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Ronca CL, Marques SS, Ritieni A, Giménez-Martínez R, Barreiros L, Segundo MA. Olive Oil Waste as a Source of Functional Food Ingredients: Assessing Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Olive Leaves. Foods 2024; 13:189. [PMID: 38254490 PMCID: PMC10814828 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Around two million tons of olive oil are produced in Europe annually, with Portugal being among the top five European olive oil-producing countries. Olive oil production results in a substantial amount of waste in the form of olive leaves. These discarded olive leaves contain valuable phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, neuroprotective, and antiproliferative properties. Due to their richness in polyphenols with health-promoting properties, olive leaves can be considered a potential functional food ingredient. Thus, sustainable practices for reusing olive leaf waste are in demand. In this study, the polyphenolic content in olive leaves from different Portuguese locations was determined using HPLC-UV-Vis after defining the best fit-for-purpose liquid extraction strategy. The differences in the in vitro antioxidant activity in these samples were determined by several methodologies based on radical scavenging (against 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and peroxyl radical (ORAC)) and on reducing properties (cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and Folin-Ciocalteu assay (FC)), to unveil the relationship between the profile and quantity of polyphenols with antioxidant mechanisms and their capacity. At last, the stability of extracted compounds upon lyophilization and exposition to surrogate biological fluids was assessed, envisioning the future incorporation of olive leaves extracted compounds in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L. Ronca
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.R.); (S.S.M.); (L.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Sara S. Marques
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.R.); (S.S.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rafael Giménez-Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Luisa Barreiros
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.R.); (S.S.M.); (L.B.)
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.R.); (S.S.M.); (L.B.)
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Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Natural Products as Dietary Agents for the Prevention and Mitigation of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in the Intestinal Barrier. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:65. [PMID: 38247489 PMCID: PMC10812469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Food intake is a basic need to sustain life, but foodborne pathogens and food-related xenobiotics are also the main health concerns regarding intestinal barrier homeostasis. With a predominant role in the well-being of the entire human body, intestinal barrier homeostasis is strictly regulated by epithelial and immune cells. These cells are also the main intervenients in oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases in the intestinal tract, triggered, for example, by genetic/epigenetic factors, food additives, pesticides, drugs, pathogens, and their metabolites. Nevertheless, the human diet can also be seen as a solution for the problem, mainly via the inclusion of functional foods or nutraceuticals that may act as antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agents to prevent and mitigate acute and chronic oxidative damage and inflammation. A literature analysis of recent advances in this topic highlights the significant role of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathways in these biological processes, with many natural products and phytochemicals targeting endogenous antioxidant systems and cytokine production and balance. In this review, we summarized and discussed studies using in vitro and in vivo models of the intestinal tract used to reproduce oxidative damage and inflammatory events, as well as the role of natural products as modulators of Nrf2 and NK-kB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4gro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Hashempour-Baltork F, Farshi P, Mirza Alizadeh A, Eskandarzadeh S, Abedinzadeh S, Azadmard-Damirchi S, Torbati M. Effect of Refined Edible Oils on Neurodegenerative Disorders. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:461-468. [PMID: 37646051 PMCID: PMC10460797 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are comprise a prominent class of neurological diseases. Generally, neurodegenerative diseases cannot be cured, and the available treatments can only regulate the symptoms or delay the disease progression. Among the several factors which could clarify the possible pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, next to aging as the main risk, the dietary related diseases are the most important. Vegetable oils, which are composed of triacyclglycerols as the main components and several other components in a trace amount, are the main part of our diet. This review aims to study the effect of refined or unrefined vegetable oil consumption as a preventive or aiding strategy to slow or halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In the refining process, owing to the chemical materials or severe temperatures of the refining process, removal of the desirable minor components is sometimes unavoidable and thus a worrisome issue affecting physical and neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastou Farshi
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Eskandarzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Abedinzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Antioxidants: an approach for restricting oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:717-730. [PMID: 36933175 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide. Oxidative stress contributes towards induction of neurodegeneration. It is one of the reasons behind initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding of oxidative balance and restoration of oxidative stress has demonstrated its effectiveness in the management of AD. Various natural and synthetic molecules have been found to be effective in different models of AD. Some clinical studies also support the use of antioxidants for prevention of neurodegeneration in AD. In this review we are summarizing the development of antioxidants to restrict oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration in AD.
