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Hu D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Lu Z, Li H. Sanqi oral solution ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing fibroblast activation via HIF-1α/PKM2/glycolysis pathway in chronic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118679. [PMID: 39121930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sanqi oral solution (SQ) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine, widely used to treat chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in the clinic in China. Previous studies have confirmed its anti-renal fibrosis effect, but the specific pharmacological mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Focusing on energy metabolism in fibroblasts, the renoprotective mechanism of SQ was investigated in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Firstly, the fingerprint of SQ was constructed and its elementary chemical composition was analyzed. In the 5/6Nx rats experiment, the efficacy of SQ on the kidney was evaluated by detecting serum and urine biochemical indexes and pathological staining of renal tissues. Lactic acid and pyruvic acid levels in serum and renal tissues were detected. PCNA protein expression in kidney tissue was detected by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. Expression levels of HIF-1α, PKM2 and HK2 were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot or RT-qPCR assay. In addition, the effect of SQ intervention on cell proliferation and glycolysis was evaluated in TGF-β1-induced NRK-49F cells, and the role of SQ exposure and HIF-1α/PKM2/glycolysis pathway were further investigated by silencing and overexpressing HIF-1α gene in NRK-49F cells. RESULTS In 5/6 Nx rats, SQ effectively improved renal function and treated renal injury. It reduced the levels of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in kidney homogenates from CKD rats and decreased the expression levels of HIF-1α, PKM2, HK2, α-SMA, vimentin, collagen I and PCNA in kidney tissues. Similar results were observed in vitro. SQ inhibited NRK-49F cell proliferation, glycolysis and the expression levels of HIF-1α, PKM2 induced by TGF-β1. Furthermore, we established NRK-49F cells transfected with siRNA or pDNA to silence or overexpress the HIF-1α gene. Overexpression of HIF-1α promoted cellular secretion of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in TGF-β1-induced NRK-49F cells, however, this change was reversed by intervention with SQ or silencing the HIF-1α gene. Overexpression of HIF-1α can further induce increased PKM2 expression, while SQ intervention can reduce PKM2 expression. Moreover, PKM2 expression was also inhibited after silencing HIF-1α gene, and SQ was not effective even when given. CONCLUSION The mechanism of action of SQ was explored from the perspective of energy metabolism, and it was found to regulate PKM2-activated glycolysis, inhibit fibroblast activation, and further ameliorate renal fibrosis in CKD by targeting HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lixin Wang
- Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xusheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hucai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Yang X, Xin Y, Gu Y, Wang Y, Hu X, Ying G, Zhang Q, He X. Total alkaloids of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx alleviate cisplatin-induced acute renal injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress related to gut microbiota metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156128. [PMID: 39442279 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex and serious clinical issue, representing a major cause of hospital-acquired AKI. Alkaloids are the main active constituents of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx, which exhibit protective effects in several kidney disease models and against other acute organ injuries. However, its activity and mechanism of action in AKI treatment remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate the effect of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (ACA) in a model of cisplain-induced AKI and comprehensively investigate its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The major alkaloids in ACA were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatine levels were measured using automated biochemical instruments. 16S rRNA sequencing, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), non-targeted metabolomics, and transcriptomics were performed to systematically identify prospective biomarkers after ACA treatment. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities were monitored using ELISA and western blotting. RESULTS Four main compounds (fuziline, neoline, talatisamine, and songorine) were identified in ACA. ACA significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced AKI by reducing (BUN) and serum creatine levels and improving histopathological scores. Moreover, ACA balanced cisplatin-mediated confoundments in microbial composition and function, including decreasing the levels of Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus, as well as increasing Ligilactobacillus, Anaerotruncus, Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio levels, accompanied by uremic toxin reduction, and augmenting serum SCFAs. The FMT experiments further confirmed that ACA exerts anti-AKI effects by affecting gut microbiota. A multi-omics study has shown that ACA regulates glutathione and tryptophan metabolism and mediates pathways that trigger inflammatory responses. Finally, ACA reduced serum levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), restored enzymes of the antioxidative system (SOD and CAT) and GSH values, and decreased monoester diterpene alkaloid levels in the kidney by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB pathway-related proteins and increasing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-related protein expression. CONCLUSION ACA protects against cisplatin-induced AKI through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, which may be associated with the restoration of gut microbiota metabolism. ACA is a potential drug for AKI and other forms of organ damage related to the disruption of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Yijing Xin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Yanzhi Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Youlei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Xingjiang Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Guanghui Ying
