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Kozan NG, Joshi M, Sicherer ST, Grasman JM. Porous biomaterial scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1245897. [PMID: 37854885 PMCID: PMC10579822 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1245897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss is a traumatic injury which overwhelms the innate repair mechanisms of skeletal muscle and results in significant loss of muscle functionality. Tissue engineering seeks to regenerate these injuries through implantation of biomaterial scaffolds to encourage endogenous tissue formation and to restore mechanical function. Many types of scaffolds are currently being researched for this purpose. Scaffolds are typically made from either natural, synthetic, or conductive polymers, or any combination therein. A major criterion for the use of scaffolds for skeletal muscle is their porosity, which is essential for myoblast infiltration and myofiber ingrowth. In this review, we summarize the various methods of fabricating porous biomaterial scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration, as well as the various types of materials used to make these scaffolds. We provide guidelines for the fabrication of scaffolds based on functional requirements of skeletal muscle tissue, and discuss the general state of the field for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan M. Grasman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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Pro-Myogenic Environment Promoted by the Synergistic Effect of Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites Combined with Extracellular Zinc Ions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121706. [PMID: 36552216 PMCID: PMC9774464 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy based on the combination of electrically conductive polymer nanocomposites and extracellular Zn2+ ions as a myogenic factor was developed to assess its ability to synergically stimulate myogenic cell response. The conductive nanocomposite was prepared with a polymeric matrix and a small amount of graphene (G) nanosheets (0.7% wt/wt) as conductive filler to produce an electrically conductive surface. The nanocomposites' surface electrical conductivity presented values in the range of human skeletal muscle tissue. The biological evaluation of the cell environment created by the combination of the conductive surface and extracellular Zn2+ ions showed no cytotoxicity and good cell adhesion (murine C2C12 myoblasts). Amazingly, the combined strategy, cell-material interface with conductive properties and Zn bioactive ions, was found to have a pronounced synergistic effect on myoblast proliferation and the early stages of differentiation. The ratio of differentiated myoblasts cultured on the conductive nanocomposites with extracellular Zn2+ ions added in the differentiation medium (serum-deprived medium) was enhanced by more than 170% over that of non-conductive surfaces (only the polymeric matrix), and more than 120% over both conductive substrates (without extracellular Zn2+ ions) and non-conductive substrates with extracellular Zn2+. This synergistic effect was also found to increase myotube density, myotube area and diameter, and multinucleated myotube formation. MyoD-1 gene expression was also enhanced, indicating the positive effect in the early stages of myogenic differentiation. These results demonstrate the great potential of this combined strategy, which stands outs for its simplicity and robustness, for skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications.
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Sanchez MM, Bagdasarian IA, Darch W, Morgan JT. Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9338-9383. [PMID: 36435511 PMCID: PMC9740367 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging remains a primary risk factor for a host of diseases, including leading causes of death. Aging and associated diseases are inherently multifactorial, with numerous contributing factors and phenotypes at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal scales. Despite the complexity of aging phenomena, models currently used in aging research possess limitations. Frequently used in vivo models often have important physiological differences, age at different rates, or are genetically engineered to match late disease phenotypes rather than early causes. Conversely, routinely used in vitro models lack the complex tissue-scale and systemic cues that are disrupted in aging. To fill in gaps between in vivo and traditional in vitro models, researchers have increasingly been turning to organotypic models, which provide increased physiological relevance with the accessibility and control of in vitro context. While powerful tools, the development of these models is a field of its own, and many aging researchers may be unaware of recent progress in organotypic models, or hesitant to include these models in their own work. In this review, we describe recent progress in tissue engineering applied to organotypic models, highlighting examples explicitly linked to aging and associated disease, as well as examples of models that are relevant to aging. We specifically highlight progress made in skin, gut, and skeletal muscle, and describe how recently demonstrated models have been used for aging studies or similar phenotypes. Throughout, this review emphasizes the accessibility of these models and aims to provide a resource for researchers seeking to leverage these powerful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M. Sanchez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - William Darch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Samandari M, Quint J, Rodríguez-delaRosa A, Sinha I, Pourquié O, Tamayol A. Bioinks and Bioprinting Strategies for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105883. [PMID: 34773667 PMCID: PMC8957559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles play important roles in critical body functions and their injury or disease can lead to limitation of mobility and loss of independence. Current treatments result in variable functional recovery, while reconstructive surgery, as the gold-standard approach, is limited due to donor shortage, donor-site morbidity, and limited functional recovery. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) has generated enthusiasm as an alternative solution for treatment of injured tissue and serves as a functional disease model. Recently, bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool for recapitulating the complex and highly organized architecture of skeletal muscles at clinically relevant sizes. Here, skeletal muscle physiology, muscle regeneration following injury, and current treatments following muscle loss are discussed, and then bioprinting strategies implemented for SMTE are critically reviewed. Subsequently, recent advancements that have led to improvement of bioprinting strategies to construct large muscle structures, boost myogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and enhance tissue integration are discussed. Bioinks for muscle bioprinting, as an essential part of any bioprinting strategy, are discussed, and their benefits, limitations, and areas to be improved are highlighted. Finally, the directions the field should expand to make bioprinting strategies more translational and overcome the clinical unmet needs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jacob Quint
