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Chen YJ, He YH, Lo YH, Yang HS, Abomughaid MM, Kumar KJS, Lin WT. Potato protein hydrolysate inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast development by inhibiting osteoclastogenic genes via the NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3991-4003. [PMID: 38606910 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, there has been growing attention towards exploring the nutritional and functional aspects of potato protein, along with its diverse applications. In the present study, we examined the anti-osteoclast properties of potato protein hydrolysate (PP902) in vitro. Murine macrophages (RAW264.7) were differentiated into osteoclasts by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and PP902 was examined for its inhibitory effect. Initially, treatment with PP902 was found to significantly prevent RANKL-induced morphological changes in macrophage cells, as determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining analysis. This notion was further supported by F-actin analysis using a confocal microscope. Furthermore, PP902 treatment effectively and dose-dependently down-regulated the expression of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenic marker genes, including TRAP, CTR, RANK, NFATc1, OC-STAMP, and c-Fos. These inhibitory effects were associated with suppressing NF-κB transcriptional activation and subsequent reduced nuclear translocation. The decrease in NF-κB activity resulted from reduced activation of its upstream kinases, including I-κBα and IKKα. Moreover, PP902 significantly inhibited RANKL-induced p38MAPK and ERK1/2 activities. Nevertheless, PP902 treatment prevents RANKL-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation via increased HO-1 activity. The combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of PP902 resulted in significant suppression of osteoclastogenesis, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for osteoclast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua He
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Lo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Siang Yang
- Department of Hospitality Management, College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - K J Senthil Kumar
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Center for General Education, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Teng Lin
- Department of Hospitality Management, College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research and Development Division, Utopia Holiday Hotel Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
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Xie XD, Dong SS, Liu RJ, Shi LL, Zhu T. Mechanism of Efferocytosis in Determining Ischaemic Stroke Resolution-Diving into Microglia/Macrophage Functions and Therapeutic Modality. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04060-4. [PMID: 38409642 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
After ischaemic cerebral vascular injury, efferocytosis-a process known as the efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) by various phagocytes in both physiological and pathological states-is crucial for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and regaining prognosis. The mechanisms of efferocytosis in ischaemic stroke and its influence on preventing inflammation progression from secondary injury were still not fully understood, despite the fact that the fundamental process of efferocytosis has been described in a series of phases, including AC recognition, phagocyte engulfment, and subsequent degradation. The genetic reprogramming of macrophages and brain-resident microglia after an ischaemic stroke has been equated by some researchers to that of the peripheral blood and brain. Based on previous studies, some molecules, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), CD300A, and sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1), were discovered to be largely associated with aspects of apoptotic cell elimination and accompanying neuroinflammation, such as inflammatory cytokine release, phenotype transformation, and suppressing of antigen presentation. Exacerbated stroke outcomes are brought on by defective efferocytosis and improper modulation of pertinent signalling pathways in blood-borne macrophages and brain microglia, which also results in subsequent tissue inflammatory damage. This review focuses on recent researches which contain a number of recently discovered mechanisms, such as studies on the relationship between benign efferocytosis and the regulation of inflammation in ischaemic stroke, the roles of some risk factors in disease progression, and current immune approaches that aim to promote efferocytosis to treat some autoimmune diseases. Understanding these pathways provides insight into novel pathophysiological processes and fresh characteristics, which can be used to build cerebral ischaemia targeting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ru-Juan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liu-Liu Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China.
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Martinsen E, Jinnurine T, Subramani S, Rogne M. Advances in RNA therapeutics for modulation of 'undruggable' targets. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 204:249-294. [PMID: 38458740 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, drug discovery utilizing small pharmacological compounds, fragment-based therapeutics, and antibody therapy have significantly advanced treatment options for many human diseases. However, a major bottleneck has been that>70% of human proteins/genomic regions are 'undruggable' by the above-mentioned approaches. Many of these proteins constitute essential drug targets against complex multifactorial diseases like cancer, immunological disorders, and neurological diseases. Therefore, alternative approaches are required to target these proteins or genomic regions in human cells. RNA therapeutics is a promising approach for many of the traditionally 'undruggable' targets by utilizing methods such as antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing, aptamers, and the development of mRNA therapeutics. In the following chapter, we will put emphasis on recent advancements utilizing these approaches against challenging drug targets, such as intranuclear proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins, untranslated genomic regions, and targets expressed in inaccessible tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saranya Subramani
- Pioneer Research AS, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Rogne
