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Nopparat J, Nualla-Ong A, Phongdara A. Treatment with Pluchea indica (L.) Less. leaf ethanol extract alleviates liver injury in multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic BALB/c mice. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1385-1396. [PMID: 32742373 PMCID: PMC7388285 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are hallmarks of liver damage in diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Pluchea indica leaf ethanol extract (PILE) possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies of its effects on liver damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals remain insufficient. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to illustrate that PILE mitigated liver injury in STZ animals. Mice were first pretreated with PILE at either 50 mg/kg (PILE 50) or 100 mg/kg (PILE 100) 2 weeks prior to the induction of hyperglycemia by multiple low doses of STZ. The mice were then fed with PILE 50 or PILE 100 for 4 or 8 weeks, following which liver weight, pathological changes, oxidative stress parameters, inflammation-related markers and caspase-mediated apoptosis were measured at each time point. Untreated STZ mice exhibited abnormal increases in liver weight and severe pathological changes. However, PILE 100 reduced the severity of the STZ-induced diabetic phenotype at both time points. A significant decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase, in addition to an increase in malondialdehyde, were observed in the livers of untreated STZ mice, all of which were significantly reversed by treatment with PILE 100 for 8 weeks. Western blot analysis revealed reduced levels of liver inflammatory markers, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, NF-κB p65, transforming growth factor-β1 and protein kinase C following PILE 100 treatment. Additionally, changes in the levels of apoptotic markers indicated that PILE 100 significantly attenuated caspase-9 and -3 expression, whilst preserving that of the Bcl-2 protein. In conclusion, the present study revealed that PILE alleviates hyperglycemia-induced liver injury by normalizing the various mediators of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongdee Nopparat
- Department of Anatomy, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Aekkaraj Nualla-Ong
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.,Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Phongdara
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.,Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Gallol LE, Busolini FI, Mohamed FH. Influence of melatonin and sexual hormones on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the adrenal cortex of a seasonal breeder (Lagostomus maximus). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:3052-3067. [PMID: 32445505 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) is a rodent of nocturnal habits, whose physiology and behavior vary according to modifications of environmental signals. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of melatonin and sexual hormones on the viscacha adrenal cortex proliferative activity through the immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) along with hormonal determinations. PCNA expression was studied in male viscachas to assess the effect of melatonin administration, castration, and the annual reproductive cycle. In female viscachas, PCNA was studied in nonpregnant and pregnant viscachas. PCNA expression was observed in adrenocortical cells (PCNA-A) and endothelial cells (PCNA-E). Melatonin-administered animals showed a significantly lower number of PCNA-A compared to the control group. No significant difference could be established in the number of PCNA-A and PCNA-E between castrated and control animals. However, the morphometric analysis showed an increase in the size of the cortex of castrated animals, along with other cytological features. Significant differences in serum testosterone levels were observed during the male viscacha reproductive cycle, with the lowest levels encountered during the regression period (winter). Male viscachas exhibited a significantly high number of PCNA-A during late autumn and a high number of PCNA-E during winter. In females, hormonal determinations showed a peak of progesterone and estrogen during mid-pregnancy, along with a notably high number of PCNA-A and an increase in the number of PCNA-E. Our results suggest that proliferation in the adrenal cortex of the viscacha varies in relation to melatonin, sexual hormones, and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ezequiel Gallol
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, 5700, Argentina.,Centro Científico Tecnológico del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis, 5700, Argentina
| | - Fabricio Iván Busolini
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, 5700, Argentina.,Centro Científico Tecnológico del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis, 5700, Argentina
| | - Fabian Heber Mohamed
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, 5700, Argentina
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Stefanovic B, Spasojevic N, Jovanovic P, Dronjak S. Melatonin treatment affects changes in adrenal gene expression of catecholamine biosynthesizing enzymes and norepinephrine transporter in the rat model of chronic-stress-induced depression. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:685-690. [PMID: 30773040 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of melatonin treatment on adrenal catecholamine content, synthesis, uptake, and vesicular transport induced by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression in rats. This entailed quantifying the norepinephrine, epinephrine, mRNA, and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in the adrenal medulla. CUMS caused a significant depletion of norepinephrine stores and protein levels of TH, DBH, and NET, whereas the gene expression of PNMT was increased. It was observed that melatonin treatment in the CUMS rats prevented the stress-induced decrease in norepinephrine content and the protein expression of TH, DBH, and NET in the adrenal medulla of chronically stressed rats. The present study demonstrates the stimulatory effect of melatonin on adrenomedullary synthesis, the uptake and content of catecholamine in the rat model of chronic stress-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Stefanovic
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Spasojevic
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Jovanovic
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,b CEDARS-SINAI, Center for Neural Science and Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sladjana Dronjak
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zini E, Nolli S, Ferri F, Massari F, Gerardi G, Nicoli S, Romanelli G, Montinaro V, Trez D, Cavicchioli L, Ferro S. Pheochromocytoma in Dogs Undergoing Adrenalectomy. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:358-368. [PMID: 30595108 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818819174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma is frequent in dogs and carries a guarded prognosis. Current histological criteria may not predict malignant behavior in dogs, similar to humans. In humans, characterization of tumors has been refined using the pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland scaled score (PASS) and by immunohistochemistry. The study aim was to investigate PASS and immunohistochemical markers used in humans in 24 dogs with pheochromocytoma that underwent adrenalectomy. Dogs with pheochromocytomas were reviewed and tumors collected. Histological sections were evaluated to apply the PASS and were single-labeled for chromogranin A, Ki-67, COX-2, p53, BCL-2, c-erbB-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and S100. Survival, age, and vascular and capsular invasion were compared for PASS and immunohistochemical markers; results of PASS were also compared for each marker. Associations between markers were tested. PASS and immunohistochemical markers did not differ for survival, age, and vascular and capsular invasion. Tumors showing BCL-2 expression in >50% cells had lower PASS than those with lower expression (PASS: 7 ± 2 vs 9 ± 2; P = .011). Tumors positive for S100 had higher PASS than those that were negative (PASS: 10 ± 2 vs 7 ± 2; P = .001). Results of the different markers were not associated. In conclusion, in the context of canine pheochromocytoma, PASS and the selected immunohistochemical markers are not associated with survival, age, or vascular or capsular invasion. The higher PASS in S100-positive tumors may indicate that pheochromocytomas developing morphologic changes acquire S100 expression. The significance of lower PASS in tumors with elevated BCL-2 expression is uncertain. Overall, the use of PASS and the present immunohistochemical markers may not be useful in dogs with pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Zini
- 1 Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,2 Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.,3 Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello NO, Italy
| | - Silvia Nolli
- 2 Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Filippo Ferri
- 3 Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello NO, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Gerardi
- 2 Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Nicoli
- 3 Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello NO, Italy
| | | | | | - Davide Trez
- 7 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- 7 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- 7 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro PD, Italy
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