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Alarcin E, Bal-Öztürk A, Avci H, Ghorbanpoor H, Dogan Guzel F, Akpek A, Yesiltas G, Canak-Ipek T, Avci-Adali M. Current Strategies for the Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5929. [PMID: 34072959 PMCID: PMC8198586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injuries, tumor resections, and degenerative diseases can damage skeletal muscle and lead to functional impairment and severe disability. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that depends on various cell types, signaling molecules, architectural cues, and physicochemical properties to be successful. To promote muscle repair and regeneration, various strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering have been developed in the last decades. However, there is still a high demand for the development of new methods and materials that promote skeletal muscle repair and functional regeneration to bring approaches closer to therapies in the clinic that structurally and functionally repair muscle. The combination of stem cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules is used to induce skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of different cell types used to treat skeletal muscle injury, highlight current strategies in biomaterial-based approaches, the importance of topography for the successful creation of functional striated muscle fibers, and discuss novel methods for muscle regeneration and challenges for their future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Alarcin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ayca Bal-Öztürk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Avci
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
- AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hamed Ghorbanpoor
- AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dogan Guzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Ali Akpek
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; (A.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gözde Yesiltas
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; (A.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Tuba Canak-Ipek
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
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Elashry MI, Gaertner K, Klymiuk MC, Eldaey A, Wenisch S, Arnhold S. Characterisation of stemness and multipotency of ovine muscle-derived stem cells from various muscle sources. J Anat 2021; 239:336-350. [PMID: 33641201 PMCID: PMC8273587 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for cell‐based therapy and tissue regeneration in veterinary medicine. Evaluation of MSCs from muscles of different origins improves our understanding of their regenerative potential. The present study compared the stemness, cell proliferation, migration potential, myogenic differentiation (MD), and multipotency of MSCs for four developmentally different muscles of ovine origin. MSCs were isolated from the hind limb (HL), diaphragm (DI), extraocular (EO), and masseter (MS) muscles. Cell proliferation, migration, and stemness were examined using sulforhodamine B, and colony formation assays. Evaluation of multipotency was examined using histological and morphometric analyses, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression of myogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic markers using RT‐qPCR. Data were statistically analysed using analysis of variance. The results revealed that all experimental groups expressed stem cell markers paired box transcription factor Pax7, α7‐integrin, CD90, and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha. DI and HL muscle cells displayed higher proliferation, migration, and colony formation capacities compared to the EO and MS muscle cells. HL and DI muscle cells showed increased MD, as indicated by myotube formation and relative expression of MyoD at day 7 and Myogenin at day 14. Although MS and EO muscle cells displayed impaired MD, these cells were more prone to adipogenic differentiation, as indicated by Oil Red O staining and upregulated fatty acid‐binding protein 4 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma expression. DI muscle cells demonstrated a higher osteogenic differentiation capability, as shown by the upregulation of osteopontin expression and an elevated ALP activity. Our data indicate that ovine HL and DI MSCs have a higher regenerative and multipotent potential than the EO and MS muscle cells. These results could be valuable for regional muscle biopsies and cell‐based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Elashry
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Gaertner
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michele C Klymiuk
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Asmaa Eldaey
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sabine Wenisch
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Arnhold
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Tijore A, Lee BH, Salila Vijayalal Mohan HK, Li H, Tan LP. Bioactive micropatterned platform to engineer myotube-like cells from stem cells. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 33285529 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abd157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has the capacity to repair and heal itself after injury. However, this self-healing ability is diminished in the event of severe injuries and myopathies. In such conditions, stem cell-based regenerative treatments can play an important part in post injury restoration. We herein report the development of a bioactive (integrin-β1 antibody immobilized) gold micropatterned platform to promote human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiation into the myotube-like cells. hMSCs grown on bioactive micropattern differentiated into the myotube-like cells within two weeks. Further, up-regulation of myogenic markers, multi-nucleated state with continuous actin cytoskeleton and absence of proliferation marker confirmed the formation of myotube-like cells on bioactive micropattern. Prominent expression of elongated integrin-β1 focal adhesions (ITG-β1 FAs) and development of anisotropic stress fibres in those differentiated cells elucidated their importance in stem cell myogenesis. Together these findings delineate the synergistic role of engineered cell anisotropy and ITG-β1 mediated signaling in the development of myotube-like cells from hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Tijore
- National University of Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, 119260, SINGAPORE
| | - Bae Hoon Lee
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
| | | | - Holden Li
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore, 639798, SINGAPORE
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Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials-Based Strategies for the Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Loss. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030085. [PMID: 32751847 PMCID: PMC7552659 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of Americans suffer from skeletal muscle injuries annually that can result in volumetric muscle loss (VML), where extensive musculoskeletal damage and tissue loss result in permanent functional deficits. In the case of small-scale injury skeletal muscle is capable of endogenous regeneration through activation of resident satellite cells (SCs). However, this is greatly reduced in VML injuries, which remove native biophysical and biochemical signaling cues and hinder the damaged tissue's ability to direct regeneration. The current clinical treatment for VML is autologous tissue transfer, but graft failure and scar tissue formation leave patients with limited functional recovery. Tissue engineering of instructive biomaterial scaffolds offers a promising approach for treating VML injuries. Herein, we review the strategic engineering of biophysical and biochemical cues in current scaffold designs that aid in restoring function to these preclinical VML injuries. We also discuss the successes and limitations of the three main biomaterial-based strategies to treat VML injuries: acellular scaffolds, cell-delivery scaffolds, and in vitro tissue engineered constructs. Finally, we examine several innovative approaches to enhancing the design of the next generation of engineered scaffolds to improve the functional regeneration of skeletal muscle following VML injuries.