- Pioneer Research AS, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Abpeikar Z, Alizadeh AA, Rezakhani L, Ramezani V, Goodarzi A, Safaei M. Advantages of Material Biofunctionalization Using Nucleic Acid Aptamers in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1935-1953. [PMID: 37017917 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Material engineering is a fundamental issue in the applications of materials in the medical field. One of the aspects of material engineering is incorporating recognition sites on the surface of biomaterials, which plays an essential role in increasing the efficiency of tissue engineering scaffolds in various aspects. The application of peptides and antibodies to establish the recognition and adhesion sites has limitations, such as fragility and instability under physical and chemical processes. Therefore, synthetic ligands such as nucleic acid aptamers have received much attention for easy synthesis, minimal immunogenicity, high specificity, and stability under processing. Due to the effective role of these ligands in increasing the efficiency of engineered constructs in this study, the advantages of nucleic acid aptamers in tissue engineering will be reviewed. Aptamer-functionalized biomaterials can attract endogenous stem cells to wounded areas and organize their actions to facilitate tissue regeneration. This approach harnesses the body's inherent regeneration potential to treat many diseases. Also, increased efficacy in controlled release, slow and targeted drug delivery are important issues in drug delivery for tissue engineering approaches which can be achieved by incorporating aptamers in drug delivery systems. Aptamer-functionalized scaffolds have very applications, such as diagnosis of cancer, hematological infections, narcotics, heavy metals, toxins, controlled release from the scaffolds, and in vivo cell tracing. Aptasensors, as a result of many advantages over other traditional assay methods, can replace older methods. Furthermore, their unique targeting mechanism also targets compounds with no particular receptors. Targeting cell homing, local and targeted drug delivery, cell adhesion efficacy, cytocompatibility and bioactivity of scaffolds, aptamer-based biosensor, and aptamer-functionalized scaffolds are the topics that will be examined in this review study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Ramezani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Anwar A, Sapra L, Gupta N, Ojha RP, Verma B, Srivastava RK. Fine-tuning osteoclastogenesis: An insight into the cellular and molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37183350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, are essential for the bone remodeling process and are involved in the pathophysiology of several bone-related diseases. The extensive corpus of in vitro research and crucial mouse model studies in the 1990s demonstrated the key roles of monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and integrin αvβ3 in osteoclast biology. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which these variables control osteoclast differentiation and function has significantly advanced in the first decade of this century. Recent developments have revealed a number of novel insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing the differentiation and functional activity of osteoclasts; however, these mechanisms have not yet been adequately documented. Thus, in the present review, we discuss various regulatory factors including local and hormonal factors, innate as well as adaptive immune cells, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), etc., in the molecular regulation of the intricate and tightly regulated process of osteoclastogenesis. ncRNAs have a critical role as epigenetic controllers of osteoclast physiologic activities, including differentiation and bone resorption. The primary ncRNAs, which include micro-RNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, form a complex network that affects gene transcription activities associated with osteoclast biological activity. Greater knowledge of the involvement of ncRNAs in osteoclast biological activities will contribute to the treatment and management of several skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Moreover, we further outline potential therapies targeting these regulatory pathways of osteoclastogenesis in distinct bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Anwar
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Navita Gupta
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Rudra P Ojha
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Gram Bharati University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupendra Verma
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Yoon DS, Choi Y, Lee KM, Ko EA, Kim EJ, Park KH, Lee JW. Downregulation of the RNA-binding protein PUM2 facilitates MSC-driven bone regeneration and prevents OVX-induced bone loss. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:26. [PMID: 37088847 PMCID: PMC10122812 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mRNA dysregulation can induce changes in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homeostasis, the mechanisms by which post-transcriptional regulation influences MSC differentiation potential remain understudied. PUMILIO2 (PUM2) represses translation by binding target mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner. METHODS In vitro osteogenic differentiation assays were conducted using human bone marrow-derived MSCs. Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining were used to evaluate the osteogenic potential of MSCs. A rat xenograft model featuring a calvarial defect to examine effects of MSC-driven bone regeneration. RNA-immunoprecipitation (RNA-IP) assay was used to determine the interaction between PUM2 protein and Distal-Less Homeobox 5 (DLX5) mRNA. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were employed to evaluate the effect of gene therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. RESULTS Here, we elucidated the molecular mechanism of PUM2 in MSC osteogenesis and evaluated the applicability of PUM2 knockdown (KD) as a potential cell-based or gene therapy. PUM2 level was downregulated during MSC osteogenic differentiation, and PUM2 KD enhanced MSC osteogenic potential. Following PUM2 KD, MSCs were transplanted onto calvarial defects in 12-week-old rats; after 8 weeks, transplanted MSCs promoted bone regeneration. PUM2 KD upregulated the expression of DLX5 mRNA and protein and the reporter activity of its 3'-untranslated region. RNA-IP revealed direct binding of PUM2 to DLX5 mRNA. We then evaluated the potential of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-siPum2 as a gene therapy for osteoporosis in OVX mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a novel role for PUM2 in MSC osteogenesis and highlight the potential of PUM2 KD-MSCs in bone regeneration. Additionally, we showed that AAV9-siPum2 is a potential gene therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Suk Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-Si 18274, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Yoorim Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mi Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eun Ae Ko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hwan Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Lee J, Kim D, Park S, Baek S, Jung J, Kim T, Han DK. Nitric Oxide-Releasing Bioinspired Scaffold for Exquisite Regeneration of Osteoporotic Bone via Regulation of Homeostasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205336. [PMID: 36581472 PMCID: PMC9951336 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic bone regeneration is a challenging process which involves the occurrence of sophisticated interactions. Although various polymeric scaffolds have been proposed for bone repair, research on osteoporotic bone regeneration remains practically limited. In particular, achieving satisfactory bone regeneration when using osteoporotic drugs