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Kola G, Hamada E, Dhingra RR, Jacono FJ, Dick TE, Dewald D, Strohl KP, Fleury-Curado T, Dutschmann M. Persistent glossopharyngeal nerve respiratory discharge patterns after ponto-medullary transection. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2024; 327:104281. [PMID: 38768741 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Shape and size of the nasopharyngeal airway is controlled by muscles innervated facial, glossopharyngeal, vagal, and hypoglossal cranial nerves. Contrary to brainstem networks that drive facial, vagal and hypoglossal nerve activities (FNA, VNA, HNA) the discharge patterns and origins of glossopharyngeal nerve activity (GPNA) remain poorly investigated. Here, an in situ perfused brainstem preparation (n=19) was used for recordings of GPNA in relation to phrenic (PNA), FNA, VNA and HNA. Brainstem transections were performed (n=10/19) to explore the role of pontomedullary synaptic interactions in generating GPNA. GPNA generally mirrors FNA and HNA discharge patterns and displays pre-inspiratory activity relative to the PNA, followed by robust inspiratory discharge in coincidence with PNA. Postinspiratory (early expiratory) discharge was, contrary to VNA, generally absent in FNA, GPNA or HNA. As described previously FNA and HNA discharge was virtually eliminated after pontomedullary transection while an apneustic inspiratory motor discharge was maintained in PNA, VNA and GPNA. After brainstem transection GPNA displayed an increased tonic activity starting during mid-expiration and thus developed prolonged pre-inspiratory activity compared to control. In conclusion respiratory GPNA reflects FNA and HNA which implies similar function in controlling upper airway patency during breathing. That GPNA preserved its pre-inspiratory/inspiratory discharge pattern in relation PNA after pontomedullary transection suggest that GPNA premotor circuits may have a different anatomical distribution compared HNA and FNA and thus may therefore hold a unique role in preserving airway patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijnovefa Kola
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eriko Hamada
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Rishi R Dhingra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Frank J Jacono
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Pulmonary Section, Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thomas E Dick
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Denise Dewald
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44130, USA; Center for Sleep Disorders Research, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kingman P Strohl
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Sleep Disorders Research, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thomaz Fleury-Curado
- Center for Sleep Disorders Research, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mathias Dutschmann
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Sleep Disorders Research, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Missaghi K, Le Gal JP, Mercier J, Grover M, Beauséjour PA, Chartré S, Messihad O, Auclair F, Dubuc R. Revisiting the two rhythm generators for respiration in lampreys. Front Neuroanat 2024; 17:1270535. [PMID: 38250023 PMCID: PMC10796688 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1270535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In lampreys, respiration consists of a fast and a slow rhythm. This study was aimed at characterizing both anatomically and physiologically the brainstem regions involved in generating the two rhythms. The fast rhythm generator has been located by us and others in the rostral hindbrain, rostro-lateral to the trigeminal motor nucleus. More recently, this was challenged by researchers reporting that the fast rhythm generator was located more rostrally and dorsomedially, in a region corresponding to the mesencephalic locomotor region. These contradictory observations made us re-examine the location of the fast rhythm generator using anatomical lesions and physiological recordings. We now confirm that the fast respiratory rhythm generator is in the rostro-lateral hindbrain as originally described. The slow rhythm generator has received less attention. Previous studies suggested that it was composed of bilateral, interconnected rhythm generating regions located in the caudal hindbrain, with ascending projections to the fast rhythm generator. We used anatomical and physiological approaches to locate neurons that could be part of this slow rhythm generator. Combinations of unilateral injections of anatomical tracers, one in the fast rhythm generator area and another in the lateral tegmentum of the caudal hindbrain, were performed to label candidate neurons on the non-injected side of the lateral tegmentum. We found a population of neurons extending from the facial to the caudal vagal motor nuclei, with no clear clustering in the cell distribution. We examined the effects of stimulating different portions of the labeled population on the respiratory activity. The rostro-caudal extent of the population was arbitrarily divided in three portions that were each stimulated electrically or chemically. Stimulation of either of the three sites triggered bursts of discharge characteristic of the slow rhythm, whereas inactivating any of them stopped the slow rhythm. Substance P injected locally in the lateral tegmentum accelerated the slow respiratory rhythm in a caudal hindbrain preparation. Our results show that the fast respiratory rhythm generator consists mostly of a population of neurons rostro-lateral to the trigeminal motor nucleus, whereas the slow rhythm generator is distributed in the lateral tegmentum of the caudal hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kianoush Missaghi
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Julien Mercier
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Grover
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Shannon Chartré
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Omima Messihad
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Auclair
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Réjean Dubuc
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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The lamprey respiratory network: Some evolutionary aspects. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 294:103766. [PMID: 34329767 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Breathing is a complex behaviour that involves rhythm generating networks. In this review, we examine the main characteristics of respiratory rhythm generation in vertebrates and, in particular, we describe the main results of our studies on the role of neural mechanisms involved in the neuromodulation of the lamprey respiration. The lamprey respiratory rhythm generator is located in the paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG) and shows similarities with the mammalian preBötzinger complex. In fact, within the pTRG a major role is played by glutamate, but also GABA and glycine display important contributions. In addition, neuromodulatory influences are exerted by opioids, substance P, acetylcholine and serotonin. Both structures respond to exogenous ATP with a biphasic response and astrocytes there located strongly contribute to the modulation of the respiratory pattern. The results emphasize that some important characteristics of the respiratory rhythm generating network are, to a great extent, maintained throughout evolution.
