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Li Z, Sun X, Pan J, Wang T, Li Y, Li X, Hou S. Combining No-Tillage with Hairy Vetch Return Improves Production and Nitrogen Utilization in Silage Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2084. [PMID: 39124202 PMCID: PMC11313950 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The combination of no-till farming and green manure is key to nourishing the soil and increasing crop yields. However, it remains unclear how to enhance the efficiency of green manure under no-till conditions. We conducted a two-factor field trial of silage maize rotated with hairy vetch to test the effects of tillage methods and returning. Factor 1 is the type of tillage, which is divided into conventional ploughing and no-tillage; factor 2 is the different ways of returning hairy vetch as green manure, which were also compared: no return (NM), stubble return (H), mulching (HM), turnover (HR, for CT only), and live coverage (LM, for NT only). Our findings indicate that different methods of returning hairy vetch to the field will improve maize yield and quality. The best results were obtained in CT and NT in HM and LM, respectively. Specifically, HM resulted in the highest dry matter quality and yield, with improvements of 35.4% and 31.9% over NM under CT, respectively. It also demonstrated the best economic and net energy performance. However, other treatments had no significant effect on the beneficial utilization and return of nutrients. The LM improved yields under NT by boosting soil enzyme activity, promoting nitrogen transformation and accumulation, and increasing nitrogen use efficiency for better kernel development. Overall, NTLM is best at utilizing and distributing soil nutrients and increasing silage maize yield. This finding supports the eco-efficient cultivation approach in silage maize production in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Xingrong Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Jie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Rapeseed Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, China;
| | - Yuan Li
- Grasslands and Sustainable Farming, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Halolantie 31A, FI-71750 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Xiuting Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuai Hou
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.S.); (X.L.)
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2
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Govednik A, Eler K, Mihelič R, Suhadolc M. Mineral and organic fertilisation influence ammonia oxidisers and denitrifiers and nitrous oxide emissions in a long-term tillage experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172054. [PMID: 38569950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from different agricultural systems have been studied extensively to understand the mechanisms underlying their formation. While a number of long-term field experiments have focused on individual agricultural practices in relation to N2O emissions, studies on the combined effects of multiple practices are lacking. This study evaluated the effect of different tillage [no-till (NT) vs. conventional plough tillage (CT)] in combination with fertilisation [mineral (MIN), compost (ORG), and unfertilised control (CON)] on seasonal N2O emissions and the underlying N-cycling microbial community in one maize growing season. Rainfall events after fertilisation, which resulted in increased soil water content, were the main triggers of the observed N2O emission peaks. The highest cumulative emissions were measured in MIN fertilisation, followed by ORG and CON fertilisation. In the period after the first fertilisation CT resulted in higher cumulative emissions than NT, while no significant effect of tillage was observed cumulatively across the entire season. A higher genetic potential for N2O emissions was observed under NT than CT, as indicated by an increased (nirK + nirS)/(nosZI + nosZII) ratio. The mentioned ratio under NT decreased in the order CON > MIN > ORG, indicating a higher N2O consumption potential in the NT-ORG treatment, which was confirmed in terms of cumulative emissions. The AOB/16S ratio was strongly affected by fertilisation and was higher in the MIN than in the ORG and CON treatments, regardless of the tillage system. Multiple regression has revealed that this ratio is one of the most important variables explaining cumulative N2O emissions, possibly reflecting the role of bacterial ammonia oxidisers in minerally fertilised soil. Although the AOB/16S ratio aligned well with the measured N2O emissions in our experimental field, the higher genetic potential for denitrification expressed by the (nirK + nirS)/(nosZI + nosZII) ratio in NT than CT was not realized in the form of increased emissions. Our results suggest that organic fertilisation in combination with NT shows a promising combination for mitigating N2O emissions; however, addressing the yield gap is necessary before incorporating it in recommendations for farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Govednik
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Eler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Mihelič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Suhadolc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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N.H. Sarjuni M, A.M. Dolit S, K. Khamis A, Abd-Aziz N, R. Azman N, A. Asli U. Regenerating Soil Microbiome: Balancing Microbial CO 2 Sequestration and Emission. CARBON SEQUESTRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbiome plays a significant role in soil’s ecosystem for soils to be physically and biologically healthy. Soil health is fundamental for plant growth and crops productivity. In the introduction part, the roles and dynamics of the microbial community in soils, primarily in the cycle of soil organic carbon and CO2 release and absorption, are deliberated. Next, the impact of crop management practices and climate change on the soil carbon balance are described, as well as other issues related to soil degradation, such as unbalanced nutrient recycling and mineral weathering. In response to these issues, various approaches to soil regeneration have been developed in order to foster an efficient and active soil microbiome, thereby balancing the CO2 cycle and carbon sequestration in the soil ecosystem.
