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Astudillo-Reyes K, Sánchez AI, Luna-Adame M, Martínez MP, Muñoz-López L. Causal attributions of impulsive and compulsive behaviors. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1446972. [PMID: 39091452 PMCID: PMC11291332 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1446972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aggression, and therefore gender-based violence, can be an impulsive or compulsive behavior, depending on the consumption of alcohol and/or drugs. In Europe, the prevalence of gender-based violence is 16 to 23%. This prevalence shows that there is a need to make further progress in the treatment of aggression against women. Qualitative techniques allow us to understand perceptions and attributions holistically by analyzing what people who commit the crime say, why they say it and how they say it. Aim To explore the experience of physical and verbal aggression by a partner, dependent on the presence or absence of alcohol and drug use, in the prison population. Method A mixed methodology was used (combining qualitative and quantitative techniques). The sample was made up of 140 men divided into two focus groups [with alcohol and/or drug consumption (SAD) and without alcohol and/or drug consumption (NSAD)] who completed the Demographic, Criminal and Behavioral Interview in Penitentiary Institutions; the Gender Violence Questionnaire (both developed for this study) and the MultiCAGE CAD-4 Questionnaire. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis and quantitative data were obtained using contingency tables. Results It was found that the SAD group attributed the crime committed to alcohol and/or drug consumption, while the NSAD group attributed it to jealousy and to their partner. The SAD group revealed that the consequence of the physical aggressions was to get what they were looking for from their partner and the consequences of the verbal aggressions was regret, unlike the NSAD group that did not get anything from the aggressions. The SAD group recognized that to avoid future aggressions they would have to avoid alcohol and/or drug use, while the NSAD group mentioned that they would have to avoid contact with their partner. Discussion The need to include perceptions and attributions as well as the use of alcohol and/or drugs is emphasized when assessing individuals who commit the crime of gender-based violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana I. Sánchez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Mange J, Mauny N, Montcharmont C, Legrand E, Lemercier-Dugarin M, Mortier A, Duvivier M, Leveneur J, Lacherez C, Cabé N, Le Berre AP. A prevention program for binge drinking among students based on mindfulness and implementation intention (ALCOMEDIIT): a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:1. [PMID: 38169391 PMCID: PMC10759352 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of new problematic alcohol consumption practices among young people requires new dynamics in prevention strategies. In this context, the ADUC project (Alcohol and Drugs at the University of Caen) aims to develop a better understanding of alcohol consumption, and in particular the practice of binge drinking (BD) in students, in order to develop relevant and adapted prevention tools. The ALCOMEDIIT study (Rin Normandie and IRESP funding; Agreement 20II31-00 - ADUC part 3) is a randomized controlled trial that focuses on the specific determinant of impulsivity. The main objective of this experiment is to assess a program for the prevention of BD practices based on motivational interviewing (MI) associated with implementation intention (II) and mindfulness meditation (MBM) in a student environment. METHODS This study will include 170 healthy subjects who will be students at the university, alcohol users, with a BD score > 1 in the month preceding the inclusion but not presenting any specific disorder. The trial will be proposed by e-mail and students who meet the inclusion criteria will join either a control group which will benefit from a MI or an experimental group which will additionally benefit from an initiation to MBM with II (initial visit T0). In order to measure the effectiveness of the prevention program in terms of BD decrease, a follow-up at 1 month (T1) as well as a follow-up at 6 months (T6; exploratory) will be proposed to all participants. The total duration of this research protocol is 21 months. DISCUSSION The purpose of this study is to evaluate the interest of associating mindfulness meditation practices and implementation of self-regulation strategies to optimize their use, with a motivational interview in an innovative prevention program aiming at reducing alcohol use and BD practice in the student population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05565989, September 30, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05565989 Protocol version 2.0 (September 2022) No. ID-RCB 2022-A00983-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mange
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN, UR 7452), University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, cedex 5, France.