is challenging including bisphosphonates. Here, a novel nitric oxide-releasing bioinspired scaffold with bioactive agents for the exquisite regeneration of osteoporotic bone is proposed. The bone-like biomimetic poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold is first prepared in combination with organic/inorganic ECM and magnesium hydroxide as the base implant material. Nanoparticles containing bioactive agents of zinc oxide (ZO), alendronate, and BMP2 are incorporated to the biomimetic scaffold to impart multifunctionality such as anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, anti-osteoclastogenesis, and bone regeneration. Especially, nitric oxide (NO) generated from ZO stimulates the activity of cGMP and protein kinase G; in addition, ZO downregulates the RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The new bone is formed much better in the osteoporotic rat model than in the normal model through the regulation of bone homeostasis via the scaffold. These synergistic effects suggest that such a bioinspired scaffold could be a comprehensive way to regenerate exceptionally osteoporotic bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA University335 Pangyo‐ro, Bundang‐gu, Seongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13488Republic of Korea
| | - Da‐Seul Kim
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA University335 Pangyo‐ro, Bundang‐gu, Seongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13488Republic of Korea
- School of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang University84 Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - So‐Yeon Park
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA University335 Pangyo‐ro, Bundang‐gu, Seongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13488Republic of Korea
- Division of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea UniversitySeongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Woon Baek
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA University335 Pangyo‐ro, Bundang‐gu, Seongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13488Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSKKU Institute for ConvergenceSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐gu, Suwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSKKU Institute for ConvergenceSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐gu, Suwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA University335 Pangyo‐ro, Bundang‐gu, Seongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13488Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang University84 Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐guSeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA University335 Pangyo‐ro, Bundang‐gu, Seongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13488Republic of Korea
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Li X, Ji L, Men X, Chen X, Zhi M, He S, Chen S. Pyroptosis in bone loss. Apoptosis 2023; 28:293-312. [PMID: 36645574 PMCID: PMC9842222 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis could be responsible for the bone loss from bone metabolic diseases, leading to the negative impact on people's health and life. It has been shown that osteoclasts, osteoblasts, macrophages, chondrocytes, periodontal and gingival cells may be involved in bone loss linked with pyroptosis. So far, the involved mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we introduced the related cells involved in the pyroptosis associated with bone loss and summarized the role of these cells in the bone metabolism during the process of pyroptosis. We also discuss the clinical potential of targeting mechanisms in the osteoclasts, osteoblasts, macrophages, chondrocytes, periodontal and gingival cells touched upon pyroptosis to treat bone loss from bone metabolic diseases as well as the challenges of avoiding potential side effects and producing efficient treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ling Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xinrui Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Maohui Zhi
- Functional Laboratory, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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9
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Ji L, Li X, He S, Chen S. Regulation of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by microRNA. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:287. [PMID: 35536437 PMCID: PMC11071904 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is responsible for bone metabolic diseases, negatively impacting people's health and life. It has been demonstrated that microRNA influences the differentiation of osteoclasts by regulating the signaling pathways during osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. So far, the involved mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This review introduced the pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis and summarized the related microRNAs binding to their specific targets to mediate the downstream pathways in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. We also discuss the clinical potential of targeting microRNAs to treat osteoclast-mediated bone resorption as well as the challenges of avoiding potential side effects and producing efficient delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Hu M, Lin Y, Men X, Wang S, Sun X, Zhu Q, Lu D, Liu S, Zhang B, Cai W, Lu Z. High-salt diet downregulates TREM2 expression and blunts efferocytosis of macrophages after acute ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:90. [PMID: 33845849 PMCID: PMC8040220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A high-salt diet (HSD) is one of the major risk factors for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). As a potential mechanism, surplus salt intake primes macrophages towards a proinflammatory phenotype. In this study, whether HSD could blunt the efferocytic capability of macrophages after ischemic stroke, thus exacerbating post-stroke neural inflammation, was investigated. Methods Wild-type male C57BL/6 mice were fed with fodder containing 8% sodium chloride for 4 weeks and subjected to transient middle cerebral occlusion (tMCAO). Disease severity, macrophage polarization as well as efferocytic capability were evaluated. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured in vitro, and the impact of high salinity on their efferocytic activity, as well as their expression of phagocytic molecules, were analyzed. The relationships among sodium concentration, macrophage phenotype, and disease severity in AIS patients were explored. Results HSD-fed mice displayed increased infarct volume and aggravated neurological deficiency. Mice fed with HSD suffered exacerbated neural inflammation as shown by higher inflammatory mediator expression and immune cell infiltration levels. Infiltrated macrophages within stroke lesions in HSD-fed mice exhibited a shift towards proinflammatory phenotype and impaired efferocytic capability. As assessed with a PCR array, the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a receptor relevant to phagocytosis, was downregulated in high-salt-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Enhancement of TREM2 signaling restored the efferocytic capacity and cellular inflammation resolution of macrophages in a high salinity environment in vitro and in vivo. A high concentration of urine sodium in AIS patients was found to be correlated with lower TREM2 expression and detrimental stroke outcomes. Conclusions HSD inhibited the efferocytic capacity of macrophages by downregulating TREM2 expression, thus impeding inflammation resolution after ischemic stroke. Enhancing TREM2 signaling in monocytes/macrophages could be a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance efferocytosis and promote post-stroke inflammation resolution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02144-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyao Lin