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4
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Li Z, Zhang Q, Li Z, Qiao Y, Du K, Tian C, Zhu N, Leng P, Yue Z, Cheng H, Chen G, Li F. Effects of no-tillage on greenhouse gas emissions in maize fields in a semi-humid temperate climate region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119747. [PMID: 35835280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural tillage practices have a significant impact on the generation and consumption of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the primary causes of global warming. Two tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), were compared to evaluate their effects on GHG emissions in this study. Averaged from 2018 to 2020, significant decreases of CO2 and N2O emissions by 7.4% and 51.1% were observed in NT as compared to those of CT. NT was also found to inhibit the soil CH4 uptake. In this study, soil was a source of CO2 and N2O but a sink for CH4. The effect of soil temperature on the fluxes of CO2 was more pronounced than that of soil moisture. However, soil temperature and soil moisture had a weak correlation with CH4 and N2O flux variations. As compared to CT, NT did not affect maize yields but significantly reduced global warming potential (GWP) by 8.07%. For yield-scaled GWP, no significant difference was observed in NT (9.63) and CT (10.71). Taken together, NT was an environment-friendly tillage practice to mitigate GHG emissions in the soil under the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Du
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifang Leng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zewei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Fadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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5
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Evaluating Gas Emissions from Different Feed Cropping Systems in the North China Plain: A Two-Year Field Measurement. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The cultivation of silage crops is encouraged to enhance the connection between crop and livestock production in the North China Plain (NCP). A field experiment was designed to evaluate the ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions of five silage cropping systems, including triticale-summer maize (Tr-SuM), triticale-spring maize (Tr-SpM), triticale-double forage maize (Tr-DFM), double forage maize (DFM), and winter wheat-summer maize (WW-SuM), as well as their biomass- and crude protein-scaled emission intensities, with respect to NH3 and greenhouse gas (GHG). The annual nitrogen (N) emissions through NH3, N2O, and CH4 emissions of these systems were 13.43–23.77 kg ha−1 (4.2–5.6% of N fertilizer input), 3.43–4.56 kg ha−1 (0.75–1.08% of N fertilizer input) and 2.10–2.85 kg ha−1, respectively. The total GHG emissions of these systems was dominated by the contributions of N2O. Ranking these systems according to their biomass and crude protein production gave Tr-DFM > DFM > WW-SuM > Tr-SuM and Tr-SpM, their partial factor productivity was in the order of Tr-DFM > WW-SuM > Tr-SuM and Tr-SpM > DFM, and the order of their emission intensity was DFM > Tr-SuM > Tr-DFM > WW-SuM > Tr-SpM. In conclusion, the Tr-DFM needs to be further investigated for its suitability in the NCP, owing to its superior productivity and moderate emission intensities.