| | - Nicolas Mauny
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN, UR 7452), University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, cedex 5, France
| | - Charlotte Montcharmont
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN, UR 7452), University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, cedex 5, France
| | - Eve Legrand
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS), University Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Maud Lemercier-Dugarin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN, UR 7452), University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, cedex 5, France
| | - Arnaud Mortier
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN, UR 7452), University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, cedex 5, France
- University of Caen Normandy, CNRS, LMNO UMR 6139, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Martin Duvivier
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN, UR 7452), University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, cedex 5, France
| | - Johnny Leveneur
- Information System and Communication Department, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Cédric Lacherez
- Information System and Communication Department, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Cabé
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, NSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Le Berre
- Department of Addictology, Public Institution of Mental Health (EPSM) of Finistère Sud, Quimper, France
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Caron C, Dondaine T, Bastien A, Chérot N, Deheul S, Gautier S, Cottencin O, Moreau-Crépeaux S, Bordet R, Carton L. Could psychostimulant drug use among university students be related to ADHD symptoms? A preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115630. [PMID: 38043409 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore if psychostimulant use among student could be linked to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms using a self-administered questionnaire sent by email to French students in 2021. Participants were asked about their psychostimulant use and the presence of ADHD symptoms using the Wender Utah Rating Scale and the Adult Self-Report Scale. Among the 4431 respondents, the prevalence of psychostimulant use was concerning and significantly associated with ADHD symptoms. This association could be related to undiagnosed ADHD or to psychobehavioral impairments induced by psychostimulant use underlining the need of ADHD screening and targeted prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Caron
- Pharmacology Department, Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Department, CHU Lille, Addictovigilance Center, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Thibaut Dondaine
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Pharmacology Department, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Axel Bastien
- Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Department, CHU Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Nathalie Chérot
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Sylvie Deheul
- Pharmacology Department, CHU Lille, Addictovigilance Center, France
| | - Sophie Gautier
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Pharmacology Department, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Olivier Cottencin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Plasticity & SubjectivitY (PSY) team, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre (LiNC), CHU Lille, INSERM U-1172, France
| | | | - Régis Bordet
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Pharmacology Department, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Louise Carton
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Pharmacology Department, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, Lille F-59000, France.
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Ritz L, Mauny N, Leconte P, Margas N. French validation of the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) in a university student sample. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:95. [PMID: 37947957 PMCID: PMC10638208 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Food and Alcohol Disturbance (FAD) is characterized by the combination of problematic alcohol use and eating disorder symptoms to offset caloric intake associated with alcohol drinking and/or to enhance intoxication. The Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) is a proven tool for measuring FAD, validated in English and Italian populations but never in the French population. The present study aims at validating a French version of the CEBRACS in a representative sample of university students and to determine its validity and reliability. METHODS 2267 university students completed the CEBRACS and measures of eating disorders, alcohol consumption and exercise. RESULTS An exploratory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor structure: enhancement of the effects of alcohol, dietary restraint and exercise, purging and vomiting and extreme fasting. The internal consistency for these subscales ranged from good to excellent. Correlations between the CEBRACS and eating disorders, alcohol and exercise measures revealed a good concurrent validity. No gender differences were found in the CEBRACS scores. Participants with a CEBRACS total score > 21 points were at higher risk for developing eating disorders and alcohol-related problems. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the reliability and validity of the French version of the CEBRACS. The distinct factors identified in the CEBRACS allow to distinguish between participants with different motives for engaging FAD behaviour and thus to prevent future development of eating and/or alcohol use disorders. The CEBRACS seems to be a relevant scale to capture FAD behaviors and thus to prevent negative and deleterious consequences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Ritz
- UNICAEN, Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN, UR 7452), Pôle Santé, Maladies, Handicaps-MRSH (USR 3486, CNRS-UNICAEN), Normandie Univ, 14000, Caen, France.
- UFR de Psychologie, Bâtiment L, Esplanade de La Paix, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
| | - Nicolas Mauny
- UNICAEN, Laboratoire de Psychologie Caen Normandie (LPCN, UR 7452), Pôle Santé, Maladies, Handicaps-MRSH (USR 3486, CNRS-UNICAEN), Normandie Univ, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Pascale Leconte
- UMR-S 1075 Inserm/Unicaen COMETE-Mobilités: Vieillissement, Pathologies, Santé, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Margas
