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Arrington-Sanders R, Galai N, Falade-Nwulia O, Hammond C, Wirtz A, Beyrer C, Arteaga A, Celentano D. Patterns of Polysubstance Use in Young Black and Latinx Sexual Minority Men and Transgender Women and Its Association with Sexual Partnership Factors: The PUSH Study. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:317-328. [PMID: 38146133 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2267655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Adult studies have demonstrated that polysubstance use increases HIV acquisition risk through increased sexual behaviors, however, few studies have examined polysubstance in young Black and Latinx sexual minority men (SMM) and transgender women (TW). Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 466 young Black and Latinx SMM and TW living in four high HIV-burden US cities enrolled in the PUSH Study, a status-neutral randomized control trial to increase HIV prevention and treatment adherence. We examined data for patterns of polysubstance use comparing age differences of use and explored associations between substance use and sexual partnership factors - inconsistent condom use, pressure to have condomless anal sex, and older partner, using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Most participants described prior substance use with alcohol and cannabis being most common (76% each) and 23% described other illicit drug use, including stimulants, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, opioids, and inhalants. Polysubstance use was common with nearly half (47%) of participants reporting alcohol and cannabis use, 20% reporting alcohol, cannabis, and one other illicit drug use, and 19% reporting alcohol or cannabis use plus one other illicit drug use. Polysubstance use was associated with greater adjusted odds of pressure to have condomless anal sex, older partner (>5 years older), and inconsistent condom use. Conclusions: Associations of polysubstance use with sexual practices and sexual partnerships that are known predictors of HIV acquisition or transmission among Black and Latinx SMM and TW underscore the need for combination interventions that include substance use treatment alongside antiretroviral-based and partner-based HIV prevention and treatment interventions.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03194477.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Arrington-Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Noya Galai
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Haifa, Mt Carmel, Israel
| | - Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Hammond
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Wirtz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aubrey Arteaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Celentano
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Smith DC, Reinhart CA, Begum S, Kosgolla J, Kelly JF, Bergman BB, Basic M. Coming of age in recovery: The prevalence and correlates of substance use recovery status among adolescents and emerging adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295330. [PMID: 38113212 PMCID: PMC10729970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To date, no epidemiological survey has estimated the prevalence of adolescents identifying as being in recovery. This is necessary for planning and identifying the needs of youth with current and remitted substance use disorders. This study estimated the prevalence of recovery status in a large statewide epidemiological survey administered between January and March 2020. PARTICIPANTS Participants were high school students in 9th through 12th grades throughout Illinois. MEASUREMENTS Youth were asked if they were in recovery and if they had resolved problems with substances. Youth who reported recovery and problem resolving dual status (DS), recovery only (RO), and problem resolution only (PRO) were compared to propensity score matched control groups who reported neither status (neither/nor; NN). Outcomes included alcohol use, binge alcohol use, cannabis use, and prescription drug use in the past 30 days. FINDINGS Prevalence estimates were 884 (1.4%) for DS, 1546 (2.5%) for PRO, and 1,811 (2.9%) for RO. Relative to propensity matched control samples, all three groups had significantly lower odds of prescription drug use. The PRO group had lower odds of past month cannabis use. There were no significant differences for either alcohol outcome. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence estimates of youth in recovery are slightly lower than those of adults in recovery, and estimates should be replicated. Youth in recovery and those resolving problems have numerous behavioral health needs, and relative to matched controls, have even odds for past 30-day alcohol use. These findings compel us to further define recovery for adolescents and emerging adults to allow for improving treatments and epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C. Smith
- Center for Prevention Research and Development (CPRD), School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Crystal A. Reinhart
- Center for Prevention Research and Development (CPRD), School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shahana Begum
- Center for Prevention Research and Development (CPRD), School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Janaka Kosgolla
- Center for Prevention Research and Development (CPRD), School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John F. Kelly
- Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brandon B. Bergman
- Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marni Basic
- Center for Prevention Research and Development (CPRD), School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Kosgolla JV, Smith DC, Begum S, Reinhart CA. Assessing the self-reported honesty threshold in adolescent epidemiological research: comparing supervised machine learning and inferential statistical techniques. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:210. [PMID: 37735353 PMCID: PMC10512612 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys offer essential data on adolescent substance use. Nevertheless, the precision of these self-report-based surveys often faces mistrust from researchers and the public. We evaluate the efficacy of a direct method to assess data quality by asking adolescents if they were honest. The main goal of our study was to assess the accuracy of a self-report honesty item and designate an optimal threshold for it, allowing us to better account for its impact on point estimates. METHODS The participants were from the 2020 Illinois Youth Survey, a self-report school-based survey. We divided the primary dataset into subsets based on responses to an honesty item. Then, for each dataset, we examined two distinct data analysis methodologies: supervised machine learning, using the random forest algorithm, and a conventional inferential statistical method, logistic regression. We evaluated item thresholds from both analyses, investigating probable relationships with reported fake drug use, social desirability biases, and missingness in the datasets. RESULTS The study results corroborate the appropriateness and reliability of the honesty item and its corresponding threshold. These contain the agreeing honesty thresholds determined in both data analyses, the identified association between reported fake drug use and lower honesty scores, increased missingness and lower honesty, and the determined link between the social desirability bias and honesty threshold. CONCLUSIONS Confirming the honesty threshold via missing data analysis also strengthens these collective findings, emphasizing our methodology's and findings' robustness. Researchers are encouraged to use self-report honesty items in epidemiological research. This will permit the modeling of accurate point estimates by addressing questionable reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaka V Kosgolla
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W. Nevada St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Douglas C Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W. Nevada St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shahana Begum
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W. Nevada St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Crystal A Reinhart
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W. Nevada St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Perceptions from School Personnel on the Impact of Disordered Parental Substance Use Among Adolescents. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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