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Foti P, Occhipinti PS, Russo N, Scilimati A, Miciaccia M, Caggia C, Perrone MG, Randazzo CL, Romeo FV. Olive Mill Wastewater Fermented with Microbial Pools as a New Potential Functional Beverage. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020646. [PMID: 36677704 PMCID: PMC9866608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) represents a by-product but also a source of biologically active compounds, and their recycling is a relevant strategy to recover income and to reduce environmental impact. The objective of the present study was to obtain a new functional beverage with a health-promoting effect starting from OMWW. Fresh OMWW were pre-treated through filtration and/or microfiltration and subjected to fermentation using strains belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Candida boidinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus. During fermentation, phenolic content and hydroxytyrosol were monitored. Moreover, the biological assay of microfiltered fermented OMWW was detected versus tumor cell lines and as anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that in microfiltered OMWW, fermentation was successfully conducted, with the lowest pH values reached after 21 days. In addition, in all fermented samples, an increase in phenol and organic acid contents was detected. Particularly, in samples fermented with L. plantarum and C. boidinii in single and combined cultures, the concentration of hydroxytyrosol reached values of 925.6, 902.5 and 903.5 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, biological assays highlighted that fermentation determines an increase in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of OMWW. Lastly, an increment in the active permeability on Caco-2 cell line was also revealed. In conclusion, results of the present study confirmed that the process applied here represents an effective strategy to achieve a new functional beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Foti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paride S. Occhipinti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Morena Miciaccia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT (Interdepartmental Research Centre in Nutraceuticals and Health Products), University of Catania, Via le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia L. Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT (Interdepartmental Research Centre in Nutraceuticals and Health Products), University of Catania, Via le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Flora V. Romeo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Olivico-Tura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
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6
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The Role of Diet in Regulation of Macrophages Functioning. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092087. [PMID: 36140188 PMCID: PMC9495355 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The great importance of diet for health and high life-expectancy is established. The impact of nutrients on immune system is a point of growing research interest. Recent studies have found pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of some diet patterns and nutrients that can be used from the bench to the bedside for chronic low-grade inflammatory status correction. In this regard, the assessment of potential effects of nutrition on macrophage differentiation, proliferation, and functioning in health and disease is highly demanded. In this review, we present current data on the effects of nutrients on the macrophage functioning.