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Men
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Shisi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Danli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Clinical Immunology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Yu L, Jia D, Feng K, Sun X, Xu W, Ding L, Xin H, Qin L, Han T. A natural compound (LCA) isolated from Litsea cubeba inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing Akt and MAPK pathways in mouse bone marrow macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112873. [PMID: 32298753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. has been traditionally used as a folk prescription for treating rheumatic diseases in China. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of LCA, a new type of dibenzyl butane lignin compound extracted from L. cubeba, on macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) plus receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in mouse-derived bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). MATERIAL AND METHODS TRAP staining, TRAP enzyme activity assay and actin ring staining were applied to identify the effects of LCA on osteoclast differentiation. Protein expression of NFATc1, c-Fos and MMP-9, and phosphorylation of p65, Akt, JNK, ERK and p38 in RANKL-induced osteoclasts was determined using western blotting to investigate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS LCA significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting TRAP activity, decreasing the number of TRAP+ multinuclear osteoclasts and reducing the formation of F-actin ring without obvious cytotoxicity in BMMs. Moreover, LCA treatment strongly reduced protein expression of NFATc1, c-Fos and MMP-9, and attenuated the phosphorylation of p65, Akt, JNK, ERK and p38 in RANKL-stimulated BMMs. CONCLUSIONS LCA ameliorated RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation via inhibition of Akt and MAPK signalings in BMMs, and may serve as a potential pro-drug for bone destruction prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunmiao Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wumu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Luying Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hailiang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Han
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Li M, Hao L, Li L, Liu L, Chen G, Jiang W, Xu W, Zhu C, Yao G, Fang S. Cinnamtannin B-1 Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis via Attenuating Osteoclastogenesis and ROS Generation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1023. [PMID: 32754032 PMCID: PMC7365944 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the common bone metabolic diseases that endangers postmenopausal women and the elders. Both excessive bone resorption caused by osteoclast over-activation and increased oxidative stress are associated with osteoporosis. Cinnamtannin B-1 (CB-1) is considered as a high-valued plant extract monomer due to its antioxidant properties. However, the mechanism of CB-1 impacts on reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osteoclast differentiation and preventing ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis are still unclear. In this study, the effects of CB-1 on nuclear factor κB (RANKL)-induced osteoclasts formation and differentiation in vitro and the potential therapeutic effect on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in vivo are investigated. CB-1 was found to inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption function in a dose-dependent manner, and it inhibited specific genes related to osteoclast as well. Micro-CT and histopathological staining showed that CB-1 can effectively prevent OVX-induced osteoporosis. In addition, CB-1 treatment can effectively inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, CB-1 inhibits the activation of osteoclasts by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, CB-1 would be able to be used as a promising new drug strategy to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and prevent ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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13
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Nemutlu E, Eroğlu İ, Eroğlu H, Kır S. In Vitro Release Test of Nano-drug Delivery Systems Based on Analytical and Technological Perspectives. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180912125931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:Nanotech products are gaining more attention depending on their advantages for improving drug solubility, maintenance of drug targeting, and attenuation of drug toxicity. In vitro release test is the critical physical parameter to determine the pharmaceutical quality of the product, to monitor formulation design and batch-to-batch variation.Methods:Spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods are mostly used in quantification studies from in vitro release test of nano-drug delivery systems. These techniques have advantages and disadvantages with respect to each other considering dynamic range, selectivity, automation, compatibility with in vitro release media and cost per sample.Results:It is very important to determine the correct kinetic profile of active pharmaceutical substances. At this point, the analytical method used for in vitro release tests has become a very critical parameter to correctly assess the profiles. In this review, we provided an overview of analytical methods applied to the in vitro release assay of various nanopharmaceuticals.Conclusion:This review presents practical direction on analytical method selection for in vitro release test on nanopharmaceuticals. Moreover, precautions on analytical method selection, optimization and validation were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İpek Eroğlu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Eroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedef Kır
