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Ohshima H, Mishima K. Oral biosciences: The annual review 2023. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:1-4. [PMID: 38309695 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Journal of Oral Biosciences is dedicated to advancing and disseminating fundamental knowledge with regard to every aspect of oral biosciences. This review features review articles in the fields of "bone regeneration," "periodontitis," "periodontal diseases," "salivary glands," "sleep bruxism," and "Sjögren's syndrome." HIGHLIGHT This review focuses on human demineralized dentin and cementum matrices for bone regeneration, oxidized low-density lipoprotein in periodontal disease and systemic conditions, the relationship between inflammatory mediators in migraine and periodontitis, phosphoinositide signaling molecules in the salivary glands, and the pathophysiologies of sleep bruxism and Sjögren's syndrome. CONCLUSION The review articles featured in the Journal of Oral Biosciences have broadened the knowledge of readers regarding various aspects of oral biosciences. The current editorial review discusses the findings and significance of these review articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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Hipkaeo W, Kondo H. Localization of phospholipid-related signal molecules in salivary glands of rodents: A review. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:146-155. [PMID: 37061129 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 1950s, Hokin conducted initial studies on phosphoinositide turnover/cycle in salivary glandular cells. From these studies, the idea emerged that receptor-mediated changes in intramembranous levels of phosphoinositides represent an early step in the stimulus-response pathway. Based on this idea and the general view that knowledge of the exact localization of a given endogenous molecule in cells in situ is important for understanding its functional significance, we have reviewed available information about the localization of several representative phosphoinositide-signaling molecules in the salivary glands in situ in mice. HIGHLIGHT We focused on phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate 5-kinase α, β, γ, phospholipase Cβ, muscarinic cholinoceptors 1 and 3, diacylglycerol kinase ζ, phospholipase D1 and 2, ADP-ribosylation factor 6 and its exchange factors for Arf6, and cannabinoid receptors. These molecules individually exhibit differential localization in a spatiotemporal manner in the exocrine glands, making it possible to deduce their functional significance, such as their involvement in secretion and cell differentiation. CONCLUSION Although phosphoinositide-signaling molecules whose in situ localization in glandular cells has been clarified are still limited, the obtained information on their localization suggests that their functional significance is more valuable in glandular ducts than in acini. It thus suggests the necessity of greater attention to the ducts in their physio-pharmacological analyses. The purpose of this review is to encourage more in situ localization studies of phosphoinositide-signaling molecules with an aim to further understand their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of salivary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, JAPAN
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Hemha P, Chomphoo S, Polsan Y, Goto K, Watanabe M, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Discrete localization of phospholipase Cβ3 and diacylglycerol kinase ι along the renal proximal tubules of normal rat kidney and gentamicin-induced changes in their expression. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:293-307. [PMID: 36478081 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many signaling enzymes have multiple isozymes that are localized discretely at varying molecular levels in different compartments of cells where they play specific roles. In this study, among the various isozymes of phospholipase C (PLC) and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), which work sequentially in the phosphoinositide cycle, both PLCβ3 and DGKι were found in renal brush-border microvilli, but found to replace each other along the proximal tubules: PLCβ3 in the proximal straight tubules (PST) of the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM) and the medullary ray (MR), and DGKι in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) in the cortex and partially in the PST of the MR. Following daily injection of gentamicin for 1 week, the expression of PLCβ3 and DGKι was transiently enhanced, as demonstrated by western blot, and the increases were found to most likely occur in their original sites, that is, in the brush borders of the PST for PLCβ3 and in the PCT for DGKι. These findings showing differences in expression along the tubules suggest that the exertion of reabsorption and secretion through various ion channels and transporters in the microvillus membranes and the maintenance of microvillus turnover are regulated by a PLC-mediated signal with the balance shifted toward relative augmentation of the DAG function in the PST, and by a DGK-mediated signal with the balance shifted to relative augmentation of the phosphatidic acid function in the PCT. Our results also suggest the possibility that these isozymes are potential diagnostic signs for the early detection of acute kidney injury caused by gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premrudee Hemha
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Surang Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Yada Polsan