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Bleken MA, Rittl TF, Nadeem S, Hansen S. Roots and other residues from leys with or without red clover: Quality and effects on N 2O emission factors in a partly frozen soil following autumn ploughing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154582. [PMID: 35367262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Revised IPCC guidelines assume that a constant share of N in decomposing crop residues is directly emitted as N2O (emission factor: EFN2O), and calculate the amount of nitrogen (N) in non-removable residues of temporary grasslands proportionally to the average annual herbage yield. However, EFN2O depends on the intrinsic quality of the residues and their interactions with environmental conditions. Only a few field studies on N2O emissions from grassland renewal are available, and none have simultaneously quantified the N amount and quality of non-removable residues (roots and stubble). To gain insight into the effect of non-removable residue quality on EFN2O, we studied the amount and quality of roots and stubble and their effect on EFN2O following the ploughing of three-year-old swards. The measured amount of N in non-removable residues was approximately 20, 25, and 31 kg N per 1 Mg average annual dry matter yield in grass, red clover-grass, and red clover, and 70-83% of it was below ground. However, the EFN2O of non-removable residues measured over 252 days was lower (0.24%, SE = 14% for grass and red clover-grass) than the IPCC default value (0.6%, CV: 50%) for wet regions, although within the uncertainty margin, and was significantly lower than the EFN2O of incorporated herbage, which was related to differences in EFCO2. We advocate for more specific studies that separate the effects of belowground and aboveground residues (AGR), considering the possibility of simplifying the accounting of N2O emissions from belowground residues while improving that of non-removable AGR from temporary grasslands and other green crops. We observed the accumulation of N2O in the frozen soil under snow, which was released during diurnal percolation of meltwater. N2O emissions from frozen soil accounted for 30% or more of the total emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Azzaroli Bleken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Tatiana Francischinelli Rittl
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Presently Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway..
| | - Shahid Nadeem
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Sissel Hansen
- Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway..
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7
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Li Z, Zhang Q, Qiao Y, Du K, Li Z, Tian C, Zhu N, Leng P, Yue Z, Cheng H, Chen G, Li F. Evaluation of no-tillage impacts on soil respiration by 13C-isotopic signature in North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153852. [PMID: 35181367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenge to characterize soil respiration of crop residue return systems in the North China Plain (NCP) under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) practices. In this study, we addressed the "hot spot" research challenge of impacts of tillage practices on soil carbon storage and soil CO2 emissions in the NCP by 13C-isotopic signature. A short-term (2018-2020) field experiment was conducted with two tillage practices: NT and CT. The results showed that in the tested area, NT had advantages of lower CO2 emissions compared to CT with average reduced CO2 emissions by 10.82%-19.14%. The results of this study suggested that the NT facilitated enhanced soil carbon storage by 2.80%, which was evidenced by the δ13C data. Based on the path analysis model, the main line of soil respiration reduced by NT was attributed to the increased of soil microbial carbon and nitrogen as well as soil moisture in NT, which further increased δ13C and eventually inhibited soil respiration. Overall, adopting NT in NCP is an effective means to improve soil carbon pool and decrease soil CO2 emissions in agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yucheng Shandong Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yunfeng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yucheng Shandong Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Du
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yucheng Shandong Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yucheng Shandong Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yucheng Shandong Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yucheng Shandong Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifang Leng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yucheng Shandong Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zewei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yucheng Shandong Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Fadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Yucheng Shandong Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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8
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Pu C, Chen JS, Wang HD, Virk AL, Zhao X, Zhang HL. Greenhouse gas emissions from the wheat-maize cropping system under different tillage and crop residue management practices in the North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153089. [PMID: 35038532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With increasing attention being placed on mitigating global warming and achieving agricultural sustainable intensification, conservation agriculture practices have gradually been implemented in the North China Plain (NCP). However, there are still knowledge gaps on the effects of conservation practices on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in this area. In this study, a four-year field experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2018 to assess the effects of tillage and crop residue management practices on the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Subsequently, crop yields, area-scaled and yield-scaled total non-carbon dioxide (CO2) GHG emissions were assessed. Our research found that no-till (NT) decreased N2O emissions by 22.6% compared with conventional tillage (CT) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seasons, but there was no difference between tillage practices in summer maize (Zea mays L.) seasons. Crop residue retention practice (+R) increased N2O emissions by 28.1% and 26.7% compared with residue removal practice (-R) in winter wheat and summer maize seasons, respectively. The NT soils took up more CH4 compared with the CT soils in summer maize seasons. Area-scaled total non-CO2 GHG emissions showed trends similar to those of N2O emission. Since crop residue retention improved the maize yield compared with the residue removal treatments, yield-scaled total non-CO2 GHGs emission did not differ between residue management practices in summer maize seasons. Our four-year field measurements indicated that no-till practice could be more useful as an option to mitigate non-CO2 GHG emissions in the wheat - maize cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China
| | - Jin-Sai Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hao-Di Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, PR China
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9
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Management of a Mediterranean Forage/Cereal-Based Cropping System: An Ecosystem Service Multisectoral Analysis in the Perspective of Climate Change. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Within Mediterranean cropping systems, legume forage crops that last up to 6 years or more (e.g., alfalfa) are replaced with cereal crops (e.g., wheat). The change from forage to cereal crops has negative climate and environmental impacts that must be addressed with mitigation actions. This study evaluated the synergies and tradeoffs between the ecosystem services provided by three management systems after forage legume. A field trial was set up from October 2017 to September 2019 on a 6-year-old alfalfa field subjected to the following management systems: (i) alfalfa termination followed by wheat for 2 years (WW, control); (ii) alfalfa termination followed by single amendment with 60 Mg ha−1 recalcitrant biochar and then by wheat for 2 years (WWB60); and (iii) extension of alfalfa for 2 years (AEXT). A range of regulating, supporting, and provisioning ecosystem services were assessed during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. The results highlight that WWB60 can guarantee carbon sequestration without causing tradeoffs with other services, while AEXT can enhance soil conservation while not increasing soil greenhouse gas emissions. Future policies should support the WWB60 system if the goal is to increase the supporting services. Conversely, the AEXT system should be used if the goal is to increase the regulating and provisioning services.
