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Souza JR, Moreira LB, Lima LLR, Silva TG, Braga PPM, Carvalho GA. Susceptibility of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Crysopidae) to insecticides used in coffee crops. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1306-1314. [PMID: 32785888 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The coffee crop hosts pests such as mites, mealybugs, and aphids which serve as food for the predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The preservation of this chrysopid in coffee agroecosystem is very important to achieve sustainability of this agricultural sector, and can be obtained by applying low toxicity insecticides. The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of C. externa to azadiracthin, chlorpyrifos, ethiprole and teflubenzuron. Predator eggs, third instar larvae, pupae and adults were exposed to insecticides by Potter tower spraying. When evaluating exposure of C. externa eggs we observed that chlorpyrifos, ethiprole and teflubenzuron reduced larvae hatching, while azadiracthin prolonged first instar duration. Meanwhile, the exposure of third instar larvae to chlorpyrifos and ethiprole caused mortality of all insects after 72 h, while azadiracthin prolonged the larval development time; we also observed that no compound allowed the formation of adults. After pupae were exposed to chlorpyrifos and teflubenzuron, it was observed a reduction on the emergence of adults, while the longevity of adults from these pupae and the evaluated reproductive parameters were reduced by all insecticides. For the bioassay with adults, chlorpyrifos, ethiprole and teflubenzuron reduced the longevity of insects, while the reproductive parameters evaluated were negatively affected after exposure to azadiracthin and teflubenzuron. It was concluded that all insecticides negatively affected at least one biological characteristic of the predator in at least one of the insect's developmental stages, requiring further research in semi-field and field conditions to prove its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jander Rodrigues Souza
- Department of Entomology of the Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Bastos Moreira
- Department of Entomology of the Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Túlio Guimarães Silva
- Department of Entomology of the Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo Andrade Carvalho
- Department of Entomology of the Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil.
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Mantzoukas S, Ntoukas A, Lagogiannis I, Kalyvas N, Eliopoulos P, Poulas K. Larvicidal Action of Cannabidiol Oil and Neem Oil against Three Stored Product Insect Pests: Effect on Survival Time and in Progeny. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E321. [PMID: 33019756 PMCID: PMC7599800 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SStored product pests can be detrimental to agricultural produce. As much as chemical pesticides are effective control agents, they involve several environmental and health risks. Within the framework of studies on alternative pest management methods, interest has focused on a plethora of plants whose extracts have demonstrated promising action as insecticides. Azadirachta indica and the derived neem oil have been extensively tested against many harmful insect species. In contrast, Cannabis sativa L. and its main compound, CBD, a highly concentrated cannabinoid, have not been investigated much. The present study examined the potential insecticidal activity of CBD and neem oils against 4th instar larvae of Tribolium confusum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Plodia interpunctella on wheat, rice and corn seeds. Treatment efficacy was expressed in terms of larval mortality. Mortality was observed in relation to dosage, time exposure intervals and product types. The results showed clear pesticidal activity for both oils, which at high doses induced significant mortality. The treatments produced significantly fewer offspring in the insect species tested than the control. The efficacy of treatment in progeny suppression was, as expected, dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridon Mantzoukas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.N.); (I.L.); (N.K.)
| | - Aristeidis Ntoukas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.N.); (I.L.); (N.K.)
| | - Ioannis Lagogiannis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.N.); (I.L.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Kalyvas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.N.); (I.L.); (N.K.)
| | | | - Konstantinos Poulas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.N.); (I.L.); (N.K.)