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Wosczyna MN, Konishi CT, Perez Carbajal EE, Wang TT, Walsh RA, Gan Q, Wagner MW, Rando TA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are Required for Regeneration and Homeostatic Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2029-2035.e5. [PMID: 31091443 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity of mesenchymal stromal cells, called fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs), in skeletal muscle regeneration and maintenance remains unestablished. We report the generation of a PDGFRαCreER knockin mouse model that provides a specific means of labeling and targeting FAPs. Depletion of FAPs using Cre-dependent diphtheria toxin expression results in loss of expansion of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and CD45+ hematopoietic cells after injury and impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Furthermore, FAP-depleted mice under homeostatic conditions exhibit muscle atrophy and loss of MuSCs, revealing that FAPs are required for the maintenance of both skeletal muscle and the MuSC pool. We also report that local tamoxifen metabolite delivery to target CreER activity in a single muscle, removing potentially confounding systemic effects of ablating PDGFRα+ cells distantly, also causes muscle atrophy. These data establish a critical role of FAPs in skeletal muscle regeneration and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Wosczyna
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Colin T Konishi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edgar E Perez Carbajal
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Theodore T Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel A Walsh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qiang Gan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark W Wagner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Gilbert-Honick J, Grayson W. Vascularized and Innervated Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1900626. [PMID: 31622051 PMCID: PMC6986325 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a devastating loss of muscle tissue that overwhelms the native regenerative properties of skeletal muscle and results in lifelong functional deficits. There are currently no treatments for VML that fully recover the lost muscle tissue and function. Tissue engineering presents a promising solution for VML treatment and significant research has been performed using tissue engineered muscle constructs in preclinical models of VML with a broad range of defect locations and sizes, tissue engineered construct characteristics, and outcome measures. Due to the complex vascular and neural anatomy within skeletal muscle, regeneration of functional vasculature and nerves is vital for muscle recovery following VML injuries. This review aims to summarize the current state of the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering using 3D constructs for VML treatment with a focus on studies that have promoted vascular and neural regeneration within the muscle tissue post-VML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Gilbert-Honick
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Warren Grayson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Material Sciences & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Can Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced CT Quantify Perfusion in a Stimulated Muscle of Limited Size? A Rat Model. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:179-188. [PMID: 31794491 PMCID: PMC7000042 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle injury may result in damage to the vasculature, rendering it unable to meet the metabolic demands of muscle regeneration and healing. Therefore, therapies frequently aim to maintain, restore, or improve blood supply to the injured muscle. Although there are several options to assess the vascular outcomes of these therapies, few are capable of spatially assessing perfusion in large volumes of tissue. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Can dynamic contrast-enhanced CT (DCE-CT) imaging acquired with a clinical CT scanner be used in a rat model to quantify perfusion in the anterior tibialis muscle at spatially relevant volumes, as assessed by (1) the blood flow rate and tissue blood volume in the muscle after three levels of muscle stimulation (low, medium, and maximum) relative to baseline as determined by the non-stimulated contralateral leg; and (2) how do these measurements compare with those obtained by the more standard approach of microsphere perfusion? METHODS The right anterior tibialis muscles of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to low- (n = 10), medium- (n = 6), or maximum- (n = 3) level (duty cycles of 2.5%, 5.0%, and 20%, respectively) nerve electrode coupled muscle stimulation directly followed by DCE-CT imaging. Tissue blood flow and blood volume maps were created using commercial software and volumetrically measured using NIH software. Although differences in blood flow were detectable across the studied levels of muscle stimulation, a review of the evidence suggested the absolute blood flow quantified was underestimated. Therefore, at a later date, a separate set of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized for microsphere perfusion (n = 7) to define blood flow in the animal model with an accepted standard. With this technique, intra-arterial particles sized to freely flow in blood but large enough to lodge in tissue capillaries were injected. Simultaneously, blood sampling at a fixed flow rate was simultaneously performed to provide a fixed blood flow rate sample. The tissues of interest were then explanted and assessed for the total number of particles per tissue volume. Tissue blood flow rate was then