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Pavlova M, Balaiya V, Flores JC, Ferreyros M, Bush K, Hopkin A, Kogut I, Roop DR, Bilousova G. The Development of an Advanced Model for Multilayer Human Skin Reconstruction In Vivo. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4919. [PMID: 38268973 PMCID: PMC10804244 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human skin reconstruction on immune-deficient mice has become indispensable for in vivo studies performed in basic research and translational laboratories. Further advancements in making sustainable, prolonged skin equivalents to study new therapeutic interventions rely on reproducible models utilizing patient-derived cells and natural three-dimensional culture conditions mimicking the structure of living skin. Here, we present a novel step-by-step protocol for grafting human skin cells onto immunocompromised mice that requires low starting cell numbers, which is essential when primary patient cells are limited for modeling skin conditions. The core elements of our method are the sequential transplantation of fibroblasts followed by keratinocytes seeded into a fibrin-based hydrogel in a silicone chamber. We optimized the fibrin gel formulation, timing for gel polymerization in vivo, cell culture conditions, and seeding density to make a robust and efficient grafting protocol. Using this approach, we can successfully engraft as few as 1.0 × 106 fresh and 2.0 × 106 frozen-then-thawed keratinocytes per 1.4 cm2 of the wound area. Additionally, it was concluded that a successful layer-by-layer engraftment of skin cells in vivo could be obtained without labor-intensive and costly methodologies such as bioprinting or engineering complex skin equivalents. Key features • Expands upon the conventional skin chamber assay method (Wang et al., 2000) to generate high-quality skin grafts using a minimal number of cultured skin cells. • The proposed approach allows the use of frozen-then-thawed keratinocytes and fibroblasts in surgical procedures. • This system holds promise for evaluating the functionality of skin cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and replicating various skin phenotypes. • The entire process, from thawing skin cells to establishing the graft, requires 54 days. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Pavlova
- Department of Dermatology, Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Velmurugan Balaiya
- Department of Dermatology, Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jocelyn C. Flores
- Department of Dermatology, Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Ferreyros
- Department of Dermatology, Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Igor Kogut
- Department of Dermatology, Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dennis R. Roop
- Department of Dermatology, Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ganna Bilousova
- Department of Dermatology, Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Nilforoushzadeh MA, Khodaverdi Darian E, Afzali H, Amirkhani MA, Razzaghi M, Naser R, Amiri AB, Alimohammadi A, Nikkhah N, Zare S. Role of Cultured Skin Fibroblasts in Regenerative Dermatology. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:1463-1471. [PMID: 35676559 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The skin, as the largest organ, covers the entire outer part of the body, and since this organ is directly exposed to microbial, thermal, mechanical and chemical damage, it may be destroyed by factors such as acute trauma, chronic wounds or even surgical interventions. Cell therapy is one of the most important procedures to treat skin lesions. Fibroblasts are cells that are responsible for the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and the organization of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and have many vital functions in wound healing processes. Today, cultured autologous fibroblasts are used to treat wrinkles, scars, wounds and subcutaneous atrophy. The results of many studies have shown that fibroblasts can be effective and beneficial in the treatment of skin lesions. On the other hand, skin substitutes are used as a regenerative model to improve and regenerate the skin. The use of these alternatives, restorative medicine and therapeutic cells such as fibroblasts has tremendous potential in the treatment of skin diseases and can be a new window for the treatment of diseases with no definitive treatment. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description ofthese Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Khodaverdi Darian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamideh Afzali
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Naser
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Behtash Amiri
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Alimohammadi
- Forensic Medicine Specialist, Research Center of Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Nikkhah
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Zare
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dolbashid AS, Mokhtar MS, Muhamad F, Ibrahim F. Potential applications of human artificial skin and electronic skin (e-skin): a review. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.17.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asdani Saifullah Dolbashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mas Sahidayana Mokhtar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farina Muhamad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fernandes IR, Russo FB, Pignatari GC, Evangelinellis MM, Tavolari S, Muotri AR, Beltrão-Braga PCB. Fibroblast sources: Where can we get them? Cytotechnology 2016; 68:223-8. [PMID: 25060709 PMCID: PMC4754245 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are cells widely used in cell culture, both for transient primary cell culture or permanent as transformed cell lines. Lately, fibroblasts become cell sources for use in disease modeling after cell reprogramming because it is easily accessible in the body. Fibroblasts in patients will maintain all genetic background during reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells. In spite of their large use, fibroblasts are obtained after an invasive procedure, a superficial punch skin biopsy, collected under patient's local anesthesia. Taking into consideration the minimum patient's discomfort during and after the biopsy procedure, as well as the aesthetics aspect, it is essential to reflect on the best site of the body for the biopsy procedure combined with the success of getting robust fibroblast cultures in the lab. For this purpose, we compared the efficiency of four biopsy sites of the body (skin from eyelid, back of the ear, abdominal cesarean scar and groin). Cell proliferation assays and viability after cryopreservation were measured. Our results revealed that scar tissue provided fibroblasts with higher proliferative rates. Also, fibroblasts from scar tissues presented a higher viability after the thawing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Fernandes
- Stem Cell Lab, Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, 87 Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Av, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr Arnaldo Av., São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - F B Russo
- Stem Cell Lab, Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, 87 Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Av, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr Arnaldo Av., São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - G C Pignatari
- Stem Cell Lab, Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, 87 Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Av, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr Arnaldo Av., São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - M M Evangelinellis
- Stem Cell Lab, Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, 87 Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Av, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr Arnaldo Av., São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - S Tavolari
- Stem Cell Lab, Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, 87 Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Av, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - A R Muotri
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, MC 0695, USA
| | - P C B Beltrão-Braga
- Stem Cell Lab, Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, 87 Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Av, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr Arnaldo Av., São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
- Obstetrics Department, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, 100 Arlindo Betio Av, São Paulo, 03828-100, Brazil.
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