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Zhu D, Shen H, Tan S, Hu Z, Wang L, Yu L, Tian X, Ding W, Ren C, Gao C, Cheng J, Deng M, Liu R, Hu J, Xi L, Wu P, Zhang Z, Ma D, Wang H. Nanoparticles Based on Poly (β-Amino Ester) and HPV16-Targeting CRISPR/shRNA as Potential Drugs for HPV16-Related Cervical Malignancy. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2443-2455. [PMID: 30241742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent high-risk HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. The HPV oncogene E7 plays an important role in HPV carcinogenesis. Currently, HPV vaccines do not offer an effective treatment for women who already present with cervical disease, and recommended periodical cervical screenings are difficult to perform in countries and areas lacking medical resources. Our aim was to develop nanoparticles (NPs) based on poly (β-amino ester) (PBAE) and HPV16 E7-targeting CRISPR/short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to reduce the levels of HPV16 E7 as a preliminary form of a drug to treat HPV infection and its related cervical malignancy. Our NPs showed low toxicity in cells and mouse organs. By reducing the expression of HPV16 E7, our NPs could inhibit the growth of cervical cancer cells and xenograft tumors in nude mice, and they could reverse the malignant cervical epithelium phenotype in HPV16 transgenic mice. The performance of NPs containing shRNA is better than that of NPs containing CRISPR. HPV-targeting NPs consisting of PBAE and CRISPR/shRNA could potentially be developed as drugs to treat HPV infection and HPV-related cervical malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Songwei Tan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Department of Gynecological Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ci Ren
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chun Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ling Xi
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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15
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Farrell KB, Karpeisky A, Thamm DH, Zinnen S. Bisphosphonate conjugation for bone specific drug targeting. Bone Rep 2018; 9:47-60. [PMID: 29992180 PMCID: PMC6037665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones provide essential functions and are sites of unique biochemistry and specialized cells, but can also be sites of disease. The treatment of bone disorders and neoplasia has presented difficulties in the past, and improved delivery of drugs to bone remains an important goal for achieving effective treatments. Drug targeting strategies have improved drug localization to bone by taking advantage of the high mineral concentration unique to the bone hydroxyapatite matrix, as well as tissue-specific cell types. The bisphosphonate molecule class binds specifically to hydroxyapatite and inhibits osteoclast resorption of bone, providing direct treatment for degenerative bone disorders, and as emerging evidence suggests, cancer. These bone-binding molecules also provide the opportunity to deliver other drugs specifically to bone by bisphosphonate conjugation. Bisphosphonate bone-targeted therapies have been successful in treatment of osteoporosis, primary and metastatic neoplasms of the bone, and other bone disorders, as well as refining bone imaging. In this review, we focus upon the use of bisphosphonate conjugates with antineoplastic agents, and overview bisphosphonate based imaging agents, nanoparticles, and other drugs. We also discuss linker design potential and the current state of bisphosphonate conjugate research progress. Ongoing investigations continue to expand the possibilities for bone-targeted therapeutics and for extending their reach into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen B Farrell
- MBC Pharma Inc., 12635 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045-0100, United States of America
| | - Alexander Karpeisky
- MBC Pharma Inc., 12635 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045-0100, United States of America
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, United States of America
| | - Shawn Zinnen
- MBC Pharma Inc., 12635 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045-0100, United States of America
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16
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Sezlev Bilecen D, Uludag H, Hasirci V. Development of PEI-RANK siRNA Complex Loaded PLGA Nanocapsules for the Treatment of Osteoporosis. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:34-43. [PMID: 29652606 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, which is characterized by low bone mineral density and susceptibility to fracture, is caused by increased osteoclastic activity. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)/RANK signaling plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation and activation. The current treatment strategies for osteoporosis do not directly address this underlying cause and generates undesired side effects. This led to emergence of controlled delivery systems to increase drug bioavailability and efficacy specifically at the bone tissue. With better understanding of molecular pathology of bone, the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit translation of abnormal gene expression in cells is becoming a promising approach. In this study, we report a siRNA delivery system consisting of PEI:RANK siRNA complex entrapped in nanosized poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) capsules intended to be used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The nanosize will enable the nanoparticles to be administered by intravenous injection. The RANK siRNA was complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) and loaded into biodegradable PLGA nanocapsules (NCs). The PEI:RANK siRNA loaded nanocapsules significantly reduced (47%) RANK mRNA levels. The differentiation of osteoclast precursors to mature osteoclasts was significantly suppressed (∼54%). The reduction in the osteoclastic activity of the differentiated osteoclasts (55%) was found to be statistically significant. The siRNA delivery system developed in the study is planned to be tested i.v. in mouse and has the potential to be used as a novel alternative approach for the systemic treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sezlev Bilecen
- 1 BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey.,2 Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Uludag
- 3 Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- 1 BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey.,2 Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,4 Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Yang Y, Fang S. Small non-coding RNAs-based bone regulation and targeting therapeutic strategies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 456:16-35. [PMID: 27888003 PMCID: PMC7116989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs, which are 20-25 nucleotide ribonucleic acids, have emerged as an important transformation in the biological evolution over almost three decades. microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two significant categories of the small RNAs that exert important effects on bone endocrinology and skeletology. Therefore, clarifying the expression and function of these important molecules in bone endocrine physiology and pathology is of great significance for improving their potential therapeutic value for metabolism-associated bone diseases. In the present review, we highlight the recent advances made in understanding the function and molecular mechanism of these small non-coding RNAs in bone metabolism, especially their potentially therapeutic values in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Cai M, Yang L, Zhang S, Liu J, Sun Y, Wang X. A bone-resorption surface-targeting nanoparticle to deliver anti-miR214 for osteoporosis therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7469-7482. [PMID: 29075114 PMCID: PMC5648312 