10
|
Binder RK, Stortecky S, Heg D, Tueller D, Jeger R, Toggweiler S, Pedrazzini G, Amann FW, Ferrari E, Noble S, Nietlispach F, Maisano F, Räber L, Roffi M, Grünenfelder J, Jüni P, Huber C, Windecker S, Wenaweser P. Procedural Results and Clinical Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Switzerland: An Observational Cohort Study of Sapien 3 Versus Sapien XT Transcatheter Heart Valves. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 8:CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.002653. [PMID: 26453687 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.115.002653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New generation transcatheter heart valves (THV) may improve clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS In a nationwide, prospective, multicenter cohort study (Swiss Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Registry, NCT01368250), outcomes of consecutive transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients treated with the Sapien 3 THV (S3) versus the Sapien XT THV (XT) were investigated. An overall of 153 consecutive S3 patients were compared with 445 consecutive XT patients. Postprocedural mean transprosthetic gradient (6.5±3.0 versus 7.8±6.3 mm Hg, P=0.17) did not differ between S3 and XT patients, respectively. The rate of more than mild paravalvular regurgitation (1.3% versus 5.3%, P=0.04) and of vascular (5.3% versus 16.9%, P<0.01) complications were significantly lower in S3 patients. A higher rate of new permanent pacemaker implantations was observed in patients receiving the S3 valve (17.0% versus 11.0%, P=0.01). There were no significant differences for disabling stroke (S3 1.3% versus XT 3.1%, P=0.29) and all-cause mortality (S3 3.3% versus XT 4.5%, P=0.27). CONCLUSIONS The use of the new generation S3 balloon-expandable THV reduced the risk of more than mild paravalvular regurgitation and vascular complications but was associated with an increased permanent pacemaker rate compared with the XT. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the newest generation balloon-expandable THV is associated with a low risk of stroke and favorable clinical outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01368250.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald K Binder
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Stefan Stortecky
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Dik Heg
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - David Tueller
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Raban Jeger
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Stefan Toggweiler
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Giovanni Pedrazzini
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Franz W Amann
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Enrico Ferrari
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Stephane Noble
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Fabian Nietlispach
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Francesco Maisano
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Lorenz Räber
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Marco Roffi
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Jürg Grünenfelder
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Peter Jüni
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Christoph Huber
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Stephan Windecker
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.)
| | - Peter Wenaweser
- From the Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Centre Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (R.K.B., F.N., F.M.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.S., L.R., C.H., S.W., P.W.); Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (D.H., P.J.); Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (D.T.); Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (R.J.); Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland (S.T.); Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland (G.P.); Department of Cardiology, Klinik im Park, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.W.A.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (S.N., M.R.); and Heart Clinic Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (J.G.).
| |
Collapse
|