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Katsinas N, Rodríguez-Rojo S, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A. Olive Pomace Phenolic Compounds and Extracts Can Inhibit Inflammatory- and Oxidative-Related Diseases of Human Ocular Surface Epithelium. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071150. [PMID: 34356385 PMCID: PMC8301198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative- and inflammatory-related ocular surface diseases have high prevalence and are an emerging issue in ophthalmology. Olive pomace (OP) is the olive oil's industry main by-product, and is potentially environmentally hazardous. Nevertheless, it contains phenolic compounds with important bioactivities, like oleuropein (OL) and hydroxytyrosol (HT). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of four OP extracts (CONV, OPT(1-3)), pure OL and HT, and mixtures thereof were screened on human corneal (HCE) and conjunctival epithelial (IM-ConjEpi) cells. CONV was conventionally extracted, while OPT(1-3) were produced by pressurized liquid extraction. Thanks to their improved activity, CONV and OPT3 (HT-enriched) were selected for dose-dependent studies. Cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α or ultraviolet-B radiation, measuring interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17A as well as interferon γ-induced protein [IP]-10 secretion or intracellular ROS production, respectively. On HCE, both extracts and HT inhibited the secretion of most measured ILs, demonstrating a strong anti-inflammatory effect; while in IM-ConjEpi, all samples decreased IP-10 secretion. Moreover, HT, OL, and both extracts showed strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity in both cell lines. Compared with CONV, OPT3 was active at lower concentrations, demonstrating that intensified extraction techniques are selective towards targeted biomarkers. Hence, a high-value application as potential ocular surface therapy was proposed for the OP valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Katsinas
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid (UVa), Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- High Pressure Processes Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, University of Valladolid (UVa), Dr. Mergelina str., 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Soraya Rodríguez-Rojo
- High Pressure Processes Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, University of Valladolid (UVa), Dr. Mergelina str., 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid (UVa), Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-983-186-369
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Wang Q, Luo Y, Chaudhuri KR, Reynolds R, Tan EK, Pettersson S. The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease: mechanistic insights andtherapeutic options. Brain 2021; 144:2571-2593. [PMID: 33856024 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in which gastrointestinal symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease shows unique changes, which may be used as early biomarkers of disease. Alteration in gut microbiota composition may be related to the cause or effect of motor or non-motor symptoms, but the specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease by regulating neuroinflammation, barrier function and neurotransmitter activity. There is bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis may provide a pathway for the transmission of α-synuclein. We highlight recent discoveries and alterations of the gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease, and highlight current mechanistic insights on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in disease pathophysiology. We discuss the interactions between production and transmission of α-synuclein and gut inflammation and neuroinflammation. In addition, we also draw attention to diet modification, use of probiotics and prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential therapeutic approaches that may lead to a new treatment paradigm for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Yuqi Luo
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence at King's College Hospital, and Kings College, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,LKC School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore.,Sunway University, Department of Medical Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Extract on Human Hepatic HepG2 and Intestinal Caco-2 Cells: Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity and Intestinal Trans-Epithelial Transport. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010118. [PMID: 33467632 PMCID: PMC7829860 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the framework of research aimed at promoting the nutraceutical properties of the phenolic extract (BUO) obtained from an extra virgin olive oil of the Frantoio cultivar cultivated in Tuscany (Italy), with a high total phenols content, this study provides a comprehensive characterization of its antioxidant properties, both in vitro by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays, and at the cellular level in human hepatic HepG2 and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Notably, in both cell systems, after H2O2 induced oxidative stress, the BUO extract reduced reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and NO overproduction via modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels. In parallel, the intestinal transport of the different phenolic components of the BUO phytocomplex was assayed on differentiated Caco-2 cells, a well-established model of mature enterocytes. The novelty of our study lies in having investigated the antioxidant effects of a complex pool of phenolic compounds in an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) extract, using either in vitro assays or liver and intestinal cell models, rather than the effects of single phenols, such as hydroxytyrosol or oleuropein. Finally, the selective trans-epithelial transport of some oleuropein derivatives was observed for the first time in differentiated Caco-2 cells.
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Elaasser MM, Morsi MK, Galal SM, Abd El-Rahman MK, Katry MA. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of the unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2020. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0916192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of olive oil are well-known. In this study, the unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil (Unsap) was investigated for reducing power capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, fer-rous chelating activity and nitric oxide inhibition. The present study was also designed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the Unsap against human carcinoma cells. The anti-inflammatory potential of Unsap has been determined via the inhibition of Human Cyclooxygenases. The results showed that Unsap is efficient for ferric reducing antioxidant power and nitric oxide inhibition. Unsap has a selective effect as anti-inflammatory agent. The results showed moderate to good in vitro antitumor activities of Unsap against human liver, lung and pancreas cancer cells with IC50 ranging from 19.6 to 30.4 μg/mL and good selectivity index (≥ 2). In conclusion, Unsap represents a promising and safe antitumor and antioxidant material that supports the need for further investigation.