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10
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Arndt KA, Campbell EE, Dorich CD, Grandy AS, Griffin TS, Ingraham P, Perry A, Varner RK, Contosta AR. Initial soil conditions outweigh management in a cool-season dairy farm's carbon sequestration potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152195. [PMID: 34890668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pastures and rangelands are a dominant portion of global agricultural land and have the potential to sequester carbon (C) in soils, mitigating climate change. Management intensive grazing (MIG), or high density grazing with rotations through paddocks with long rest periods, has been highlighted as a method of enhancing soil C in pastures by increasing forage production. However, few studies have examined the soil C storage potential of pastures under MIG in the northeastern United States, where the dairy industry comprises a large portion of agricultural use and the regional agricultural economy. Here we present a 12-year study conducted in this region using a combination of field data and the denitrification and decomposition (DNDCv9.5) model to analyze changes in soil C and nitrogen (N) over time, and the climate impacts as they relate to soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes. Field measurements showed: (1) increases in soil C in grazed fields under MIG (P = 0.03) with no significant increase in hayed fields (P = 0.55); and (2) that the change in soil C was negatively correlated to initial soil C content (P = 0.006). Modeled simulations also showed fields that started with relatively less soil C had significant gains in C over the course of the study, with no significant change in fields with higher initial levels of soil C. Sensitivity analyses showed the physiochemical status of soils (i.e., soil C and clay content) had greater influence over C storage than the intensity of grazing. More extensive grazing methods showed very little change in soil C storage or CO2 and N2O fluxes with modeled continuous grazing trending towards declines in soil C. Our study highlights the importance of considering both initial system conditions as well as management when analyzing the potential for long-term soil C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Arndt
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | - Eleanor E Campbell
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Chris D Dorich
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Warner College of Natural Resources, 200 West Lake, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; University of New Hampshire, Department of Earth Science, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - A Stuart Grandy
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Timothy S Griffin
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Peter Ingraham
- Applied GeoSolutions, 55 Main St Suite 125, Newmarket, NH 03857, United States of America
| | - Apryl Perry
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA; University of New Hampshire, Department of Earth Science, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Ruth K Varner
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA; University of New Hampshire, Department of Earth Science, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Alexandra R Contosta
- University of New Hampshire, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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11
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Moulton-Brown CE, Feng T, Kumar SS, Xu L, Dytham C, Helgason T, Cooper JM, Moir JWB. Long-term fertilization and tillage regimes have limited effects on structuring bacterial and denitrifier communities in a sandy loam UK soil. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:298-308. [PMID: 34913554 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Denitrification causes loss of available nitrogen from soil systems, thereby reducing crop productivity and increasing reliance on agrochemicals. The dynamics of denitrification and denitrifying communities are thought to be altered by land management practices, which affect the physicochemical properties of the soil. In this study, we look at the effects of long-term tillage and fertilization regimes on arable soils following 16 years of treatment in a factorial field trial. By studying the bacterial community composition based on 16S rRNA amplicons, absolute bacterial abundance and diversity of denitrification functional genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ), under conditions of minimum/conventional tillage and organic/synthetic mineral fertilizer, we tested how specific land management histories affect the diversity and distribution of both bacteria and denitrification genes. Bacterial and denitrifier communities were largely unaffected by land management history and clustered predominantly by spatial location, indicating that the variability in bacterial community composition in these arable soils is governed by innate environmental differences and Euclidean distance rather than agricultural management intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianer Feng
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Shreiya Shivagni Kumar
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luxi Xu
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Calvin Dytham
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | | | - Julia M Cooper
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James W B Moir
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
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12