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, The Branch Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
| | - Xuelin He
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Pang S, Xie B, Feng B, Xu G, Ye Q, Chen X, Ruan L, Chen H, Pan SL, Xue C, Li W. miR-542-5p targets GREM1 to affect the progression of renal fibrosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23818. [PMID: 39180371 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is a typical pathological presentation of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, the precise regulatory mechanisms governing this re-expression process remain unclear. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with RF were screened by microarray analysis using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The miRNAs upstream of the genes in question were predicted using the miRWalk database. The miRNAs involved in the two GEO data sets were intersected to identify key miRNAs; their regulatory pathways were investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Subsequently, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of target miRNA on RF were examined in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced mice renal fibrotic model and a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced tubular epithelium (HK-2) fibrotic cell model. In total, 109 and 32 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the GSE133530 and GSE80247 data sets, respectively. GREM1 was identified as a hub gene, where its 2196 upstream miRNAs were predicted; miR-574-5p was found to be downregulated and closely related to fibrosis after data set intersection and enrichment analyses, thus was selected for further investigation. A differential expression heatmap (GSE162794) showed that miR-542-5p was downregulated. The expression of GREM1 mRNA was upregulated, whereas that of miR-542-5p was downregulated in UUO mice and fibrotic HK-2 cells as compared with the relevant controls. The binding site of miR-542-5p was predicted at the 3'UTR region of GREM1 and was confirmed by subsequent dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blot analysis showed that Gremlin-1 and Fibronectin were significantly upregulated after induction of TGF-β1; when miR-542-5p was overexpressed or GREM1 mRNA was interfered, the upregulations of Gremlin-1 and Fibronectin were significantly reduced. Our research demonstrates that miR-542-5p plays a critical role in the progression of RF, and thus may be a promising therapeutic target for CKD and ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Pang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Boji Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Bingmei Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Guiling Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qinglin Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Liangping Ruan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Huang S, Lu H, Chen J, Jiang C, Jiang G, Maduraiveeran G, Pan Y, Liu J, Deng LE. Advances in drug delivery-based therapeutic strategies for renal fibrosis treatment. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6532-6549. [PMID: 38913013 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the result of all chronic kidney diseases and is becoming a major global health hazard. Currently, traditional treatments for renal fibrosis are difficult to meet clinical needs due to shortcomings such as poor efficacy or highly toxic side effects. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target the kidneys are needed to overcome these shortcomings. Drug delivery can be attained by improving drug stability and addressing controlled release and targeted delivery of drugs in the delivery category. By combining drug delivery technology with nanosystems, controlled drug release and biodistribution can be achieved, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxic cross-wise effects. This review discusses nanomaterial drug delivery strategies reported in recent years. Firstly, the present review describes the mechanisms of renal fibrosis and anti-renal fibrosis drug delivery. Secondly, different nanomaterial drug delivery strategies for the treatment of renal injury and fibrosis are highlighted. Finally, the limitations of these strategies are also discussed. Investigating various anti-renal fibrosis drug delivery strategies reveals the characteristics and therapeutic effects of various novel nanosystem-derived drug delivery approaches. This will serve as a reference for future research on drug delivery strategies for renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Hanqi Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China.
| | - Chengyi Jiang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 78 Wandao Road South, Dongguan, 523059 Guangdong, China.
| | - Govindhan Maduraiveeran
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ying Pan
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Li-Er Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China.