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11
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Yoshikawa M, Mizutani T, Okano Y, Masaki H. An Extract of Young Olive Fruit Residues Attenuates Oxidative Stress in HaCaT Keratinocytes through the Ativation of Nrf2 Signaling. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:719-726. [PMID: 32612021 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Residues of olive fruit (ROF) after the extraction of oils are an increasing source of industrial waste, because olive oil is becoming more popular as a healthy food. It has been reported that olives have some polyphenols that have an antioxidation capability. On the other hand, excess oxidative stress disrupts epidermal barrier function. This study was conducted to determine whether ROF could be utilized as an antioxidant source to reduce industrial wastes and to identify possible active materials to maintain healthy skin. Olive fruits are categorized into two groups depending on the time of harvest, young fruit (YF) and mature fruit (MF). Thus, we examined the antioxidant potentials of extracts from YF and from MF to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) from biological and chemical aspects. HaCaT keratinocytes cultured with extracts of YF or MF had reduced levels of intracellular ROS in spite of the relatively low chemical capability against ROS scavenging. The biological effects of the YF extract were superior to those of the MF extract. The YF extract showed effective reductions of intracellular ROS and carbonylated proteins that were elevated by the stress-related hormone cortisol. In addition, the YF extract reinforced the intracellular antioxidation capability through the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Taken together, the YF extract was an effective source to reinforce the intracellular antioxidation capability. We conclude from these results that utilizing ROF would lead to the reduction of industrial wastes and would supply active materials to maintain healthy skin.
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12
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Natural antioxidants' effects on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111229. [PMID: 32105807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a normal molecular process induced by the over-accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins. ER stress induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), which reduces global protein synthesis, increases ER capacity and protein degradation, to restart ER homeostasis, allowing cell survival. However, the over-induction of UPR can also trigger inflammatory processes, tissue damage and cell death. ER stress is involved in several pathologies, like endothelial dysfunction, diabetes and heart, liver, kidney or neurological diseases. Although the progression of these diseases is the result of several pathological mechanisms, oxidative stress has been widely related to these pathologies. Moreover, ER stress can establish a progressive pathological cycle with oxidative stress. Therefore, the use of natural antioxidants, able to modulate both oxidative and ER stress, can be a new strategy to mitigate these diseases. This review is focused on the effects of natural antioxidant compounds on ER stress in endothelial dysfunction, diabetes and heart, liver, kidney or neurological diseases.
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13
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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols: Modulation of Cellular Pathways Related to Oxidant Species and Inflammation in Aging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020478. [PMID: 32093046 PMCID: PMC7072812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive-oil-centered Mediterranean diet has been associated with extended life expectancy and a reduction in the risk of age-related degenerative diseases. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) itself has been proposed to promote a "successful aging", being able to virtually modulate all the features of the aging process, because of its great monounsaturated fatty acids content and its minor bioactive compounds, the polyphenols above all. Polyphenols are mostly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, able to modulate abnormal cellular signaling induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress, as that related to NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which have been identified as important modulators of age-related disorders and aging itself. This review summarizes existing literature about the interaction between EVOO polyphenols and NF-κB and Nrf-2 signaling pathways. Reported studies show the ability of EVOO phenolics, mainly hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, to activate Nrf-2 signaling, inducing a cellular defense response and to prevent NF-κB activation, thus suppressing the induction of a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Literature data, although not exhaustive, indicate as a whole that EVOO polyphenols may significantly help to modulate the aging process, so tightly connected to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