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Zero Tillage Systems Conserve Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Enhancing Soil Glomalin and Water Stable Aggregates with Implications for Soil Stability. SOIL SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with approximately 80% of terrestrial plant species, while producing the glycoprotein glomalin as a structural support molecule along their mycelial network. Glomalin confers two benefits for soils: (1) acting as a carbon and nitrogen storage molecule; (2) the binding of soil microaggregates (<250 µm) to form larger, more stable structures. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a correlation between glomalin and soil aggregation exists and that this is influenced by the method of seedbed preparation. The soils from two crops of winter wheat in Hertfordshire, UK, practising either conventional (20 cm soil inversion) or zero tillage exclusively, were sampled in a 50 m grid arrangement over a 12 month period. Glomalin and water stable aggregates (WSA) were quantified for each soil sample and found to be significantly greater in zero tillage soils compared to those of conventional tillage. A stronger correlation between WSA and glomalin was observed in zero tillage (Pearson’s coeffect 0.85) throughout the cropping year compared to conventional tillage (Pearson’s coeffect 0.07). The present study was able to conclude that zero tillage systems are beneficial for AM fungi, the enhancement of soil glomalin and soil erosion mitigation.
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13
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Shakoor A, Shahbaz M, Farooq TH, Sahar NE, Shahzad SM, Altaf MM, Ashraf M. A global meta-analysis of greenhouse gases emission and crop yield under no-tillage as compared to conventional tillage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:142299. [PMID: 33182198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
No-tillage (NT) practice is extensively adopted with aims to improve soil physical conditions, carbon (C) sequestration and to alleviate greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions without compromising crop yield. However, the influences of NT on GHGs emissions and crop yields remains inconsistent. A global meta-analysis was performed by using fifty peer-reviewed publications to assess the effectiveness of soil physicochemical properties, nitrogen (N) fertilization, type and duration of crop, water management and climatic zones on GHGs emissions and crop yields under NT compared to conventional tillage (CT) practices. The outcome reveals that compared to CT, NT increased CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions by 7.1, 12.0, and 20.8%, respectively. In contrast, NT caused up to 7.6% decline in global warming potential as compared to CT. However, absence of difference in crop yield was observed both under NT and CT practices. Increasing N fertilization rates under NT improved crop yield and GHGs emission up to 23 and 58%, respectively, compared to CT. Further, NT practices caused an increase of 16.1% CO2 and 14.7% N2O emission in the rainfed areas and up to 54.0% CH4 emission under irrigated areas as compared to CT practices. This meta-analysis study provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effects of NT on GHGs emissions and crop yields, and also provides basic information to mitigate the GHGs emissions that are associated with NT practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Najam E Sahar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Altaf
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
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14
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Qiu Q, Wu L, Hu Y, Lai DYF, Wang W, Xu Y, Mgelwa AS, Li B. Variability and controls of soil CO 2 fluxes under different tillage and crop residue managements in a wheat-maize double-cropping system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45722-45736. [PMID: 32803590 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal variability of soil CO2 emissions from agricultural soils is inherently high. While tillage and crop residue practices play vital roles in governing soil CO2 emission, their effects on the variability of soil CO2 fluxes across depths and seasons are still poorly understood. To address this, an experiment consisting of four treatments, namely conventional tillage with (CT+) and without crop residue application (CT-), as well as no tillage with (NT+) and without crop residue application (NT-), was conducted to investigate soil CO2 fluxes at top 40 cm soils with 10-cm depth intervals in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the North China Plain. Our results showed soil CO2 fluxes increased with depth in both the wheat- and maize-growing seasons. However, the dominant factors in regulating soil CO2 fluxes changed with soil depth and seasons. In the wheat-growing season, increase in soil CO2 fluxes with depth was attributed to the increase of dissolved organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (DOC/DON) and a decline in soil DON concentration along the soil profile. These factors explained about 55-96% of the total variation in soil CO2 fluxes at different soil depths. In the maize-growing season, the dominant factors were soil DOC/DON ratio, soil DON concentrations, and soil moisture. These factors explained approximately 79-96% of the total variation in soil CO2 fluxes along the soil depth. Greater soil CO2 fluxes (except at 30-40 cm depth) were observed in NT- than CT- treatments. Furthermore, crop residue application enhanced soil CO2 fluxes across different depths, but the enhancement was more prominent in CT+ than NT+. Moreover, soil CO2 fluxes in the maize-growing season were greater than those in the wheat-growing season. Our results demonstrate that the effects of tillage regimes and crop residue management practices on soil CO2 emissions are not confined only to the plough layer but can extend to soils of over 30 cm depths. We also need to revisit the general conventional view that no tillage can significantly reduce soil CO2 emissions compared with conventional tillage for better climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Qiu
