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Wang C, Gao W, Yan S, Zhu XQ, Suo X, Liu X, Gupta N, Hu M. N-glycome and N-glycoproteome of a hematophagous parasitic nematode Haemonchus. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2486-2496. [PMID: 34025939 PMCID: PMC8113779 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a physiologically vital post-translational modification of proteins in eukaryotic organisms. Initial work on Haemonchus contortus - a blood-sucking nematode of ruminants with a broad geographical distribution - has shown that this parasite harbors N-glycans with exclusive chitobiose modifications. Besides, several immunogenic proteins (e.g., amino- and metallo-peptidases) are known to be N-glycosylated in adult worms. However, an informative atlas of N-glycosylation in H. contortus is not yet available. Herein, we report 291 N-glycosylated proteins with a total of 425 modification sites in the parasite. Among them, many peptidase families (e.g., peptidase C1 and M1) including potential vaccine targets were enriched. Notably, the glycan-rich conjugates are distributed primarily in the intestine and gonads of adult worms, and consequently hidden from the host's immune system. Collectively, these data provide a comprehensive atlas of N-glycosylation in a prevalent parasitic nematode while underlining its significance for infection, immunity and prevention.
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Key Words
- Con A, concanavalin A
- Fuc, fucose
- Gal, galactose
- Gal-Fuc, galactosylated fucose
- GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine
- GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine
- Glycopeptide
- HILIC, hydrophilic interaction chromatography
- Haemonchus contortus
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- MALDI-ToF MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry
- Man, mannose
- Mass spectrometry
- N-glycan
- N-glycosylation
- OST, oligosaccharyltransferase
- PNGase A/F, peptide-N-glycosidase A/F
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Institut für Parasitologie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, Wien, Austria
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nishith Gupta
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany,Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS-P), Hyderabad, India
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Corresponding author at: College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan St., Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China.
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Hakami Z, Hand AR. Expression of aquaporin 5 during murine palatine glands development: a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:379-385. [PMID: 32812295 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although aquaporin 5 (AQP5) seems to play a role in cytodifferentiation and cell proliferation during the development of salivary glands, its distribution during minor salivary glands development has been scarcely reported. This study examined the temporal-spatial distribution of AQP5 in the developing rat palatine glands using light and electron microscopy. At embryonic (E) age E18, AQP5 labeling was observed on the cell membranes of some terminal bulb cells. After lumenization at E20, AQP5 labeled the apical membrane in acini where a lumen existed, in addition to displaying positive diffuse cytoplasmic and cell membrane staining. At the electron microscopic level, AQP5 labeled the supranuclear cytoplasm and the luminal microvilli along the apical membrane. At birth, AQP5 was also localized to the lateral membranes associated ultrastructurally with the microvilli of intercellular canaliculi. After postnatal (PN) day PN7, mucous acini and serous demilunes showed reactivity. AQP5 reached peak reactivity around PN13 with a similar staining pattern in all acini, but had reduced dramatically by PN21. Thereafter, AQP5 reactivity was mainly associated with serous cells in adults. In conclusion, the transitory expression of AQP5 during palatine glands development may reflect changing physiological functions of the secretory cells and/or AQP5 throughout the maturation of the glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Hakami
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arthur R Hand
- Departments of Craniofacial Sciences and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Hakami Z, Hand AR. Developmental Morphology of the Palatine Glands in Rats: An Electron Microscope Study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1820-1833. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Hakami
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Orthodontics; College of Dentistry, Jazan University; Jazan Saudi Arabia
| | - Arthur R. Hand
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences and Cell Biology; School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut; Farmington Connecticut
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Distribution of nerve fibers during the development of palatine glands in rats. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:110-116. [PMID: 29287611 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland maturation and function are modulated by the nervous system. Nevertheless, little is known about salivary gland innervation during development, particularly minor salivary glands. This study investigated the development of the innervation of the palatine glands of rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frozen sections of rat palatine glands at different stages were immunohistochemically labeled for detection of the general nerve markers protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43), and the autonomic nerve markers calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). RESULTS PGP 9.5 and GAP-43-immunoreactive fibers (IRF) were present in the mesenchyme and in association with developing acini, ducts and blood vessels. GAP-43-IRF were more abundant and diffuse than PGP 9.5-IRF at early stages, but showed similar distribution with growth, ramifying out from thick bundles in connective tissues until encircling the secretory units observed around postnatal day 21 (PN21). CGRP-IRF were detected in the mesenchyme at embryonic day 20 (E20) and PN0. CGRP-IRF became numerous around PN7 and PN10. They then decreased to the adult level at PN21, mainly located around ducts and infrequently blood vessels. NPY-IRF were sparsely detected in the mesenchyme at E20, then detected in close proximity to acini in addition to blood vessels at PN3. NPY-IRF increased till reaching the adult stage, and were mainly associated with blood vessels and around mucous cells and some serous demilunes. CONCLUSION The findings indicated a developmental modification of the sensory and autonomic innervation which may play a role in the functional maturation of the palatine salivary glands.
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