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s139775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing fracture risks due to fragility, osteoporosis is a global health problem threatening postmenopausal women. In these patients, osteoclasts play leading roles in bone loss and fracture. How to inhibit osteoclast activity is the key issue for osteoporosis treatment. In recent years, miRNA-based gene therapy through gene regulation has been considered a potential therapeutic method. However, in light of the side effects, the use of therapeutic miRNAs in osteoporosis treatment is still limited by the lack of tissue/cell-specific delivery systems. Here, we developed polyurethane (PU) nanomicelles modified by the acidic peptide Asp8. Our data showed that without overt toxicity or eliciting an immune response, this delivery system encapsulated and selectively deliver miRNAs to OSCAR+ osteoclasts at bone-resorption surface in vivo. With the Asp8-PU delivery system, anti-miR214 was delivered to osteoclasts, and bone microarchitecture and bone mass were improved in ovariectomized osteoporosis mice. Therefore, Asp8-PU could be a useful bone-resorption surface-targeting delivery system for treatment of osteoclast-induced bone diseases and aging-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiang Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai
| | - Jiafan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Zhou ZC, Che L, Kong L, Lei DL, Liu R, Yang XJ. CKIP-1 silencing promotes new bone formation in rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 123:e1-e9. [PMID: 27727105 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects and possible molecular mechanism of casein kinase-2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) silencing on bone regeneration during rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO). STUDY DESIGN CKIP-1 silencing by chitosan/si-CKIP-1 was employed and analyzed both in rat mandibular DO models in vivo and in cultured rat mandible bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro. RESULTS Gross observation, micro-computed tomography analysis, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed that new bone formation in the distraction gap of the chitosan/si-CKIP-treated group was better compared with the chitosan/si-NC and phosphate buffered saline-treated groups in both quantity and quality. Proliferation assay, flow cytometry, and alizarin red staining indicated that CKIP-1 silencing significantly inhibited apoptosis, but promoted osteogenic differentiation of cultured BMSCs. Additionally, CKIP-1 silencing significantly promoted the expression of Wnt3 a, β-catenin, and osteocalcin both in new bone formation of DO models in vivo and in the osteogenic differentiation process of BMSCs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Promotion of bone formation after CKIP-1 silencing in rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis appears to be mediated through the Wnt3 a/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chao Zhou
- First Cadet Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Che
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - De-Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nursing Department, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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20
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ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDYING OF RAT BONE CELLS UNDER MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS. EUREKA: LIFE SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2016.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the experiments on rats (SLS-2) with the use of electron microscopy there was made the study of the osteoclasts population and the peculiarities of resorptive processes in a spongy bone of the epiphyses and the iliac crest.
The results of investigation permit to suppose that the processes of resorption of bone tissue become more intensive in zones of adaptive remodeling and destruction of the spongy bone under microgravity that is performed by several ways. One of mechanisms is the increasing of the functional activity of osteoclasts (appearance of "giant" osteoclasts). As a result it is the local demineralization and subsequent destruction of superficial areas of the bone matrix. The other mechanism is activation of osteocytic osteolysis was also investigated.
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21
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Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis through siRNA delivery with tunable mesoporous bioactive nanocarriers. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:352-364. [PMID: 26432439 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing through siRNA delivery has shown great promise for treating diseases and repairing damaged tissues, including bone. This report is the first to develop siRNA delivery system in the inhibition of osteoclastic functions which in turn can help turn-over bone mass increase in the diseases like osteoporosis. For this reason, biocompatible and degradable nanocarriers that can effectively load and deliver genetic molecules to target cells and tissues are being actively sought by researchers. In this study, mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (MBG), a novel unique biocompatible degradable inorganic nanocarrier, is introduced. Furthermore, siRNA was designed to function by inhibiting the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) in order to suppress osteoclastogenesis. Amine-functionalized MBG were synthesized with tunable mesoporosities, showing a strong complexation with siRNA. An in vitro release profile indicated that the siRNA from the MBG was able to achieve a highly sustainable liberation for up to 4 days, confirming a temporary delivery system can be designed to function for that period of time. The intracellular uptake capacity of the complex siRNA(RANK)-MBG was recorded to be around 70%. Furthermore, the RANK-expressing cell population declined down to 29% due to the delivery of siRNA(RANK)-MBG (vs. 86% in control). The expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes, including c-fos, cathepsin-K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), was substantially down-regulated by the siRNA delivery system. This study reports for the first time on the use of a novel MBG delivery system for siRNA that aims to suppress osteoclastic actions. MBGs may be a potential gene delivery platform for hard tissue repair and disease treatment due to the collective results which indicate a high loading capacity, temporary release kinetics, high intracellular uptake rate, and sufficient gene silencing effects, together with the intrinsic beneficial properties like bone-bioactivity and degradability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This report is the first to develop siRNA delivery system of biocompatible and degradable nanocarriers made from a unique composition, i.e., mesoporous bioactive glass that can effectively load and deliver genetic molecules to osteoclastic cells. We proved through a series of studies that the biocompatible nanocarriers are effective for the delivery of siRNA in the inhibition of osteoclastic functions which thus might be considered as a nanocarrier platform to help turn-over bone mass increase in the diseases like osteoporosis.
