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Suk-Ouichai C, Coghill AE, Schabath MB, Sanchez JA, Chahoud J, Necchi A, Giuliano AR, Spiess PE. A clinical overview of people living with HIV and genitourinary cancer care. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:373-383. [PMID: 38238527 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The number of people living with HIV infection has been increasing globally. Administration of antiretroviral therapy is effective in controlling the infection for most patients and, as a consequence, people living with HIV (PLWH) now often have a long life expectancy. However, their risk of developing cancer - most notably virus-related cancers - has been increasing. To date, few studies have assessed the risk of genitourinary cancers in PLWH, and robust scientific data on their treatment-related outcomes are lacking. Previous studies have noted that PLWH are at a reduced risk of prostate cancer; however, low adoption and/or availability of prostate cancer screening among these patients might be confounding the validity of this finding. In genitourinary cancers, advanced stage at diagnosis and reduced cancer-specific mortality have been reported in PLWH. These data likely reflect, at least in part, the inequity of health care access for PLWH. Notably, systemic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy could decrease total CD4+ cell counts, which could, therefore, increase the risk of morbidity and mortality from cancer treatments in PLWH. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the therapeutic backbone for many advanced malignancies in the general population; however, most studies validating their efficacy have excluded PLWH owing to concerns of severe adverse effects from immune checkpoint inhibitors themselves and/or related to their immunosuppressed status. To our knowledge, no genitourinary cancer survivorship programme exists that specifically caters to the needs of PLWH. By including PLWH in ongoing cancer trials, we can gain invaluable insights that will help to improve cancer care specifically for PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalairat Suk-Ouichai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anna E Coghill
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Julian A Sanchez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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Hu Y, Hu E, Su X, Chen X, Tao X, Ren X. Molecular mechanism of microRNA-26a regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog gene in condyloma acuminatum and penile squamous cell carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211014379. [PMID: 34232796 PMCID: PMC8267046 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211014379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression levels and mechanisms of microRNA (miRNA) 26a (miR-26a) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced condyloma acuminatum (CA) and penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). METHODS Thirty-one patients with HPV-positive CA and 28 with HPV-positive PSCC were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. PTEN mRNA and miR-26a levels in lesion tissues, blood, and urine were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and PTEN protein was detected by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The interaction between miR-26a and PTEN was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS PTEN mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower and miR-26a levels were significantly higher in all samples from patients with PSCC compared with the CA group. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay confirmed PTEN as a target gene of miR-26a. Up-regulation of miR-26a significantly increased the proliferation of Penl1 PSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS PTEN expression is down-regulated and miR-26a levels are up-regulated in PSCC compared with CA. PTEN is a direct target gene of miR-26a. These results suggest that miR-26a might regulate HPV-positive progression from CA to PSCC through modulating PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enping Hu
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangchuan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiulin Tao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Pinho JD, Barros Silva GE, Teixeira Júnior AAL, Belfort MRDC, Mendes JMM, Calixto JDRR, Nogueira LR, Burbano RR, Khayat AS. Downregulation of miR-145 is associated with perineural invasion in penile carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2019-2026. [PMID: 34159082 PMCID: PMC8185688 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a risk factor for penile cancer (PC). The miR-145 expression has been correlated to this virus genomic amplification. In this context, this work aims to determine the expression level of miR-145 in penile tumors infected by high-risk HPV and correlate it with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor and protein expression of p53. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded from 52 patients with PC, at diagnosis and prior to any cancer treatment, were obtained. HPV identification was performed by nested type PCR, and miR-145 expression was obtained by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and Ki-67 was performed. Results Tumoral miR-145 expression was significantly lower compared to adjacent tissue. Additionally, there was a significant reduction of miR-145 expression in invasion perineural, histological associated HPV, and absence of p53 expression in positive HPV cases. HPV infection was detected in 86.5%, the most frequent HPV16. Reduced disease-free survival was observed in patients with low expression of miR-145. Conclusions Our data suggest that the underexpression of miR-145 may be triggered by HPV action, decreasing protein expression of p53, and being correlated with perineural invasion. Therefore, the deregulation of miR-145 provides clues as to the potential role in penile carcinogenesis and is also a potential candidate for validation in noninvasive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Diniz Pinho
- University State of Maranhão, Zé Doca, MA, Brazil.,Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Augusto Lima Teixeira Júnior
- Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil.,Departamento of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Regina de Castro Belfort
- Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo Macedo Mendes
- Laboratory of Imunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Salim Khayat
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Coelho RWP, Pinho JD, Moreno JS, Garbis DVEO, do Nascimento AMT, Larges JS, Calixto JRR, Ramalho LNZ, da Silva AAM, Nogueira LR, de Moura Feitoza L, Silva GEB. Penile cancer in Maranhão, Northeast Brazil: the highest incidence globally? BMC Urol 2018; 18:50. [PMID: 29843769 PMCID: PMC5975591 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to determine the minimum incidence of penile cancer in the poorest Brazilian state, and to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with the disease. METHODS A retrospective study of 392 patients diagnosed with penile cancer in the three most important referral center in the state was conducted during 2004-2014. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence was 6.15 per 100,000 and the crude annual incidence was 1.18 per 100,000. More than half (61.1%) of the tumors were histological grades 2 and 3, and 66.4% of tumors were classified as at least stage T2. The average age of patients was 58.6 ± 15.7 years (range, 18 to 103 years), with 20.8% of patients ≤40 years of age at diagnosis. The vast majority underwent penectomy (93%). Only 41.8% underwent lymphadenectomy, 58 patients (14.8%) received chemotherapy, and 54 patients (13.8%) received radiotherapy. Stage 3/4 and vascular invasion were statically significant at disease-free survival analysis. CONCLUSION The state of Maranhão has the highest incidence of penile cancer in Brazil and globally. Tumors are locally advanced and at the time of diagnosis, and there is a high frequency among young individuals. Patients have a low socioeconomic status, making it difficult to complete treatment and receive appropriate follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaqueline Diniz Pinho
- Federal University of Pará, Brazil, Gov. José Malcher Avenue, Belém, 66055-260, Brazil
| | - Janise Silva Moreno
- Aldenora Bello Cancer Hospital, Seroa da Mota Street, Apeadouro, São Luís, 65031-630, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joyce Santos Larges
- University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão, Barão de Itapari Street, Centro, São Luís, Brazil
| | - José Ribamar Rodrigues Calixto
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil, dos Portugueses Avenue, Bacanga, São Luís, 65080-805, Brazil
- University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão, Barão de Itapari Street, Centro, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Radiology and Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
- Public Heath Departament, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil, dos Portugueses Avenue, Bacanga, São Luís, 65080-805, Brazil
| | | | - Laisson de Moura Feitoza
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil, dos Portugueses Avenue, Bacanga, São Luís, 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão, Barão de Itapari Street, Centro, São Luís, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology and Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14048-900, Brazil.
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Destructive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Am J Med Sci 2014; 349:545. [PMID: 24762756 PMCID: PMC4450967 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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