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Li R, Han Q, Li X, Liu X, Jiao W. Natural Product-Derived Phytochemicals for Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:2371. [PMID: 38792236 PMCID: PMC11124286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A (H1N1) viruses are prone to antigenic mutations and are more variable than other influenza viruses. Therefore, they have caused continuous harm to human public health since the pandemic in 2009 and in recent times. Influenza A (H1N1) can be prevented and treated in various ways, such as direct inhibition of the virus and regulation of human immunity. Among antiviral drugs, the use of natural products in treating influenza has a long history, and natural medicine has been widely considered the focus of development programs for new, safe anti-influenza drugs. In this paper, we focus on influenza A (H1N1) and summarize the natural product-derived phytochemicals for influenza A virus (H1N1) prevention and treatment, including marine natural products, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and their derivatives, phenols and their derivatives, polysaccharides, and derivatives of natural products for prevention and treatment of influenza A (H1N1) virus. We further discuss the toxicity and antiviral mechanism against influenza A (H1N1) as well as the druggability of natural products. We hope that this review will facilitate the study of the role of natural products against influenza A (H1N1) activity and provide a promising alternative for further anti-influenza A drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Qianru Han
- Foreign Language Education Department, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou 450064, China;
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (R.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (R.L.); (X.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Tang P, Shen T, Wang H, Zhang R, Zhang X, Li X, Xiao W. Challenges and opportunities for improving the druggability of natural product: Why need drug delivery system? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114955. [PMID: 37269810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive natural products (BNPs) are the marrow of medicinal plants, which are the secondary metabolites of organisms and have been the most famous drug discovery database. Bioactive natural products are famous for their enormous number and great safety in medical applications. However, BNPs are troubled by their poor druggability compared with synthesis drugs and are challenged as medicine (only a few BNPs are applied in clinical settings). In order to find a reasonable solution to improving the druggability of BNPs, this review summarizes their bioactive nature based on the enormous pharmacological research and tries to explain the reasons for the poor druggability of BNPs. And then focused on the boosting research on BNPs loaded drug delivery systems, this review further concludes the advantages of drug delivery systems on the druggability improvement of BNPs from the perspective of their bioactive nature, discusses why BNPs need drug delivery systems, and predicts the next direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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Lu L, Lu J, Chen J, Wang B, Peng H, Peng J, Liu X, Lin F, Xiong G. Biomarker identification and pathway analysis of Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma zedoaria couplet medicines on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats based on metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1103527. [PMID: 37089928 PMCID: PMC10116179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually insidious, and most affected individuals are asymptomatic until the disease becomes advanced. The effective treatment of CKD would rely on the incorporation of multidisciplinary approaches. Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Curcuma zedoaria (CZ) have been widely used in the treatment of CKD. However, the mechanism of AM and CZ in the treatment of CKD is still unclear.Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of AM and CZ on adenine-induced rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism by using metabolomic analysis. Addition of 0.75% adenine to the diet of rats for 3 weeks induced the animal model of CKD. The rats in the treatment group were treated with AM and CZ (2.1 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Blood and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and histological examination. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/Q Exactive HFX mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QE-MS) was applied to analyze metabolic profiling variations in the kidney.Results: The results showed that AM and CZ could significantly reduce serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in CKD rats and alleviate renal pathological injury. By comparing the endogenous components of the normal group and the model group in positive ion mode and negative ion mode, a total of 365 and 155 different metabolites were screened, respectively. A total of 117 and 73 metabolites with significantly different expressions were identified between model group and AM and CZ group in positive ion mode and negative ion mode, respectively. The pivotal pathways affected by AM and CZ included nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Furthermore, significant changes in metabolites in CKD rats after AM and CZ therapies were observed, including L-Threonine, D-pantothenic acid, and nicotinamide. Moreover, we found that AM and CZ significantly reduced renal fibrosis and inflammation in CKD rats, which may be related to the regulation of SIRT1/JNK signaling pathway.Conclusion: In conclusion, AM and CZ significantly reduced renal fibrosis and inflammation in CKD rats, which may be related to the regulation of SIRT1/JNK signaling pathway. Furthermore, L-Threonine, D-pantothenic acid, and nicotinamide may be potential biomarkers for the progression and treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongcheng Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinting Peng