- Forest Ecology Stable Isotope Center, College of Forest, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lanfang Wu
- Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yalin Hu
- Forest Ecology Stable Isotope Center, College of Forest, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Derrick Yuk Fo Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Abubakari Said Mgelwa
- Forest Ecology Stable Isotope Center, College of Forest, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Natural Resources Management and Tourism, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Li
- Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
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15
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Shakoor A, Ashraf F, Shakoor S, Mustafa A, Rehman A, Altaf MM. Biogeochemical transformation of greenhouse gas emissions from terrestrial to atmospheric environment and potential feedback to climate forcing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38513-38536. [PMID: 32770337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly universal greenhouse gas associated with climate change. However, beyond CO2, some other greenhouse gases (GHGs) like methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), being two notable gases, contribute to global warming. Since 1900, the concentrations of CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions have been elevating, and due to the effects of the previous industrial revolution which is responsible for climate forcing. Globally, emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from agricultural sectors are increasing as around 1% annually. Moreover, deforestation also contributes 12-17% of total global GHGs. Perhaps, the average temperature is likely to increase globally, at least 2 °C by 2100-by mid-century. These circumstances are responsible for climate forcing, which is the source of various human health diseases and environmental risks. From agricultural soils, rhizospheric microbial communities have a significant role in the emissions of greenhouse gases. Every year, microbial communities release approximately 1.5-3 billion tons of carbon into the atmospheric environment. Microbial nitrification, denitrification, and respiration are the essential processes that affect the nitrogen cycle in the terrestrial environment. In the twenty-first century, climate change is the major threat faced by human beings. Climate change adversely influences human health to cause numerous diseases due to their direct association with climate change. This review highlights the different anthropogenic GHG emission sources, the response of microbial communities to climate change, climate forcing potential, and mitigation strategies through different agricultural management approaches and microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Fatima Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shakoor
- Department of Zoology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Altaf
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
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16
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Dai Z, Yu M, Chen H, Zhao H, Huang Y, Su W, Xia F, Chang SX, Brookes PC, Dahlgren RA, Xu J. Elevated temperature shifts soil N cycling from microbial immobilization to enhanced mineralization, nitrification and denitrification across global terrestrial ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5267-5276. [PMID: 32614503 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the response of soil microbial nitrogen (N) cycling and associated functional genes to elevated temperature at the global scale. A meta-analysis of 1,270 observations from 134 publications indicated that elevated temperature decreased soil microbial biomass N and increased N mineralization rates, both in the presence and absence of plants. These findings infer that elevated temperature drives microbially mediated N cycling processes from dominance by anabolic to catabolic reaction processes. Elevated temperature increased soil nitrification and denitrification rates, leading to an increase in N2 O emissions of up to 227%, whether plants were present or not. Rates of N mineralization, denitrification and N2 O emission demonstrated significant positive relationships with rates of CO2 emissions under elevated temperatures, suggesting that microbial N cycling processes were associated with enhanced microbial carbon (C) metabolism due to soil warming. The response in the abundance of relevant genes to elevated temperature was not always consistent with changes in N cycling processes. While elevated temperature increased the abundances of the nirS gene with plants and nosZ genes without plants, there was no effect on the abundances of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea amoA gene, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria amoA and nirK genes. This study provides the first global-scale assessment demonstrating that elevated temperature shifts N cycling from microbial immobilization to enhanced mineralization, nitrification and denitrification in terrestrial ecosystems. These findings infer that elevated temperatures have a profound impact on global N cycling processes with implications of a positive feedback to global climate and emphasize the close linkage between soil microbial C and N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Dai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaihai Chen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Haochun Zhao