calculated based on the particle count ratio within the reference sample. Note that a tissue's blood volume cannot be calculated with this method. Comparison analysis to the non-stimulated baseline leg was performed using two-tailed paired student t-test. An ANOVA was used to compare difference between stimulation groups. RESULTS DCE-CT measured (mean ± SD) increasing tissue blood flow differences in stimulated anterior tibialis muscle at 2.5% duty cycle (32 ± 5 cc/100 cc/min), 5.0% duty cycle (46 ± 13 cc/100 cc/min), and 20% duty cycle (73 ± 3 cc/100 cc/min) compared with the paired contralateral non-stimulated anterior tibialis muscle (10 ± 2 cc/100 cc/min, mean difference 21 cc/100 cc/min [95% CI 17.08 to 25.69]; 9 ± 1 cc/100 cc/min, mean difference 37 cc/100 cc/min [95% CI 23.06 to 50.11]; and 11 ± 2 cc/100 cc/min, mean difference 62 cc/100 cc/min [95% CI 53.67 to 70.03]; all p < 0.001). Similarly, DCE-CT showed increasing differences in tissue blood volumes within the stimulated anterior tibialis muscle at 2.5% duty cycle (23.2 ± 4.2 cc/100 cc), 5.0% duty cycle (39.2 ± 7.2 cc/100 cc), and 20% duty cycle (52.5 ± 13.1 cc/100 cc) compared with the paired contralateral non-stimulated anterior tibialis muscle (3.4 ± 0.7 cc/100 cc, mean difference 19.8 cc/100 cc [95% CI 16.46 to 23.20]; p < 0.001; 3.5 ± 0.4 cc/100 cc, mean difference 35.7 cc/100 cc [95% CI 28.44 to 43.00]; p < 0.001; and 4.2 ± 1.3 cc/100 cc, mean difference 48.3 cc/100 cc [95% CI 17.86 to 78.77]; p = 0.010). Microsphere perfusion measurements also showed an increasing difference in tissue blood flow in the stimulated anterior tibialis muscle at 2.5% duty cycle (62 ± 43 cc/100 cc/min), 5.0% duty cycle (89 ± 52 cc/100 cc/min), and 20% duty cycle (313 ± 269 cc/100 cc/min) compared with the paired contralateral non-stimulated anterior tibialis muscle (8 ± 4 cc/100 cc/min, mean difference 55 cc/100 cc/min [95% CI 15.49 to 94.24]; p = 0.007; 9 ± 9 cc/100 cc/min, mean difference 79 cc/100 cc/min [95% CI 33.83 to 125.09]; p = 0.003; and 18 ± 18 cc/100 cc/min, mean difference 295 cc/100 cc/min [95% CI 8.45 to 580.87]; p = 0.023). Qualitative comparison between the methods suggests that DCE-CT values underestimate tissue blood flow with a post-hoc ANOVA showing DCE-CT blood flow values within the 2.5% duty cycle group (32 ± 5 cc/100 cc/min) to be less than the microsphere perfusion value (62 ± 43 cc/100 cc/min) with a mean difference of 31 cc/100 cc/min (95% CI 2.46 to 60.23; p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS DCE-CT using a clinical scanner is a feasible modality to measure incremental changes of blood flow and tissue blood volume within a spatially challenged small animal model. Care should be taken in studies where true blood flow values are needed, as this particular small-volume muscle model suggests true blood flow is underestimated using the specific adaptions of DCE-CT acquisition and image processing chosen. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CT perfusion is a clinically available modality allowing for translation of science from bench to bedside. Adapting the modality to fit small animal models that are relevant to muscle healing may hasten time to clinical utility.
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12
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Bahri OA, Naldaiz-Gastesi N, Kennedy DC, Wheatley AM, Izeta A, McCullagh KJA. The panniculus carnosus muscle: A novel model of striated muscle regeneration that exhibits sex differences in the mdx mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15964. [PMID: 31685850 PMCID: PMC6828975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dermal striated muscle panniculus carnosus (PC), prevalent in lower mammals with remnants in humans, is highly regenerative, and whose function is purported to be linked to defence and shivering thermogenesis. Given the heterogeneity of responses of different muscles to disease, we set out to characterize the PC in wild-type and muscular dystrophic mdx mice. The mouse PC contained mainly fast-twitch type IIB myofibers showing body wide distribution. The PC exemplified heterogeneity in myofiber sizes and a prevalence of central nucleated fibres (CNFs), hallmarks of regeneration, in wild-type and mdx muscles, which increased with age. PC myofibers were hypertrophic in mdx compared to wild-type mice. Sexual dimorphism was apparent with a two-fold increase in CNFs in PC from male versus female mdx mice. To evaluate myogenic potential, PC muscle progenitors were isolated from 8-week old wild-type and mdx mice, grown and differentiated for 7-days. Myogenic profiling of PC-derived myocytes suggested that male mdx satellite cells (SCs) were more myogenic than female counterparts, independent of SC density in PC muscles. Muscle regenerative differences in the PC were associated with alterations in expression of calcium handling regulatory proteins. These studies highlight unique aspects of the PC muscle and its potential as a model to study mechanisms of striated muscle regeneration in health and disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Dermis/metabolism
- Dermis/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Development
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Striated/pathology
- Muscle, Striated/physiology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Regeneration
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Stem Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Bahri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Donna C Kennedy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
| | - Antony M Wheatley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland
| | - Ander Izeta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Karl J A McCullagh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W5P7, Ireland.