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Lin, ; Guoliang Xiong,
| | - Guoliang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Lin, ; Guoliang Xiong,
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Qiao H, Zhang J, Cheng YC. Preface: Phyto-derived nanomedicines for therapeutics, imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114668. [PMID: 36503066 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Davoodi S, Ebrahimpour-Malekshah R, Ayna Ö, Akbari M, Raoofi A, Mokhtari H, Izanlu M, Modanloo F, Nasiry D. Decellularized human amniotic membrane engraftment in combination with adipose-derived stem cells transplantation, synergistically improved diabetic wound healing. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6939-6950. [PMID: 36117495 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most important and common complications of diabetes is a disorder and defect in diabetic wound healing. AIMS The aim of present study was to investigate the synergistic effects of decellularized human amniotic membrane (dHAM) engraftment and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSs) transplantation in the healing of delayed and ischemic diabetic wound. METHODS Sixty diabetic male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15), including untreated (Control) group, engraftment by dHAM (dHAM) group, transplanted by ADSs (ADS) group, and engraftment by dHAM plus transplanted by ADSs (dHAM + ADS) group. Sampling was performed on Days 7, 14, and 21 after surgery. Evaluation tests included stereology, immunohistochemistry, molecular, and biomechanical. RESULTS Our results showed that the wound closure rate, volumes of newly formed epidermis and dermis, density of fibroblasts and blood vessels, collagen deposition, density of proliferation cells, expression levels of TGF-β and VEGF genes, and biomechanical characteristics were significantly higher in all treated groups compared with control group; however, these changes were considerable in the combination group. This is while that the density of neutrophils and expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β genes in the treated groups, especially in the combination group, were significantly reduced compared with control group. CONCLUSION Generally, the simultaneous use of dHAM and ADS accelerates healing and improves the quality of repaired diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Davoodi
- Department of Dermatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ömer Ayna
- Department of Dermatology, Kiev Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Mitra Akbari
- Eye Research Center, Department of Eye, Amiralmomenin Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular research center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hossein Mokhtari
- Amol Faculty of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mostafa Izanlu
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Modanloo
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Nasiry
- Amol Faculty of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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10
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Natural polysaccharides as potential anti-fibrotic agents: A review of their progress. Life Sci 2022; 308:120953. [PMID: 36103957 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis, as a common disease which could be found in nearly all organs, is normally initiated by organic injury and eventually ended in cellular dysfunction and organ failure. Currently, effective and safe therapeutic strategies targeting fibrogenesis still in highly demand. Natural polysaccharides derived from natural resources possess promising anti-fibrosis potential, with no deleterious side effects. Based on the etiology and pathogenesis of fibrosis, this review summarizes the intervention effects and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides in the prevention and treatment of fibrosis. Natural polysaccharides are able to regulate each phase of the fibrogenic response, including primary injury to organs, activation of effector cells, the elaboration of extracellular matrix (ECM) and dynamic deposition. In addition, polysaccharides significantly reduce fibrosis levels in multiple organs including heart, lung, liver and kidney. The investigation of the pathogenesis of fibrosis indicates that mechanisms including the inhibition of TGF-β/Smad, NF-κB, HMGB1/TLR4, cAMP/PKA signaling pathways, MMPs/TIMPs system as well as microRNAs are promising therapeutic targets. Natural polysaccharides can target these mediators or pathways to alleviate fibrosis. The information reviewed here offer new insights into the understanding the protective role of natural polysaccharides against fibrosis, help design further experimental studies related to polysaccharides and fibrotic responses, and shed light on a potential treatment for fibrosis.