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The Polyphenolic Composition of Extracts Derived from Different Greek Extra Virgin Olive Oils Is Correlated with Their Antioxidant Potency. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1870965. [PMID: 31015888 PMCID: PMC6446106 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1870965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil possesses a predominant role in the diet of countries around the Mediterranean basin, whereas it is a known constituent of several sectors of human culture. The polyphenolic composition of olive oil seems to be a key factor in its beneficial biological properties. Based on the above, the aim of this study was to correlate the polyphenolic composition of five extracts derived from a Greek olive oil variety with their antioxidant potency and antimutagenic activities in vitro with chemical-based techniques and cell culture-based assays. According to the results obtained, the polyphenol samples with higher concentration of hydroxytyrosol (HT) were more potent in antioxidant and antimutagenic activity in vitro, as indicated by their ability to scavenge ABTS·+ radical and to protect the strand of plasmid DNA from free radical-induced breaking compared to the corresponding samples with higher levels of tyrosol (T) and its derivatives. However, this observation was not evident in the cell culture model (i.e., the HeLa cervical cancer cell line) to which the tested extracts were administered. Specifically, the T-rich extracts more effectively increased endogenous GSH levels measured by flow cytometry than did the HT-rich compounds. Also, olive oil compounds contributed variously to the expression of genes implicated in the cell antioxidant machinery, as indicated by quantitative PCR. Therefore, the relationship between structure and function in redox regulation is complex and merits the combination of tests. Given that factors like the production and storage regimen of the plants are major determinants of the composition of the generated extracts, we propose that specific conditions should be adopted in order to achieve their maximum biological activity. These results followed by others in the same direction could provide a solid basis for the production of functional foods enriched in olive oil extracts with potential antioxidant action in vivo.
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15
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Pepe G, Sommella E, Cianciarulo D, Ostacolo C, Manfra M, Di Sarno V, Musella S, Russo M, Messore A, Parrino B, Bertamino A, Autore G, Marzocco S, Campiglia P. Polyphenolic Extract from Tarocco (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Clone "Lempso" Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects via NF-kB and Nrf-2 Activation in Murine Macrophages. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121961. [PMID: 30545010 PMCID: PMC6316643 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are often employed as ingredients for functional drinks. Among Citrus, the variety, “Lempso”, a typical hybrid of the Calabria region (Southern Italy), has been reported to possess superior antioxidant activity when compared to other common Citrus varieties. For these reasons, the aim of this study is to investigate in vitro the nutraceutical value of the Tarocco clone, “Lempso”, highlighting its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. A post-column 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging assay for the screening of antioxidant compounds in these complex matrices was developed. Subsequently, polyphenolic extract was tested on a murine macrophage cell line under inflammatory conditions. The extract resulted was able to significantly inhibit nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine release and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The inhibition of these pro-inflammatory factors was associated to Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) inhibition. Our results also indicate an anti-oxidant potential of the extract as evidenced by the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and by the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) pathway in macrophages. The obtained results highlight the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Lempso extract and its potential use, as a new ingredient for the formulation of functional beverages with high nutraceutical value, providing health benefits to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Donato Cianciarulo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Simona Musella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Food Chemistry, Authentication, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory, FOCUSS Lab, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari, I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Antonella Messore
- Food Chemistry, Authentication, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory, FOCUSS Lab, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Melissari, I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (Ebris), Via De Renzi 50, I-84125 Salerno, Italy.
