeneration. In addition to the progress in research and promising preclinical results, many important research questions must be answered before widespread success in cartilage regeneration is achieved. This review outlines the biology of stem/progenitor cells derived from the articular cartilage, the synovial membrane, and the synovial fluid, including their tissue distribution, function and biological characteristics. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical trials focusing on their applications for cartilage regeneration are summarized, and future research perspectives are discussed.
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Boehme KA, Schleicher SB, Traub F, Rolauffs B. Chondrosarcoma: A Rare Misfortune in Aging Human Cartilage? The Role of Stem and Progenitor Cells in Proliferation, Malignant Degeneration and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010311. [PMID: 29361725 PMCID: PMC5796255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other malignant bone tumors including osteosarcomas and Ewing sarcomas with a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults, conventional and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas mainly affect people in the 4th to 7th decade of life. To date, the cell type of chondrosarcoma origin is not clearly defined. However, it seems that mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPC) in the bone marrow facing a pro-proliferative as well as predominantly chondrogenic differentiation milieu, as is implicated in early stage osteoarthritis (OA) at that age, are the source of chondrosarcoma genesis. But how can MSPC become malignant? Indeed, only one person in 1,000,000 will develop a chondrosarcoma, whereas the incidence of OA is a thousandfold higher. This means a rare coincidence of factors allowing escape from senescence and apoptosis together with induction of angiogenesis and migration is needed to generate a chondrosarcoma. At early stages, chondrosarcomas are still assumed to be an intermediate type of tumor which rarely metastasizes. Unfortunately, advanced stages show a pronounced resistance both against chemo- and radiation-therapy and frequently metastasize. In this review, we elucidate signaling pathways involved in the genesis and therapeutic resistance of chondrosarcomas with a focus on MSPC compared to signaling in articular cartilage (AC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Boehme
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sabine B Schleicher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Children's Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Traub
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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Mazor M, Cesaro A, Ali M, Best TM, Lespessaille E, Toumi H. Progenitor Cells from Cartilage: Grade Specific Differences in Stem Cell Marker Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081759. [PMID: 28805694 PMCID: PMC5578148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has confirmed the presence of Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like progenitors (MPC) in both normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. However, there is only limited information concerning how MPC markers are expressed with osteoarthritis (OA) progression. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of various MPC markers in different OA grades. Human osteoarthritic tibial plateaus were obtained from ten patients undergoing total knee replacement. Each sample had been classified into a mild or severe group according to OARSI scoring. Tissue was taken from each specimen and mRNA expression levels of CD105, CD166, Notch 1, Sox9, Acan and Col II A1 were measured at day 0 and day 14 (2 weeks in vitro). Furthermore, MSC markers: Nucleostemin, CD90, CD73, CD166, CD105 and Notch 1 were studied by immunofluorescence. mRNA levels of MSC markers did not differ between mild and severe OA at day 0. At day 14, protein analysis showed that proliferated cells from both sources expressed all 6 MSC markers. Only cells from the mild OA subjects resulted in a significant increase of mRNA CD105 and CD166 after in vitro expansion. Moreover, cells from the mild OA subjects showed significantly higher levels of CD105, Sox9 and Acan compared with those from severe OA specimens. Results confirmed the presence of MSC markers in mild and severe OA tissue at both mRNA and protein levels. We found significant differences between cells obtained from mild compared to severe OA specimens suggests that mild OA derived cells may have a greater MSC potential.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/analysis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Cell Differentiation
- Endoglin/analysis
- Endoglin/genetics
- Fetal Proteins/analysis
- Fetal Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Knee Joint/metabolism
- Knee Joint/pathology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- SOX9 Transcription Factor/analysis
- SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mazor
- Department of Sciences, University of Orleans, I3MTO, EA 4708, Orleans F-45032, France.
| | - Annabelle Cesaro
- Department of Sciences, University of Orleans, I3MTO, EA 4708, Orleans F-45032, France.
| | - Mazen Ali
- Service chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, La Source 45000, France.
| | - Thomas M Best
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, U of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Eric Lespessaille
- Department of Sciences, University of Orleans, I3MTO, EA 4708, Orleans F-45032, France.
- EA4708/I3MTO, Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, La Source 45000, France.
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- Department of Sciences, University of Orleans, I3MTO, EA 4708, Orleans F-45032, France.
- EA4708/I3MTO, Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, La Source 45000, France.
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Wake S, Yoshitake H, Kayamori K, Izumo T, Harada K. Expression of CD90 decreases with progression of synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint. Cranio 2016; 34:250-6. [PMID: 26292970 DOI: 10.1179/2151090315y.0000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors that contribute to the progression of synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). METHODS The authors investigated the expression of CD105 and CD90 in specimens from 17 patients with synovial chondromatosis in the TMJ, using immunohistochemical staining, and expression of CD105 and CD90 in cartilaginous nodules was scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS The expression of CD105 and CD90 was found in almost all the cases. In particular, the expression of CD90 in cartilaginous nodules significantly decreased with the progression of synovial chondromatosis. DISCUSSION The factors that determine progression of synovial chondromatosis are not fully understood. The results of this study suggest that CD90 may play an important role in the progression of synovial chondromatosis in the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Wake
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshitake
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- b Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Izumo
- c Department of Diagnostic Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Japan
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Saintigny Y, Cruet-Hennequart S, Hamdi DH, Chevalier F, Lefaix JL. Impact of Therapeutic Irradiation on Healthy Articular Cartilage. Radiat Res 2015; 183:135-46. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13928.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Löfgren M, Ekman S, Svala E, Lindahl A, Ley C, Skiöldebrand E. Cell and matrix modulation in prenatal and postnatal equine growth cartilage, zones of Ranvier and articular cartilage. J Anat 2014; 225:548-68. [PMID: 25175365 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of synovial joints includes phenotypic changes of the chondrocytes and the organisation of their extracellular matrix is regulated by different factors and signalling pathways. Increased knowledge of the normal processes involved in joint development may be used to identify similar regulatory mechanisms during pathological conditions in the joint. Samples of the distal radius were collected from prenatal and postnatal equine growth plates, zones of Ranvier and articular cartilage with the aim of identifying Notch signalling components and cells with stem cell-like characteristics and to follow changes in matrix protein localisation during joint development. The localisation of the Notch signalling components Notch1, Delta4, Hes1, Notch dysregulating protein epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7), the stem cell-indicating factor Stro-1 and the matrix molecules cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), fibromodulin, matrilin-1 and chondroadherin were studied using immunohistochemistry. Spatial changes in protein localisations during cartilage maturation were observed for Notch signalling components and matrix molecules, with increased pericellular localisation indicating new synthesis and involvement of these proteins in the formation of the joint. However, it was not possible to characterise the phenotype of the chondrocytes based on their surrounding matrix during normal chondrogenesis. The zone of Ranvier was identified in all horses and characterised as an area expressing Stro-1, EGFL7 and chondroadherin with an absence of COMP and Notch signalling. Stro-1 was also present in cells close to the perichondrium, in the articular cartilage and in the fetal resting zone, indicating stem cell-like characteristics of these cells. The presence of stem cells in the articular cartilage will be of importance for the repair of damaged cartilage. Perivascular chondrocytes and hypertrophic cells of the cartilage bone interface displayed positive staining for EGFL7, which is a novel finding and suggests a role of EGFL7 in the vascular infiltration of growth cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Löfgren
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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