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Rocco DA, Garcia ASG, Scudeler EL, Dos Santos DC, Nóbrega RH, Paluzzi JPV. Glycoprotein Hormone Receptor Knockdown Leads to Reduced Reproductive Success in Male Aedes aegypti. Front Physiol 2019; 10:266. [PMID: 30941056 PMCID: PMC6433794 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein hormone receptors mediate a diverse range of physiological functions in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. The heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone GPA2/GPB5 and its receptor LGR1, constitute a recently discovered invertebrate neuroendocrine signaling system that remains to be functionally characterized. We previously reported that LGR1 is expressed in the testes of adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, where its immunoreactivity is particularly regionalized. Here, we show that LGR1 immunoreactivity is associated with the centriole adjunct of spermatids and is observed transiently during spermatogenesis in mosquitoes, where it may act to mediate the regulation of flagellar development. RNA interference to downregulate LGR1 expression was accomplished by feeding mosquito larvae with bacteria that produced LGR1-specific dsRNA, which led to defects in spermatozoa, characterized with shortened flagella. LGR1 knockdown mosquitoes also retained ∼60% less spermatozoa in reproductive organs and demonstrated reduced fertility compared to controls. To date, the endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis in mosquitoes remains an understudied research area. The distribution of LGR1 and detrimental effects of its knockdown on spermatogenesis in A. aegypti indicates that this heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone signaling system contributes significantly to the regulation of male reproductive biology in this important disease-vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rocco
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana S G Garcia
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Elton L Scudeler
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Daniela C Dos Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.,Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rafael H Nóbrega
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Spochacz M, Chowański S, Szymczak M, Lelario F, Bufo SA, Adamski Z. Sublethal Effects of Solanum nigrum Fruit Extract and Its Pure Glycoalkaloids on the Physiology of Tenebrio molitor (Mealworm). Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E504. [PMID: 30513736 PMCID: PMC6316220 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanaceae plants produce glycoalkaloids (GAs) that affect various physiological processes of herbivorous insects and they are being tested as potential alternatives for synthetic pesticides. They cause lethal and sublethal effects. Nevertheless, their mode of action remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the effects of Solanum nigrum fruit extracts and pure glycoalkaloids on a model beetle, Tenebrio molitor. METHODS Plant extracts or pure alkaloids were added to the food of the larvae for three days. The lipid, glycogen, and protein content in the fat body and the midgut were determined, and the contractility of the heart, hindgut, and oviduct muscles was tested using the video-microscopy technique. Finally, the ultrastructure of the fat body and the midgut was observed using electron microscopy. RESULTS No lethal effects were noted. Sublethal changes were observed in the content of biomolecules, malformations of organelles, chromatin condensation, and heart and oviduct contractility. The observed effects differed between the tested glycoalkaloids and the extract. CONCLUSIONS Both the extract and pure GAs have a wide range of effects that may result in impaired development, food intake, and reproduction. Some early effects may be used as bioindicators of stress. The effects of the extract and pure alkaloids suggest that the substances produced by the plant may act additively or synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Spochacz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Monika Szymczak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Filomena Lelario
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Sabino A Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
- Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Fiaz M, Martínez LC, Costa MDS, Cossolin JFS, Plata-Rueda A, Gonçalves WG, Sant'Ana AEG, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE. Squamocin induce histological and ultrastructural changes in the midgut cells of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:1-8. [PMID: 29524778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Annonaceous acetogenins (Annona squamosa Linnaeus) comprises of a series of natural products which are extracted from Annonaceae species, squamocin proved to be highly efficient among those agents. Squamocin is mostly referred as a lethal agent for midgut cells of different insects, with toxic effects when tested against larva of some insects. In present study, LC50 and LC90 of squamocin for A. gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were calculated using probit analysis. Morphological changes in midgut cells were analyzed under light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopes when larvae were treated with LC50 and LC90 of squamocin for 24, 48 and 72 h. Results revealed that the maximum damage to midgut cells was found under LC90 where it showed digestive cells with enlarged basal labyrinth, highly vacuolated cytoplasm, damaged apical surface, cell protrusions to the gut lumen, autophagy and cell death. The midgut goblet cells showed a strong disorganization of their microvilli. Likewise, in insects treated with squamocin, mitochondria were not marked with Mitotracker fluorescent probe, suggesting some molecular damage in these organelles, which was reinforced by decrease in the respiration rate in these insects. These results demonstrate that squamocin has potential to induce enough morphological changes in midgut through epithelial cell damage in A. gemmatalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fiaz
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luis Carlos Martínez
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Angelica Plata-Rueda
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Antônio Euzébio Goulart Sant'Ana
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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