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Khan AA, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Myeloperoxidase as an Active Disease Biomarker: Recent Biochemical and Pathological Perspectives. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020033. [PMID: 29669993 PMCID: PMC6024665 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) belongs to the family of heme-containing peroxidases, produced mostly from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The active enzyme (150 kDa) is the product of the MPO gene located on long arm of chromosome 17. The primary gene product undergoes several modifications, such as the removal of introns and signal peptides, and leads to the formation of enzymatically inactive glycosylated apoproMPO which complexes with chaperons, producing inactive proMPO by the insertion of a heme moiety. The active enzyme is a homodimer of heavy and light chain protomers. This enzyme is released into the extracellular fluid after oxidative stress and different inflammatory responses. Myeloperoxidase is the only type of peroxidase that uses H₂O₂ to oxidize several halides and pseudohalides to form different hypohalous acids. So, the antibacterial activities of MPO involve the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Controlled MPO release at the site of infection is of prime importance for its efficient activities. Any uncontrolled degranulation exaggerates the inflammation and can also lead to tissue damage even in absence of inflammation. Several types of tissue injuries and the pathogenesis of several other major chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and cancer have been reported to be linked with MPO-derived oxidants. Thus, the enhanced level of MPO activity is one of the best diagnostic tools of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among these commonly-occurring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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de Aquino PF, Carvalho PC, Nogueira FCS, da Fonseca CO, de Souza Silva JCT, Carvalho MDGDC, Domont GB, Zanchin NIT, Fischer JDSDG. A Time-Based and Intratumoral Proteomic Assessment of a Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Oncol 2016; 6:183. [PMID: 27597932 PMCID: PMC4992702 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors consist of cells in different stages of transformation with molecular and cellular heterogeneity. By far, heterogeneity is the hallmark of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant and aggressive type of glioma. Most proteomic studies aim in comparing tumors from different patients, but here we dive into exploring the intratumoral proteome diversity of a single GBM. For this, we profiled tumor fragments from the profound region of the same patient’s GBM but obtained from two surgeries a year’s time apart. Our analysis also included GBM‘s fragments from different anatomical regions. Our quantitative proteomic strategy employed 4-plex iTRAQ peptide labeling followed by a four-step strong cation chromatographic separation; each fraction was then analyzed by reversed-phase nano-chromatography coupled on-line with an Orbitrap-Velos mass spectrometer. Unsupervised clustering grouped the proteomic profiles into four major distinct groups and showed that most changes were related to the tumor’s anatomical region. Nevertheless, we report differentially abundant proteins from GBM’s fragments of the same region but obtained 1 year apart. We discuss several key proteins (e.g., S100A9) and enriched pathways linked with GBM such as the Ras pathway, RHO GTPases activate PKNs, and those related to apoptosis, to name a few. As far as we know, this is the only report that compares GBM fragments proteomic profiles from the same patient. Ultimately, our results fuel the forefront of scientific discussion on the importance in exploring the richness of subproteomes within a single tissue sample for a better understanding of the disease, as each tumor is unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila F de Aquino
- Laboratory of Microbial Diversity from Amazon with Importance for Health, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz , Manaus, Amazonas , Brazil
| | - Paulo Costa Carvalho
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxinology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Laboratory for Protein Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Clovis Orlando da Fonseca
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Fluminense Federal University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | - Maria da Gloria da Costa Carvalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Laboratory for Protein Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Nilson I T Zanchin
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz , Curitiba, Paraná , Brazil
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Gontijo SML, Guimarães PPG, Viana CTR, Denadai ÂML, Gomes ADM, Campos PP, Andrade SP, Sinisterra RD, Cortés ME. Erlotinib/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: characterization and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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