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Fei P, Ali MA, Gong S, Sun Q, Bi X, Liu S, Guo L. Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of olive oil polyphenols extract against Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Mężyńska M, Brzóska MM. Review of polyphenol-rich products as potential protective and therapeutic factors against cadmium hepatotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:117-145. [PMID: 30216481 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the growing attention of the scientific community has been focused on the threat to health created by environmental pollutants, including toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd), and on the need of finding effective ways to prevent and treat the unfavorable health effects of exposure to them. Particularly promising for Cd, and thus arousing the greatest interest, is the possibility of using various ingredients present in plants, including mainly polyphenolic compounds. As the liver is one of the target organs for this toxic metal and disturbances in the proper functioning of this organ have serious consequences for health, the aim of the present review was to discuss the possibility of using polyphenol-rich food products (e.g., chokeberry, black and green tea, blueberry, olive oil, rosemary and ginger) as the strategy in protection from this xenobiotic hepatotoxicity and treatment of this heavy metal-induced liver damage. Owing to the ability of polyphenols to bind ions of Cd and the strong antioxidative potential of these compounds, as well as their abundance in dietary products, it seems to be of high importance to consider the possibility of using polyphenols as potential preventive and therapeutic agents against Cd hepatotoxicity, determined by its strong pro-oxidative properties. Although most of the data on the effectiveness of polyphenols comes from studies in animals, the fact that some of them are derived from experimental models that reflect human exposure to this metal allows us to assume that some polyphenol-rich food products may be promising protective agents against Cd hepatotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mężyńska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Malgorzata M Brzóska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
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Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Dávalos A, Visioli F. Pharma-Nutritional Properties of Olive Oil Phenols. Transfer of New Findings to Human Nutrition. Foods 2018; 7:E90. [PMID: 29891766 PMCID: PMC6025313 DOI: 10.3390/foods7060090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has been long associated with improved cardiovascular prognosis, chemoprevention, and lower incidence of neurodegeneration. Of the multiple components of this diet, olive oil stands out because its use has historically been limited to the Mediterranean basin. The health benefits of olive oil and some of its components are being rapidly decoded. In this paper we review the most recent pharma-nutritional investigations on olive oil biophenols and their health effects, chiefly focusing on recent findings that elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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Giacomazza D, D’Andrea D, Provenzano A, Picone P, Provenzano F, Guarrasi V, Raimondo M, San Biagio PL, Passantino R, Mangione MR, Di Carlo M, Costa MA. The precious content of the olive mill wastewater: the protective effect of the antioxidant fraction in cell cultures. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1458752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giacomazza
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela D’Andrea
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Provenzano
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Picone
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “A. Monroy” (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Provenzano
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Guarrasi
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Raimondo
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi San Biagio
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Passantino
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Mangione
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Carlo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “A. Monroy” (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Costa
- Istituto di BioFisica (IBF – Palermo Unit), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Ammendola S, Cocchiola R, Lopreiato M, Politi L, Scandurra R, Giusti AM, Scotto d'Abusco A. Olive Fruit Blends Modulate Lipid-Sensing Nuclear Receptor PPARγ, Cell Survival, and Oxidative Stress Response in Human Osteoblast Cells. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:589-597. [PMID: 29652575 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1451409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate how different extravirgin olive oils (EVOOs), obtained by blending Olea europea cultivars, could influence the cell growth, the response to inflammatory stimuli, and oxidative stress in a culture of the osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2. METHODS Three different extravirgin olive oils were physicochemically characterized, determining the free acidity, the oxidation status, the polyphenols content, and the antioxidative activity. Moreover, the effects on Saos-2 cell culture were determined, studying the mRNA expression level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and the antioxidative activity using fluorescent probes. RESULTS The cultivars used in the south of Italy, yield extravirgin oils with different amount of fatty acids and polyphenols, which counteract induction of proinflammatory cytokines and regulate free radical production in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated cells. In vitro analysis using the human osteoblast cell line Saos-2 showed that the addition of oils to cell culture simulated a hypoxic stress followed by a reoxygenation period, during which the antioxidant activity of extravirgin olive oils protected cells from oxidative damages. On the other hand, the mRNA expression levels of factors involved in inflammatory processes, cell growth recovery, and antioxidant response, as heme oxygenase-1, were differently stimulated by EVOOs. Moreover, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was differently modulated by EVOOs. CONCLUSION These findings show that the blending of different extravirgin olive oil can impact an osteoblast cell line, in particular regarding cell growth recovery and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rossana Cocchiola
- b Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Roma , Italy
| | - Mariangela Lopreiato
- b Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Roma , Italy
| | - Laura Politi
- b Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Roma , Italy
| | - Roberto Scandurra
- b Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Roma , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- c Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma , Italy
| | - Anna Scotto d'Abusco
- b Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Roma , Italy
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