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11
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Li YY, Tian ZH, Pan GH, Zhao P, Pan DJ, Zhang JQ, Ye LY, Zhang FR, Xu XD. Heidihuangwan alleviates renal fibrosis in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy by inhibiting autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977284. [PMID: 36160409 PMCID: PMC9503832 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathway for the progression of various chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and the formation and deterioration will eventually lead to end-stage renal failure, which brings a heavy medical burden to the world. HeidihuangWan (HDHW) is a herbal formulation with stable and reliable clinical efficacy in the treatment of renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism of HDHW in treating renal fibrosis is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of HDHW to improve renal fibrosis. Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, 5/6 Nephrectomy group, astragaloside IV (AS-IV) group, HDHW group, and HDHW + IGF-1R inhibitor (JB1) group. Except for the normal control group, the rat renal fibrosis model was established by 5/6 nephrectomy and intervened with drugs for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected to evaluate renal function. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Modified Masson’s Trichrome (Masson) staining were used to evaluate the pathological renal injury, and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the protein expression of renal tissue. The results showed that HDHW was effective in improving renal function and reducing renal pathological damage. HDHW down-regulated the levels of fibrosis marker proteins, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, and transforming growth factors–β(TGF-β), which in turn reduced renal fibrosis. Further studies showed that HDHW down-regulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 and LC3II, indicating that HDHW inhibited autophagy. In addition, we examined the activity of the class I phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/mTOR pathway, an important signaling pathway regulating autophagy, and the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), an upstream activator of PI3K/Akt/mTOR. HDHW upregulated the expression of IGF-1 and activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which may be a vital pathway for its inhibition of autophagy. Application of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor further confirmed that the regulation of autophagy and renal fibrosis by HDHW was associated with IGF-1-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, our study showed that HDHW inhibited autophagy by upregulating IGF-1 expression, promoting the binding of IGF-1 to IGF-1R, and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby reducing renal fibrosis and protecting renal function. This study provides support for the application and further study of HDHW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Li
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Tian
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Tai’an City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tai’an, China
| | - De-Jun Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jun-Qing Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Ying Ye
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fa-Rong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Fa-Rong Zhang, ; Xiang-Dong Xu,
| | - Xiang-Dong Xu
- Experimental Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Fa-Rong Zhang, ; Xiang-Dong Xu,
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12
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Qiu Z, Zhong Z, Zhang Y, Tan H, Deng B, Meng G. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-335-5p attenuates the inflammation and tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells by reducing ADAM19 protein levels. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:373. [PMID: 35902972 PMCID: PMC9330665 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (EMT) plays a key role in the regulation of renal fibrosis. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) play a crucial role in alleviating renal fibrosis and injury. Additionally, hucMSC-derived exosomes contain numerous microRNAs (miRNAs). However, it is unclear whether mesenchymal stem cells can regulate the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT of human renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) through exosomal miRNAs. METHOD HK-2, a human RTEC line, was co-treated with TGF-β1 and hucMSC-derived exosomes. Additionally, TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells were transfected with a miR-335-5p mimic and disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 19 (ADAM19)-overexpression plasmid. miR-335-5p expression and ADAM19 protein and inflammation levels were measured via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. RESULTS TGF-β1 treatment changed the shape of HK-2 cells from a cobblestone morphology to a long spindle shape, accompanied by an increase in interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, collagen I, collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and N-cadherin protein levels, whereas E-cadherin protein levels were reduced in these HK-2 cells, suggesting that TGF-β1 treatment induced the inflammation and EMT of HK-2 cells. HucMSC-exosomes improved the inflammation and EMT phenotype of TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells by transferring miR-335-5p. miR-335-5p was found to bind the ADAM19 3'-untranslated region to reduce ADAM19 protein levels. Additionally, miR-335-5p improved the inflammation and EMT phenotype of HK-2 cells by reducing ADAM19 protein levels with TGF-β1 induction. CONCLUSIONS HucMSC-derived exosomal miR-335-5p attenuates the inflammation and EMT of HK-2 cells by reducing ADAM19 protein levels upon TGF-β1 induction. This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy and identifies targets for clinically treating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China.