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanlan Huang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqin Su
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Xia
- Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Watershed Environmental Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Philip C Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Song H, Wang J, Zhang K, Zhang M, Hui R, Sui T, Yang L, Du W, Dong Z. A 4-year field measurement of N 2O emissions from a maize-wheat rotation system as influenced by partial organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110384. [PMID: 32174526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil N2O emissions depend on the status of stoichiometric balance between organic C and inorganic N. As a beneficial management practice to sustain soil fertility and crop productivity, partial substitution of organic fertilizers (OFs) for synthetic fertilizers (SFs) can directly affect this balance status and regulate N2O emissions. However, no multi-year field studies of N2O emissions under different ratios of OFS to SFs have been performed. We conducted a 4-year experiment to measure N2O emissions in a maize-wheat rotation in central China. Six treatments were included: total SF (TS), total OF, no N fertilizer, and ratios of to SF with 1: 2 (LO), 1: 1 (MO), and 2: 1 (HO), based on N content. Two incubation experiments were performed to further interpret the field data. In the first year, cumulative N2O emissions (kg N ha-1) in LO, MO, and HO were 4.59, 4.68, and 3.59, respectively, significantly lower than in TS (6.67). However, from the second year onwards, organic substitution did not reduce N2O emissions and even significantly enhanced them in the fourth year relative to TS. Soil respiration under OF-amended soils increased over the course of the experiment. From the second year onwards, there was no marked difference in mineral N concentrations between OF- and SF-amended soils. OF caused a drop in soil pH. Cumulative N2O was negatively correlated with pH. Long-term organic substitution enhanced N2O emissions produced via denitrification rather than nitrification and resulted in higher temperature sensitivity of N2O emissions than TS. The enhanced N2O emissions from the OF-treated soils were mainly attributable to accelerated OF decomposition, increased denitrification-N2O emissions, and lessened N2O reduction due to lower pH and greater NO3-. These results indicate that OF substitution can reduce N2O emissions in the first year, but in the long-term it can increase emissions, especially as soils warm.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Song
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Manyu Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Rui Hui
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tianyi Sui
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wenbin Du
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhaorong Dong
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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18
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Ghosh A, Misra S, Bhattacharyya R, Sarkar A, Singh AK, Tyagi VC, Kumar RV, Meena VS. Agriculture, dairy and fishery farming practices and greenhouse gas emission footprint: a strategic appraisal for mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10160-10184. [PMID: 32060824 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rising global population would force farmers to amplify food production substantially in upcoming 3-4 decades. The easiest way to increase grain production is through expanding cropping area by clearing uncultivated land. This is attained by permitting deadly loss of carbon (C) stocks, jeopardizing ecosystem biodiversity and deteriorating environmental quality. We aim to propose key agronomical tactics, livestock management strategy and advance approaches for aquaculture to increase productivity and simultaneously reduce the environmental impacts of farming sector. For this, we considered three major sectors of farming, i.e. agriculture, fishery and dairy. We collected literatures stating approaches or technologies that could reduce GHG emission from these sectors. Thereafter, we synthesized strategies or options that are more feasible and accessible for inclusion in farm sector to reduce GHG emission. Having comprehensively reviewed several publications, we propose potential strategies to reduce GHG emission. Agronomic practices like crop diversification, reducing summer fallow, soil organic carbon sequestration, tillage and crop residue management and inclusion of N2-fixing pulses in crop rotations are some of those. Livestock management through changing animals' diets, optimal use of the gas produced from manures, frequent and complete manure removal from animal housing and aquaculture management strategies to improve fish health and improve feed conversion efficiency could reduce their GHG emission footprint too. Adapting of effective and economic practices GHG emission footprint reduction potential of farming sector could make farming sector a C neutral enterprise. To overcome the ecological, technological and institutional barriers, policy on trade, tax, grazing practice and GHG pricing should be implemented properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Ghosh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India.