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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13
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Chung MJ, Park S, Son JY, Lee JY, Yun HH, Lee EJ, Lee EM, Cho GJ, Lee S, Park HS, Jeong KS. Differentiation of equine induced pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal lineage for therapeutic use. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2954-2971. [PMID: 31505996 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1664224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous work, we established an equine induced pluripotent stem cell line (E-iPSCs) from equine adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using a lentiviral vector encoding four transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. In the current study, we attempted to differentiate these established E-iPSCs into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by serial passaging using MSC-defined media for stem cell expansion. Differentiation of the MSCs was confirmed by analyzing expression levels of the MSC surface markers CD44 and CD29, and the pluripotency markers Nanog and Oct4. Results indicated that the E-iPSC-derived MSCs (E-iPSC-MSCs) retained the characteristics of MSCs, including the ability to differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic, or myogenic lineages. E-iPSC-MSCs were rendered suitable for therapeutic use by inhibiting immune rejection through exposure to transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) in culture, which down-regulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) proteins that cause immune rejection if they are incompatible with the MHC antigen of the recipient. We reported 16 cases of E-iPSC-MSC transplantations into injured horses with generally positive effects, such as reduced lameness and fraction lines. Our findings indicate that E-iPSC-MSCs can demonstrate MSC characteristics and be safely and practically used in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Chung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - SunYoung Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Jae Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunray Lee
- Cell Engineering For Origin , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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14
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Qazi TH, Duda GN, Ort MJ, Perka C, Geissler S, Winkler T. Cell therapy to improve regeneration of skeletal muscle injuries. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:501-516. [PMID: 30843380 PMCID: PMC6596399 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases that jeopardize the musculoskeletal system and cause chronic impairment are prevalent throughout the Western world. In Germany alone, ~1.8 million patients suffer from these diseases annually, and medical expenses have been reported to reach 34.2bn Euros. Although musculoskeletal disorders are seldom fatal, they compromise quality of life and diminish functional capacity. For example, musculoskeletal disorders incur an annual loss of over 0.8 million workforce years to the German economy. Among these diseases, traumatic skeletal muscle injuries are especially problematic because they can occur owing to a variety of causes and are very challenging to treat. In contrast to chronic muscle diseases such as dystrophy, sarcopenia, or cachexia, traumatic muscle injuries inflict damage to localized muscle groups. Although minor muscle trauma heals without severe consequences, no reliable clinical strategy exists to prevent excessive fibrosis or fatty degeneration, both of which occur after severe traumatic injury and contribute to muscle degeneration and dysfunction. Of the many proposed strategies, cell-based approaches have shown the most promising results in numerous pre-clinical studies and have demonstrated success in the handful of clinical trials performed so far. A number of myogenic and non-myogenic cell types benefit muscle healing, either by directly participating in new tissue formation or by stimulating the endogenous processes of muscle repair. These cell types operate via distinct modes of action, and they demonstrate varying levels of feasibility for muscle regeneration depending, to an extent, on the muscle injury model used. While in some models the injury naturally resolves over time, other models have been developed to recapitulate the peculiarities of real-life injuries and therefore mimic the structural and functional impairment observed in humans. Existing limitations of cell therapy approaches include issues related to autologous harvesting, expansion and sorting protocols, optimal dosage, and viability after transplantation. Several clinical trials have been performed to treat skeletal muscle injuries using myogenic progenitor cells or multipotent stromal cells, with promising outcomes. Recent improvements in our understanding of cell behaviour and the mechanistic basis for their modes of action have led to a new paradigm in cell therapies where physical, chemical, and signalling cues presented through biomaterials can instruct cells and enhance their regenerative capacity. Altogether, these studies and experiences provide a positive outlook on future opportunities towards innovative cell-based solutions for treating traumatic muscle injuries-a so far unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor H Qazi
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie J Ort
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Winkler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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15
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A transient protective effect of low-level laser irradiation against disuse-induced atrophy of rats. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1829-1839. [PMID: 30949786 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells, a population of skeletal muscular stem cells, are generally recognized as the main and, possibly, the sole source of postnatal muscle regeneration. Previous studies have revealed the potential of low-level laser (LLL) irradiation in promoting satellite cell proliferation, which, thereby, boosts the recovery of skeletal muscle from atrophy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the beneficial effect of LLL on disuse-induced atrophy. The optimal irradiation condition of LLL (808 nm) enhancing the proliferation of Pax7+ve cells, isolated from tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, was examined and applied on TA muscle of disuse-induced atrophy model of the rats accordingly. Healthy rats were used as the control. On one hand, transiently, LLL was able to postpone the progression of atrophy for 1 week through a reduction of apoptosis in Pax7-veMyoD+ve (myocyte) population. Simultaneously, a significant enhancement was observed in Pax7+veMyoD+ve population; however, most of the increased cells underwent apoptosis since the second week, which suggested an impaired maturation of the population. On the other hand, in normal control rats with LLL irradiation, a significant increase in Pax7+veMyoD+ve cells and a significant decrease of apoptosis were observed. As a result, a strengthened muscle contraction was observed. Our data showed the capability of LLL in postponing the progression of disuse-induced atrophy for the first time. Furthermore, the result of normal rats with LLL irradiation showed the effectiveness of LLL to strengthen muscle contraction in healthy control.