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Pakkarato S, Sakagami H, Goto K, Watanabe M, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W, Chomphoo S. Localization of phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5 kinase γ, phospholipase β3 and diacylglycerol kinase ζ in corneal epithelium in comparison with conjunctival epithelium of mice. Exp Eye Res 2022; 223:109205. [PMID: 35963308 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on the theory that the phosphoinositide (PI) signal is involved in the physiology of cornea and conjunctiva, we examined the localization in the mouse anterior ocular epithelia of immunoreactivities for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K), phospholipase C (PLC) and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), enzymes that work sequentially in PI cycle. Immunoreactivity for PIP5Kγ in the corneal epithelium, including the limbus, was distinct in adults in contrast to faint or negligible immunoreactivity in the conjunctival epithelium in neonatal mice. This adult localization pattern was first recognized at the postnatal time of eyelid opening. Immunoreactivity for PLCβ3 was rather equally distinct throughout the entire corneal and conjunctival epithelia in adults. DGKζ-immunoreactive nuclei were mainly localized in the basal half domain of the corneal epithelium but in both basal and apical domains of the conjunctival epithelium in adults. This nuclear immunoreactivity was at weak or negligible levels in the peripheral and limbus cornea and in a considerable portion of the bulbar conjunctival epithelium continuous with the limbus. The adult patterns for PLCβ3 and DGKζ were already present at birth. The present findings suggest the following possibilities on the functional significance of the three enzyme molecules. PIP5Kγ is involved in cornea-specific functions such as bright-field vision, including corneal transparency, and in the stability of epithelial junctions, for which there seems to be a much higher requirement in the corneal epithelium than in the conjunctival epithelium. PLCβ3 is involved from birth in as-yet undefined functions exerted ubiquitously from birth in both corneal and conjunctival epithelia. DGKζ is involved in regulation from birth of the transcription in epithelial cells, including apoptosis as well as regulation of mitosis of epithelial cells in both cornea and conjunctiva, with the transcription involvement more apparent in the conjunctiva, although it does not work in stem cells of the corneal limbus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawetree Pakkarato
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Department of Anatomy, Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surang Chomphoo
- Department of Anatomy, Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Pidsaya A, Kamnate A, Sirisin J, Watanabe M, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Different expression and subcellular localization of vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in ducts of major salivary glands: An in situ study in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 113:104689. [PMID: 32135333 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of GABA (□-amino butyric acid)-signaling in the salivary glands by localization of vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, a key molecule in GABA-synthesis. DESIGN Parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands of mice at various postnatal stages were examined in immuno-light and electron microscopy as well as immuno-blotting. RESULTS Expression for vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter was detected in parotid and sublingual glands of both sexes and female submandibular gland throughout postnatal development, while it was negligible in male submandibular glands at and after puberty. The expression in female submandibular glands attenuated after testosterone injection. The immunoreactivity was localized in striated ductal cells, but not acinar cells, in the salivary glands, and it occurred in association with intracellular and plasma membranes of the cells. It also occurred in myoepithelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS GABA-signaling was suggested to be a significant signaling pathway in salivary ductal cells, which was suppressed in male submandibular glands at and after puberty. The suppression in the submandibular duct was by testosterone. In addition, the participation of vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABA signaling through plasma membranes of the ductal cells was suggested. The significance of occurrence of the immunoreactivity in myoepithelial and smooth muscle cells remains to be further elucidated in terms of implication in GABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atthapon Pidsaya
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anussara Kamnate
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Sirisin
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Rawangwong A, Watanabe M, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Expression and localization of endogenous phospholipase Cβ3 confined to basal cells in situ of immature ducts and adult excretory ducts of submandibular gland of mice. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151497. [PMID: 31898936 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that, different from the parotid and sublingual glands, the submandibular glands of adult mice did not show an immunoblot band for PLCβ3 which is critical in the secretion mechanism by muscarinic cholinergic signaling. Therefore, the submandibular glands of mice at various stages of postnatal development were examined for this enzyme molecule in immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. In immunoblot, a weak band for PLCβ3-expression was detected only at early postnatal stages. In immunohistochemistry, PLCβ3-immunoreactivity was distinctly found in most basally located cells of immature ducts, while the immunoreactivity was weakly seen in terminal tubule cells without significant immunoreactivity in adjacent acinar cells. In contrast, the immunoreactivity was distinctly found in some basal cells of adult excretory ducts, and it was ultrastructurally localized densely in close association with bundles of tonofilaments in the cells. The present finding suggests the possibility that Ca2+ signaling governed by phospholipase Cβ3 is involved in the differentiation of ductal basal cells into apical cells through control of keratin molecule(s) in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsara Rawangwong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla, University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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