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Yuehan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Haoling Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Guohuang Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China
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13
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Gao ZR, Feng YZ, Zhao YQ, Zhao J, Zhou YH, Ye Q, Chen Y, Tan L, Zhang SH, Feng Y, Hu J, Ou-Yang ZY, Dusenge MA, Guo Y. Traditional Chinese medicine promotes bone regeneration in bone tissue engineering. Chin Med 2022; 17:86. [PMID: 35858928 PMCID: PMC9297608 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising method for the repair of difficult-to-heal bone tissue damage by providing three-dimensional structures for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been introduced as an effective global medical program by the World Health Organization, comprising intricate components, and promoting bone regeneration by regulating multiple mechanisms and targets. This study outlines the potential therapeutic capabilities of TCM combined with BTE in bone regeneration. The effective active components promoting bone regeneration can be generally divided into flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, and polyphenols, among others. The chemical structures of the monomers, their sources, efficacy, and mechanisms are described. We summarize the use of compounds and medicinal parts of TCM to stimulate bone regeneration. Finally, the limitations and prospects of applying TCM in BTE are introduced, providing a direction for further development of novel and potential TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Yue Ou-Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Marie Aimee Dusenge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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14
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Zhao Y, Li X, Wang F, Huang S, Du H, Li S, Chen J. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification Strategies to Illustrate the Mechanism of Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Formula in Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873023. [PMID: 35656312 PMCID: PMC9152215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been recommended to treat renal fibrosis for decades. Previous studies had shown that JPYSF could inhibit epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important regulatory role in renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism of JPYSF action is largely unknown. In this study, network pharmacology and experimental verification were combined to elucidate and identify the potential mechanism of JPYSF against renal fibrosis by suppressing EMT at molecular and pathway levels. Network pharmacology was first performed to explore the mechanism of JPYSF against renal fibrosis targeting EMT, and then a 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx)-induced rat model of renal fibrosis was selected to verify the predictive results by Masson’s trichrome stains and western blot analysis. Two hundred and thirty-two compounds in JPYSF were selected for the network approach analysis, which identified 137 candidate targets of JPYSF and 4,796 known therapeutic targets of EMT. The results of the Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis included 2098, 88, and 133 GO terms for biological processes (BPs), molecular functions (MFs), and cell component entries, respectively. The top 10 enrichment items of BP annotations included a response to a steroid hormone, a metal ion, oxygen levels, and so on. Cellular composition (CC) is mainly enriched in membrane raft, membrane microdomain, membrane region, etc. The MF of JPYSF analysis on EMT was predominately involved in proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, protein heterodimerization activity, RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding, and so on. The involvement signaling pathway of JPYSF in the treatment of renal fibrosis targeting EMT was associated with anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, podocyte protection, and metabolism regulation. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments confirmed that JPYSF effectively ameliorated interstitial fibrosis and inhibited the overexpression of α-SMA, Wnt3a, and β-catenin, and increased the expression of E-cadherin by wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway in 5/6 Nx-induced renal fibrosis rats. Using an integrative network pharmacology-based approach and experimental verification, the study showed that JPYSF had therapeutic effects on EMT by regulating multi-pathway, among which one proven pathway was the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings provide insights into the renoprotective effects of JPYSF against EMT, which could suggest directions for further research of JPYSF in attenuating renal fibrosis by suppressing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangbin Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Longgang), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fochang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanqian Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Wang C, Wu S, Li J, Ma Y, Huang Y, Fang N. Bioinformatics analysis of the potential regulatory mechanisms of renal fibrosis and the screening and identification of factors related to human renal fibrosis. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 11:859-866. [PMID: 35812190 PMCID: PMC9262747 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper aimed to identify the key genes and potential mechanisms of renal fibrosis, and provide methods of evaluation and new ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of renal fibrosis. Methods The GSE102515 dataset was searched from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was searched, the differential genes were screened out, and the down-regulated and up-regulated genes were identified. Enrichment analysis of differential genes in the development of renal fibrosis was carried out using the DAVID database, differential genes were analyzed using the STRING database, and Cytoscape software was used for visual processing. Results Eighteen up-regulated genes and ten down-regulated genes were screened. Differential genes are mainly involved in the integrin-mediated signaling pathway and mitotic sister chromatid binding, etc. We found that the molecular functions (MFs) of the differential genes are phospholipid binding and regulatory region DNA binding, etc. Moreover, the cellular components (CCs) of the differential genes are mainly related to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and nuclei. Screening revealed that ADM, ARRB1, AVPR2, CCR1, MTNR1A, PTH, and S1PR2 were core genes in the interaction network of renal fibrosis risk-related proteins. Conclusions In this study, the differential genes in the occurrence of renal fibrosis were screened out via dataset analysis. It was found that ADM, ARRB1, AVPR2, CCR1, MTNR1A, PTH, and S1PR2 may be important participants in the development of renal fibrosis, which provides analytical support for the identification of valuable markers of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cixiao Wang
- Department of Nephrology-2, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Department of Nephrology-1, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of General Practice, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuexian Ma
- Department of Nephrology-2, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youqun Huang
- Department of Nephrology-2, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Endocrine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
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16
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Ren L, Li F, Di Z, Xiong Y, Zhang S, Ma Q, Bian X, Lang Z, Ye Q, Wang Y. Estradiol Ameliorates Acute Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting the TGF-βRI-SMAD Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822604. [PMID: 35281024 PMCID: PMC8907449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is less extensive in females than males in both animals and humans; however, this protection diminishes after menopause, suggesting that estrogen plays a pivotal role in IRI, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Our study found that 45 min of warm ischemia was sufficient to induce significant pathological changes without causing death in model animals. Compared with male rats, female rats exhibited less extensive apoptosis, kidney injury, and fibrosis; these effects were worsened in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and ameliorated upon estradiol (E2) supplementation. Furthermore, the levels of TGF-βRI, but not TGF-βRII or TGF-β1, were significantly increased in OVX rats, accompanied by phosphorylated SMAD2/3 activation. Interestingly, the alteration trend of the nuclear ERα level was opposite that of TGF-βRI. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that ERα could bind to the promoter region of TGF-βRI and negatively regulate its mRNA expression. Moreover, an in vitro study using NRK-52E cells showed that ERα knockdown blocked E2-mediated protection, while TGF-βRI knockdown protected cells against hypoxic insult. The findings of this study suggest that renal IRI is closely related to the TGF-βRI-SMAD pathway in females and that E2 exert its protective effect via the ERα-mediated transcriptional inhibition of TGF-βRI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Ren
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China.,Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyang Di
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoen Bian
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Lang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
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17
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Liao C, Chen G, Yang Q, Liu Y, Zhou T. Potential Therapeutic Effect and Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824752. [PMID: 35359447 PMCID: PMC8961868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is central pathological pathway for kidney diseases, with the main pathological features being the aberrant accumulation of myofibroblasts that produce accumulation of extracellular matrix in the renal interstitium and glomeruli. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with RF. Current treatment strategies for RF are ineffective. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to be able to treat organ fibrosis including RF, but they have some safety problems, such as cell rejection, carcinogenicity, and virus contamination, which limit the application of MSCs. However, current studies have found that MSCs may exert their therapeutic effect by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-EVs can transfer functional proteins and genetic material directly to the recipient cells. As non-cell membrane structures, MSC-EVs have the advantages of low immunogenicity, easy preservation, and artificial modification, but do not have the characteristics of self-replication and ectopic differentiation. Therefore, EVs are safer than MSCs for treatment, but might be less effective than MSCs. Recent studies have also found that MSC-EVs can improve renal function and pathological changes of RF. Thus, this review summarizes the therapeutic effect of MSC-EVs on RF and the mechanisms that have been discovered so far, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further study of the role of MSC-EVs in treating RF diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | | | | | | | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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