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16
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Pantelic MN, Larkin LM. Stem Cells for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:373-391. [PMID: 29652595 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a debilitating condition wherein muscle loss overwhelms the body's normal physiological repair mechanism. VML is particularly common among military service members who have sustained war injuries. Because of the high social and medical cost associated with VML and suboptimal current surgical treatments, there is great interest in developing better VML therapies. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) is a promising alternative to traditional VML surgical treatments that use autogenic tissue grafts, and rather uses isolated stem cells with myogenic potential to generate de novo skeletal muscle tissues to treat VML. Satellite cells are the native precursors to skeletal muscle tissue, and are thus the most commonly studied starting source for SMTE. However, satellite cells are difficult to isolate and purify, and it is presently unknown whether they would be a practical source in clinical SMTE applications. Alternative myogenic stem cells, including adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, perivascular stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonic stem cells, each have myogenic potential and have been identified as possible starting sources for SMTE, although they have yet to be studied in detail for this purpose. These alternative stem cell varieties offer unique advantages and disadvantages that are worth exploring further to advance the SMTE field toward highly functional, safe, and practical VML treatments. The following review summarizes the current state of satellite cell-based SMTE, details the properties and practical advantages of alternative myogenic stem cells, and offers guidance to tissue engineers on how alternative myogenic stem cells can be incorporated into SMTE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly N Pantelic
- 1 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M Larkin
- 1 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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17
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Lee EM, Kim AY, Lee EJ, Park JK, Park SI, Cho SG, Kim HK, Kim SY, Jeong KS. Generation of Equine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Analysis of Their Therapeutic Potential for Muscle Injuries. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2003-2016. [PMID: 27226077 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse health has become a major concern with the expansion of horse-related industries and sports; the importance of healthy muscles for horse performance and daily activities is undisputed. Here we generated equine-induced pluripotent stem cells (E-iPSCs) by reprogramming equine adipose-derived stem cells (E-ADSCs) into iPSCs using a polycistronic lentiviral vector encoding four transcription factors (i.e., Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) and then examined their pluripotent characteristics. Subsequently, established E-iPSCs were transplanted into muscle-injured Rag/ mdx mice. The histopathology results showed that E-iPSC-transplanted mice exhibited enhanced muscle regeneration compared to controls. In addition, E-iPSC-derived myofibers were observed in the injured muscles. In conclusion, we show that E-iPSCs could be successfully generated from equine ADSCs and transplanted into injured muscles and that E-iPSCs have the capacity to induce regeneration of injured muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Il Park
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Yoon Kim
- Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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18
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Lev R, Seliktar D. Hydrogel biomaterials and their therapeutic potential for muscle injuries and muscular dystrophies. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20170380. [PMID: 29343633 PMCID: PMC5805959 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular diseases such as muscular dystrophies and muscle injuries constitute a large group of ailments that manifest as muscle weakness, atrophy or fibrosis. Although cell therapy is a promising treatment option, the delivery and retention of cells in the muscle is difficult and prevents sustained regeneration needed for adequate functional improvements. Various types of biomaterials with different physical and chemical properties have been developed to improve the delivery of cells and/or growth factors for treating muscle injuries. Hydrogels are a family of materials with distinct advantages for use as cell delivery systems in muscle injuries and ailments, including their mild processing conditions, their similarities to natural tissue extracellular matrix, and their ability to be delivered with less invasive approaches. Moreover, hydrogels can be made to completely degrade in the body, leaving behind their biological payload in a process that can enhance the therapeutic process. For these reasons, hydrogels have shown great potential as cell delivery matrices. This paper reviews a few of the hydrogel systems currently being applied together with cell therapy and/or growth factor delivery to promote the therapeutic repair of muscle injuries and muscle wasting diseases such as muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lev
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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19
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Giacomazzi G, Holvoet B, Trenson S, Caluwé E, Kravic B, Grosemans H, Cortés-Calabuig Á, Deroose CM, Huylebroeck D, Hashemolhosseini S, Janssens S, McNally E, Quattrocelli M, Sampaolesi M. MicroRNAs promote skeletal muscle differentiation of mesodermal iPSC-derived progenitors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1249. [PMID: 29093487 PMCID: PMC5665910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are often characterized by impairment of both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Regenerative strategies for both compartments therefore constitute a therapeutic avenue. Mesodermal iPSC-derived progenitors (MiPs) can regenerate both striated muscle types simultaneously in mice. Importantly, MiP myogenic propensity is influenced by somatic lineage retention. However, it is still unknown whether human MiPs have in vivo potential. Furthermore, methods to enhance the intrinsic myogenic properties of MiPs are likely needed, given the scope and need to correct large amounts of muscle in the MDs. Here, we document that human MiPs can successfully engraft into the skeletal muscle and hearts of dystrophic mice. Utilizing non-invasive live imaging and selectively induced apoptosis, we report evidence of striated muscle regeneration in vivo in mice by human MiPs. Finally, combining RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data, we define miRNA cocktails that promote the myogenic potential of human MiPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giacomazzi
- Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bryan Holvoet
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Trenson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Caluwé