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Agarwal R, García AJ. Biomaterial strategies for engineering implants for enhanced osseointegration and bone repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:53-62. [PMID: 25861724 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the medical community. Current treatments center on metal implants for structural and mechanical support and auto- or allo-grafts to substitute long bone defects. Metal implants are associated with several complications such as implant loosening and infections. Bone grafts suffer from donor site morbidity, reduced bioactivity, and risk of pathogen transmission. Surgical implants can be modified to provide vital biological cues, growth factors and cells in order to improve osseointegration and repair of bone defects. Here we review strategies and technologies to engineer metal surfaces to promote osseointegration with the host tissue. We also discuss strategies for modifying implants for cell adhesion and bone growth via integrin signaling and growth factor and cytokine delivery for bone defect repair.
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Effective Small Interfering RNA Therapy to Treat CLCN7-dependent Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis Type 2. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e248. [PMID: 26325626 PMCID: PMC4877447 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In about 70% of patients affected by autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type 2 (ADO2), osteoclast activity is reduced by heterozygous mutations of the CLCN7 gene, encoding the ClC-7 chloride/hydrogen antiporter. CLCN7(G215R)-, CLCN7(R767W)-, and CLCN7(R286W)-specific siRNAs silenced transfected mutant mRNA/EGFP in HEK293 cells, in RAW264.7 cells and in human osteoclasts, with no change of CLCN7(WT) mRNA and no effect of scrambled siRNA on the mutant transcripts. Osteoclasts from Clcn7(G213R) ADO2 mice showed reduced bone resorption, a condition rescued by Clcn7(G213R)-specific siRNA. Treatment of ADO2 mice with Clcn7(G213R)-specific siRNA induced increase of bone resorption variables and decrease of trabecular bone mass, leading to an overall improvement of the osteopetrotic bone phenotype. Treatment did not induce overt adverse effects and was effective also with siRNAs specific for other mutants. These results demonstrate that a siRNA-based experimental treatment of ADO2 is feasible, and underscore a translational impact for future strategy to cure this therapeutically neglected form of osteopetrosis.
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Gennari L, Rotatori S, Bianciardi S, Gonnelli S, Nuti R, Merlotti D. Appropriate models for novel osteoporosis drug discovery and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:1201-16. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Aptamer-functionalized lipid nanoparticles targeting osteoblasts as a novel RNA interference-based bone anabolic strategy. Nat Med 2015; 21:288-94. [PMID: 25665179 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, major concerns about the safety and efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi)-based bone anabolic strategies still exist because of the lack of direct osteoblast-specific delivery systems for osteogenic siRNAs. Here we screened the aptamer CH6 by cell-SELEX, specifically targeting both rat and human osteoblasts, and then we developed CH6 aptamer-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating osteogenic pleckstrin homology domain-containing family O member 1 (Plekho1) siRNA (CH6-LNPs-siRNA). Our results showed that CH6 facilitated in vitro osteoblast-selective uptake of Plekho1 siRNA, mainly via macropinocytosis, and boosted in vivo osteoblast-specific Plekho1 gene silencing, which promoted bone formation, improved bone microarchitecture, increased bone mass and enhanced mechanical properties in both osteopenic and healthy rodents. These results indicate that osteoblast-specific aptamer-functionalized LNPs could act as a new RNAi-based bone anabolic strategy, advancing the targeted delivery selectivity of osteogenic siRNAs from the tissue level to the cellular level.
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Kyllönen L, D’Este M, Alini M, Eglin D. Local drug delivery for enhancing fracture healing in osteoporotic bone. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:412-34. [PMID: 25218339 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fragility fractures can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with osteoporosis and inflict a considerable medical and socioeconomic burden. Moreover, treatment of an osteoporotic fracture is challenging due to the decreased strength of the surrounding bone and suboptimal healing capacity, predisposing both to fixation failure and non-union. Whereas a systemic osteoporosis treatment acts slowly, local release of osteogenic agents in osteoporotic fracture would act rapidly to increase bone strength and quality, as well as to reduce the bone healing period and prevent development of a problematic non-union. The identification of agents with potential to stimulate bone formation and improve implant fixation strength in osteoporotic bone has raised hope for the fast augmentation of osteoporotic fractures. Stimulation of bone formation by local delivery of growth factors is an approach already in clinical use for the treatment of non-unions, and could be utilized for osteoporotic fractures as well. Small molecules have also gained ground as stable and inexpensive compounds to enhance bone formation and tackle osteoporosis. The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on local drug delivery in osteoporotic fractures. Advantages, disadvantages and underlying molecular mechanisms of different active species for local bone healing in osteoporotic bone are discussed. This review also identifies promising new candidate molecules and innovative approaches for the local drug delivery in osteoporotic bone.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal system pathology characterized by low bone mineral density and tissue structural deterioration. This malady is associated with high fracture risk that severely compromises quality of life. Osteoporosis incidence is becoming more significant with increasing lifespan worldwide. However, current approaches for treating osteoporosis cannot and do not treat the disease in the most ideal manner for diverse reasons. Substantial research has sought both the discovery of new targets and new therapies. In this review, emerging possible RNAi-mediated therapeutic opportunities for osteoporosis are identified and associated challenges discussed. Targeted delivery strategies capable of more reliable and efficient delivery to skeletal tissue are described, as well as possibilities to treat bone-forming cells with siRNA to produce cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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RNA interference--a silent but an efficient therapeutic tool. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1774-89. [PMID: 23340870 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionary conserved gene regulation pathway that has emerged as an important discovery in the field of molecular biology. One of the important advantages of RNAi in therapy is that it brings about efficient downregulation of gene expression by targeting complementary transcripts in comparison with other antisense-based techniques. RNAi can be can be achieved by introducing chemically synthesized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into a cell system. A more stable knockdown effect can be brought about by the use of plasmid or viral vectors encoding the siRNA. RNAi has been used in reverse genetics to understand the function of specific genes and also as a therapeutic tool in treating human diseases. This review provides a brief insight into the therapeutic applications of RNAi against debilitating diseases.