- Institut Des Sciences du Sport, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Chan ASW, Wu D, Lo IPY, Ho JMC, Yan E. Diversity and Inclusion: Impacts on Psychological Wellbeing Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Communities. Front Psychol 2022; 13:726343. [PMID: 35572280 PMCID: PMC9105225 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.726343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For scholars, practitioners, and legislators concerned about sexual minority adolescents, one of the main goals is to create more positive and inclusive learning environments for this minority group. Numerous factors, such as repeated patterns of homophobic bullying by classmates and others in school, have been a significant barrier to achieving this goal. In addition, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) adolescents encounter substantial inequality across a broad spectrum of wellbeing and education consequences. Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, LGBTQ adolescents experience more anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, antisocial behavior, poorer academic performance, less school attachment and protection, and a weaker desire to finish their studies. Such discrepancies based on gender and sexuality were linked to more maltreatment encountered by LGBTQ adolescents. It is crucial to recognize the backgrounds and expectations of LGBTQ adolescents to offer them the best resources. To overcome the inequality and obstacles faced by these LGBTQ adolescents, it is essential to examine tools and techniques that can be utilized. This study examined the literature that explains why society fails to provide enough support to LGBTQ students. Specifically, mechanisms explaining how LGBTQ adolescents interact with others in the learning environment and how such discrepancies arise will be examined. Following that, violence and prejudice, which are fundamental causes of psychological problems among LGBTQ adolescents, will be explored. This review paper thus provides supportive strategies for schools to develop more inclusive learning environments for LGBTQ adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Siu Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris Po Yee Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacqueline Mei Chi Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elsie Yan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tobacco Smoking, Cannabis Use, and Binge Drinking Among University Students in France. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Guo J, Huang X, Zheng A, Chen W, Lei Z, Tang C, Chen H, Ma H, Li X. The Influence of Self-Esteem and Psychological Flexibility on Medical College Students' Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:836956. [PMID: 35651820 PMCID: PMC9148951 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.836956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems has become a major public health issue among medical students. Self-esteem and psychological flexibility were important associated factors for mental health, but their relations have not been discussed in medical students. The present study aimed to assess the status of mental health problems among medical students and identified whether psychological flexibility had a mediating role in the effects of self-esteem on the top three most common psychological symptoms. METHODS A total of 810 undergraduate students from 18 classes comprised in the sample. Nine dimensions of psychological symptoms was assessed by the Symptom Checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R). Self-esteem was measured by the Self-esteem Scale (SES) and psychological flexibility was evaluated by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2nd Edition (AAQ-II) and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-F). Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the relationship among the top three common psychological symptoms, self-esteem, psychological flexibility, and participants' characteristics. The mediating effect of psychological flexibility between self-esteem and psychological symptoms was detected by bootstrap method. RESULTS 57.8% of the medical undergraduate students reported positive at least one of the nine psychological symptom dimensions assessed by the SCL-90-R and 13.8% of students had moderate or more severe symptoms. The symptoms of obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression were the three most common psychological symptoms among the medical students. Meanwhile, self-esteem and psychological flexibility were negatively associated to the symptoms of obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression. And, almost 50% effects of self-esteem on these three symptoms in medical students exert indirect effects through psychological flexibility. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress was quite common in the Chinese medical students. The three most common psychological symptoms were successively obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression. Low self-esteem and psychological inflexibility might be the risk factors for these top three symptoms, and psychological flexibility might play a mediating role in the effects of self-esteem on these psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Anhai Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongli Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenglu Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mange J, Mauduy M, Sénémeaud C, Bagneux V, Cabé N, Jacquet D, Leconte P, Margas N, Mauny N, Ritz L, Gierski F, Beaunieux H. What really matters in binge drinking: A dominance analysis of binge drinking psychological determinants among University students. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 13:100346. [PMID: 33997251 PMCID: PMC8090991 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Binge drinking (BD) is a public health concern, especially in young people. Multiple individual factors referring to different level of analyses - positional, inter-individual and intra-individual - are associated to BD. As they have mainly been explored separately, little is known about the psychological variables most associated with BD. This study, based on an integrative model considering a large number of variables, aims to estimate these associations and possible dominance of some variables in BD. Methods A sample of university students (N = 2851) participated in an internet survey-based study. They provided information on alcohol related variables (AUDIT, BD score), positional factors (sex, age), inter-individual factors (subjective norm, social identity, external motivations), and intra-individual factors (internal motivations, meta-cognitions, impulsivity and personality traits). The data were processed via a backward regression analysis including all variables and completed with a dominance analysis on variables that are significantly associated with BD intensity. Results The strongest variables associated with BD intensity were enhancement motives and drinking identity (average ΔR 2 = 21.81%), followed by alcohol subjective norm and social motives (average ΔR 2 = 13.99%). Other associated variables (average ΔR 2 = 2,84%) were negative metacognition on uncontrollability, sex, coping motives, lack of premeditation, positive metacognition on cognitive self-regulation, positive urgency, lack of perseverance, age, conformity motives and loneliness. Conclusion Results offer new avenues at the empirical level, by spotting particularly inter-individual psychological variables that should be more thoroughly explored, but also at the clinical level, to elaborate new prevention strategies focusing on these specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Cabé
- Service d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université de Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Margas
- Sport Sciences Institute, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Fabien Gierski
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne Univ, URCA, C2S (EA6291), 51571 Reims, France.,Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, GRAP, INSERM U1247, 80025 Amiens, France
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