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bojana Kravic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanne Grosemans
- Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe M Deroose
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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20
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Zorin VL, Pulin AA, Eremin II, Korsakov IN, Zorina AI, Khromova NV, Sokova OI, Kotenko KV, Kopnin PB. Myogenic potential of human alveolar mucosa derived cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:545-555. [PMID: 28118065 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1284714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulties related to the obtainment of stem/progenitor cells from skeletal muscle tissue make the search for new sources of myogenic cells highly relevant. Alveolar mucosa might be considered as a perspective candidate due to availability and high proliferative capacity of its cells. Human alveolar mucosa cells (AMC) were obtained from gingival biopsy samples collected from 10 healthy donors and cultured up to 10 passages. AMC matched the generally accepted multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells criteria and possess population doubling time, caryotype and immunophenotype stability during long-term cultivation. The single myogenic induction of primary cell cultures resulted in differentiation of AMC into multinucleated myotubes. The myogenic differentiation was associated with expression of skeletal muscle markers: skeletal myosin, skeletal actin, myogenin and MyoD1. Efficiency of myogenic differentiation in AMC cultures was similar to that in skeletal muscle cells. Furthermore, some of differentiated myotubes exhibited contractions in vitro. Our data confirms the sufficiently high myogenic potential and proliferative capacity of AMC and their ability to maintain in vitro proliferation-competent myogenic precursor cells regardless of the passage number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim L Zorin
- a FSBI "Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Health Center" , Moscow , Russia.,b Department of Regenerative Medicine at the Human Stem Cells Institute , Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrey A Pulin
- a FSBI "Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Health Center" , Moscow , Russia
| | - Ilya I Eremin
- a FSBI "Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Health Center" , Moscow , Russia
| | - Ivan N Korsakov
- a FSBI "Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Health Center" , Moscow , Russia
| | - Alla I Zorina
- b Department of Regenerative Medicine at the Human Stem Cells Institute , Moscow , Russia
| | | | - Olga I Sokova
- c Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - Konstantin V Kotenko
- d FSBI "Central State Medical Academy" of Business Administration for the President of the Russian Federation , Moscow , Russia
| | - Pavel B Kopnin
- c Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
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21
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Bursac N, Juhas M, Rando TA. Synergizing Engineering and Biology to Treat and Model Skeletal Muscle Injury and Disease. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 17:217-42. [PMID: 26643021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle is one of the most regenerative organs in our body, various genetic defects, alterations in extrinsic signaling, or substantial tissue damage can impair muscle function and the capacity for self-repair. The diversity and complexity of muscle disorders have attracted much interest from both cell biologists and, more recently, bioengineers, leading to concentrated efforts to better understand muscle pathology and develop more efficient therapies. This review describes the biological underpinnings of muscle development, repair, and disease, and discusses recent bioengineering efforts to design and control myomimetic environments, both to study muscle biology and function and to aid in the development of new drug, cell, and gene therapies for muscle disorders. The synergy between engineering-aided biological discovery and biology-inspired engineering solutions will be the path forward for translating laboratory results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708;
| | - Mark Juhas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708;
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Rehabilitation Research & Development Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
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22
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Robinson-Hamm JN, Gersbach CA. Gene therapies that restore dystrophin expression for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1029-40. [PMID: 27542949 PMCID: PMC5006996 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is one of the most common inherited genetic diseases and is caused by mutations to the DMD gene that encodes the dystrophin protein. Recent advances in genome editing and gene therapy offer hope for the development of potential therapeutics. Truncated versions of the DMD gene can be delivered to the affected tissues with viral vectors and show promising results in a variety of animal models. Genome editing with the CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been used to restore dystrophin expression by deleting one or more exons of the DMD gene in patient cells and in a mouse model that led to functional improvement of muscle strength. Exon skipping with oligonucleotides has been successful in several animal models and evaluated in multiple clinical trials. Next-generation oligonucleotide formulations offer significant promise to build on these results. All these approaches to restoring dystrophin expression are encouraging, but many hurdles remain. This review summarizes the current state of these technologies and summarizes considerations for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline N Robinson-Hamm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Room 1427, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708-0281, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Room 1427, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708-0281, USA.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Lala-Tabbert N, Fu D, Wiper-Bergeron N. Induction of CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β Expression With the Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Isobutylmethylxanthine Improves Myoblast Engraftment Into Dystrophic Muscle. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:500-10. [PMID: 26941360 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is the most common muscular dystrophy. Characterized by rounds of muscle degeneration and regeneration, DMD features progressive muscle wasting and is fatal. One approach for treatment is transplantation of muscle progenitor cells to repair and restore dystrophin expression to damaged muscle. However, the success of this approach has been limited by difficulties in isolating large numbers of myogenic progenitors with strong regenerative potential, poor engraftment, poor survival of donor cells, and limited migration in the diseased muscle. We demonstrate that induction of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) using the cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) results in enhanced myoblast expansion in culture and increased satellite cell marker expression. When equal numbers of IBMX-treated cells were transplanted into dystrophic muscle, they contributed to muscle repair more efficiently than did vehicle-treated cells and engrafted into the satellite cell niche in higher numbers, demonstrating improved cell migration from the site of injury and enhanced survival after transplantation. Thus, pharmacologic stimulation of C/EBPβ expression reprograms myoblasts to a more stem cell-like state, promotes expansion in culture, and improves engraftment such that better transplantation outcomes are achieved. SIGNIFICANCE Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder for which no cure exists. One therapeutic approach is transplantation of myogenic progenitors to restore dystrophin to damaged muscle, but this approach is limited by poor engraftment of cultured myoblasts. Transient upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β in primary myoblasts using the phosphodiesterase isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) increases satellite cell marker expression in cultured myoblasts, improves their migration, and increases their survival after transplantation. When transplanted into C57BL/10ScSn-mdx/J mice , IBMX-treated myoblasts restored dystrophin expression and were able to occupy the satellite cell niche more efficiently than controls. A myoblast culture approach that reprograms myoblasts to a more primitive state, resulting in improved transplantation outcomes and reinvigorating research into myoblast transplantation as a viable therapeutic approach, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Lala-Tabbert
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dechen Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Orlandi D, Corazza A, Arcidiacono A, Messina C, Serafini G, Sconfienza LM, Silvestri E. Ultrasound-guided procedures to treat sport-related muscle injuries. Br J Radiol 2015; 89:20150484. [PMID: 26562097 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is well known as a low-cost, radiation-free and effective imaging technique to guide percutaneous procedures. The lower limb muscles represent a good target to perform such procedures under ultrasound guidance, thus allowing for clear and precise visualization of the needle during the whole procedure. The knowledge of guidelines and technical aspects is mandatory to act in the most safe and accurate way on target tissues that can be as small as a few millimetres. This review will focus above the local treatments of traumatic lower limb muscle injuries described in literature, focusing on new and promising approaches, such as platelet-rich plasma treatment of muscle tears in athletes. For each procedure, a brief how-to-do practical guide will be provided, emphasizing precautions and tricks based on day-by-day experience that may help to improve the outcome of percutaneous ultrasound-guided procedures around the lower limb muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Orlandi
- 1 Department of Radiology, Genoa University, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Corazza
- 1 Department of Radiology, Genoa University, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo Messina
- 2 Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Serafini
- 3 Department of Radiology, Ospedale Santa Corona, Pietra Ligure, Savona, Italy
| | - Luca M Sconfienza
- 2 Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milano, Italy.,4 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Enzo Silvestri
- 5 Department of Radiology, Ospedale Evangelico Internazionale, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
Regeneration involves interactions between multiple signaling pathways acting in a spatially and temporally complex manner. As signaling pathways are highly conserved, understanding how regeneration is controlled in animal models exhibiting robust regenerative capacities should aid efforts to stimulate repair in humans. One way to discover molecular regulators of regeneration is to alter gene/protein function and quantify effect(s) on the regenerative process: dedifferentiation/reprograming, stem/progenitor proliferation, migration/remodeling, progenitor cell differentiation and resolution. A powerful approach for applying this strategy to regenerative biology is chemical genetics, the use of small-molecule modulators of specific targets or signaling pathways. Here, we review advances that have been made using chemical genetics for hypothesis-focused and discovery-driven studies aimed at furthering understanding of how regeneration is controlled.
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Cezar CA, Mooney DJ. Biomaterial-based delivery for skeletal muscle repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:188-97. [PMID: 25271446 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable capacity for regeneration in response to minor damage, but severe injury resulting in a volumetric muscle loss can lead to extensive and irreversible fibrosis, scarring, and loss of muscle function. In early clinical trials, the intramuscular injection of cultured myoblasts was proven to be a safe but ineffective cell therapy, likely due to rapid death, poor migration, and immune rejection of the injected cells. In recent years, appropriate therapeutic cell types and culturing techniques have improved progenitor cell engraftment upon transplantation. Importantly, the identification of several key biophysical and biochemical cues that synergistically regulate satellite cell fate has paved the way for the development of cell-instructive biomaterials that serve as delivery vehicles for cells to promote in vivo regeneration. Material carriers designed to spatially and temporally mimic the satellite cell niche may be of particular importance for the complete regeneration of severely damaged skeletal muscle.
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Zeugolis DI, Pandit A. Scaffolds, cells, biologics: At the crossroads of musculoskeletal repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:v-vi. [PMID: 25596419 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Male germline or spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are conserved across many species and essential for uninterrupted production of sperm over long periods of reproductive life span. A better understanding of SSC biology provides limitless opportunities in male reproductive health, fertility preservation, and regenerative medicine. Although several potential markers define SSCs, not many definitive markers exist that are specific for a rare subset of SSCs that self-renew and have the ability to give rise to other progenitors, eventually contributing to all stages of spermatogenesis. In the September 2014 issue of the JCI, Aloisio and colleagues report that PAX7 is a new marker expressed uniquely in a rare subset of SSCs in mouse testes. PAX7+ cells fulfill all the criteria required for bona fide SSCs. Surprisingly, male germline-specific deletion of Pax7 indicates that it is dispensable for spermatogenesis.
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