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Li S, Wang F. Vertebrate Evolution Conserves Hindbrain Circuits despite Diverse Feeding and Breathing Modes. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0435-20.2021. [PMID: 33707205 PMCID: PMC8174041 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0435-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding and breathing are two functions vital to the survival of all vertebrate species. Throughout the evolution, vertebrates living in different environments have evolved drastically different modes of feeding and breathing through using diversified orofacial and pharyngeal (oropharyngeal) muscles. The oropharyngeal structures are controlled by hindbrain neural circuits. The developing hindbrain shares strikingly conserved organizations and gene expression patterns across vertebrates, thus begs the question of how a highly conserved hindbrain generates circuits subserving diverse feeding/breathing patterns. In this review, we summarize major modes of feeding and breathing and principles underlying their coordination in many vertebrate species. We provide a hypothesis for the existence of a common hindbrain circuit at the phylotypic embryonic stage controlling oropharyngeal movements that is shared across vertebrate species; and reconfiguration and repurposing of this conserved circuit give rise to more complex behaviors in adult higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Cinelli E, Mutolo D, Iovino L, Pantaleo T, Bongianni F. Key role of 5-HT 1A receptors in the modulation of the neuronal network underlying the respiratory rhythm generation in lampreys. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3903-3917. [PMID: 32378271 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, 5-HTexcitatory respiratory effects imply 5-HT1A receptor-mediated disinhibition of pre-Bötzinger complex neurons. In the lamprey, 5-HT1A receptors are involved in the neural control of locomotion, but their role in the respiratory regulation, particularly at the level of the putative respiratory rhythm generator, the paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG), is not known. We here investigate the respiratory function of inhibitory 5-HT1A receptors within the pTRG of the isolated brainstem of the adult lamprey. The 5-HT1A receptor agonists either bath applied or microinjected into the pTRG did not cause significant effects. However, the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (S)-WAY 100135 bath applied or microinjected into the pTRG induced depressing respiratory effects or even apnoea, thus revealing that 5-HT exerts a 5-HT1A receptor-mediated potent tonic influence on respiration and contributes to maintain baseline levels of respiratory activity. Microinjections of strychnine or bicuculline, either alone or in combination, into the pTRG prevented (S)-WAY 100135-induced apnoea. In addition, immunohistochemical studies corroborate the present findings suggesting that 5-HT1A receptors are widely expressed in close apposition to the soma of glycine-immunoreactive cells located within the pTRG region. The results show that in the lamprey respiratory network, 5-HT exerts a tonic influence on respiration by a potent inhibitory control on both GABAergic and glycinergic mechanisms. The observed disinhibitory effects resemble the excitatory respiratory modulation exerted by 5-HT1A receptor-mediated inhibition of glycinergic and/or GABAergic neurons present in mammals, supporting the notion that some features of the neuronal network subserving respiratory rhythm generation are highly conserved throughout phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenia Cinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Donatella Mutolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ludovica Iovino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Tito Pantaleo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fulvia Bongianni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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