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Guo B, Peng S, Liang C, He X, Xiao C, Lu C, Jiang M, Zhao H, Lu A, Zhang G. Recent developments in bone anabolic therapy for osteoporosis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2012; 7:677-685. [PMID: 30754125 DOI: 10.1586/eem.12.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disorder in which there is a net bone loss and microarchitectural deterioration with an increased risk of bone fracture because of uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption. The treatment of osteoporosis aims to inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts and/or promote bone formation by osteoblasts. However, most of the current approaches for treating osteoporosis focus on inhibiting bone resorption. As the only US FDA-approved anabolic agent, the recombinant human parathyroid hormone is recommended for consecutive 2-year period treatment in a clinical setting. Therefore, it is highly desirable to identify novel bone anabolic agents or approaches for osteoporosis treatment. In this review, the authors introduce a new bone anabolic therapy by means of RNAi strategy. Specifically, the authors also discuss the current status and perspectives for RNAi as a novel anabolic approach in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Guo
- a Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Songlin Peng
- a Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chao Liang
- a Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- b Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- b Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- b Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- b Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- b Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- b Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- c Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Recent advances in the rational design of silica-based nanoparticles for gene therapy. Ther Deliv 2012. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has attracted much attention in modern society and provides a promising approach for treating genetic disorders, diseases and cancers. Safe and effective vectors are vital tools to deliver genetic molecules to cells. This review summarizes recent advances in the rational design of silica-based nanoparticles and their applications in gene therapy. An overview of different types of genetic agents available for gene therapy is provided. The engineering of various silica nanoparticles is described, which can be used as versatile complexation tools for genetic agents and advanced gene therapy. Several challenges are raised and future research directions in the area of gene therapy using silica-based nanoparticles are proposed.
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Wang Y, Tran KK, Shen H, Grainger DW. Selective local delivery of RANK siRNA to bone phagocytes using bone augmentation biomaterials. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8540-7. [PMID: 22951320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fracture healing and fracture fixation in the context of osteoporosis is extremely difficult. To inhibit osteoclast-induced bone resorption and associated implant loosening in this pathology, we describe a local delivery strategy to delivery RNA interfering technology to bone sites to target and down-regulate osteoclast formation and function. Resorbable polymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles were exploited as a passive phagocyte-targeting carrier to deliver RANK siRNA to both osteoclast precursors and osteoclasts - the professional phagocytes in bone. These natural phagocytes internalize micron-sized particles while most other non-targeted cells in bone cannot. PLGA-siRNA microparticles were dispersed within biomedical grade calcium-based injectable bone cement clinically used in osteoporosis as a bone augmentation biomaterial for fragility fracture prevention and fixation. siRNA released from this formulation in vitro retains bioactivity against the cell target, RANK, in cultured osteoclast precursor cells, inhibiting their progression toward the osteoclastic phenotype. These data support the proof-of-concept to utilize a clinically relevant approach to locally deliver siRNA to phagocytes in bone and improve fragility fracture healing in the context of osteoporosis. This local delivery system delivers siRNA therapeutics directly to osteoporosis sites from clinically familiar injected bone augmentation materials but could be extended to other injectable biomaterials for local siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA.
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Low SA, Kopeček J. Targeting polymer therapeutics to bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1189-204. [PMID: 22316530 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An aging population in the developing world has led to an increase in musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and bone metastases. Left untreated many bone diseases cause debilitating pain and in the case of cancer, death. Many potential drugs are effective in treating diseases but result in side effects preventing their efficacy in the clinic. Bone, however, provides a unique environment of inorganic solids, which can be exploited in order to effectively target drugs to diseased tissue. By integration of bone targeting moieties to drug-carrying water-soluble polymers, the payload to diseased area can be increased while side effects decreased. The realization of clinically relevant bone targeted polymer therapeutics depends on (1) understanding bone targeting moiety interactions, (2) development of controlled drug delivery systems, as well as (3) understanding drug interactions. The latter makes it possible to develop bone targeted synergistic drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A Low
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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