| | - Sukanya Misra
- Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, West Bengal, 736 165, India
| | | | - Abhijit Sarkar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462038, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Vikas Chandra Tyagi
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Ram Vinod Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Vijay Singh Meena
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India
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19
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Enhanced soil quality with reduced tillage and solid manures in organic farming - a synthesis of 15 years. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4403. [PMID: 32157154 PMCID: PMC7064577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Demands upon the sustainability of farming are increasing in step with climate change and diversity loss. Organic farming offers a viable approach. To further improve organic management, three strategies with potential to enhance soil quality are being tested in a long-term trial since 2002 on a clay loam in temperate Switzerland: reduced tillage vs. ploughing, solid vs. liquid manures and biodynamic preparations. A synthesis of 15 years reveals an increase in topsoil organic carbon (SOC, +25%), microbial biomass (+32%) and activity (+34%) and a shift in microbial communities with conversion from ploughing to reduced tillage. Soils under reduced tillage are more stratified in SOC and nutrients. Additional application of composted manure has increased SOC by 6% compared to pure slurry application, with little impact on soil microbes. Biodynamic preparations have had a minor impact on soil quality. Fertilisation and biodynamic preparations did not affect yields. Both higher and lower yields were harvested in the reduced tillage system in relation to ploughing. The main yield determinants were N supply and higher weed infestation under reduced tillage. Continuously reduced tillage in organic farming has been proven to enhance soil quality at this site, while also presenting more challenges in management.
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21
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Cania B, Vestergaard G, Krauss M, Fliessbach A, Schloter M, Schulz S. A long-term field experiment demonstrates the influence of tillage on the bacterial potential to produce soil structure-stabilizing agents such as exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2019; 14:1. [PMID: 33902712 PMCID: PMC7989815 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-019-0341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable soil aggregates are essential for optimal crop growth and preventing soil erosion. However, tillage is often used in agriculture to loosen the soil, which disrupts the integrity of these aggregates. Soil aggregation can be enhanced by bacteria through their ability to produce exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides. These compounds stabilize soil aggregates by "gluing" soil particles together. However, it has yet to be shown how tillage influences the bacterial potential to produce aggregate-stabilizing agents. Therefore, we sampled conventional and reduced tillage treatments at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-50 cm from a long-term field trial in Frick, Switzerland. We compared the stable aggregate fraction of the soil and the bacterial potential to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) under different tillage regimes by employing a shotgun metagenomic approach. We established a method which combines hidden Markov model searches with blasts against sequences derived from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database to analyze genes specific for the biosynthesis of these compounds. RESULTS Our data revealed that the stable aggregate fraction as well as the bacterial potential to produce EPS and LPS were comparable under both tillage regimes. The highest potential to produce these compounds was found in the upper soil layer, which was disturbed by tillage, but had higher content of organic carbon compared to the layer below the tillage horizon. Additionally, key players of EPS and LPS production differed at different sampling depths. Some families with high potential to produce EPS and LPS, such as Chitinophagaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae, were more abundant in the upper soil layers, while others, e.g. Nitrospiraceae and Planctomycetaceae, preferred the lowest sampled soil depth. Each family had the potential to form a limited number of different aggregate-stabilizing agents. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that conventional tillage and reduced tillage equally promote the bacterial potential to produce EPS and LPS in the tillage horizon. However, as major bacterial groups triggering EPS and LPS formation were not the same, it is likely that gene expression pattern differ in the different treatments due to various pathways of gene induction and transcription in different bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cania
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gisle Vestergaard
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maike Krauss
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fliessbach
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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22
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Effects of conventional moldboard and reduced tillage on seasonal variations of direct CO2 and N2O emissions from a loam Haplic Luvisol. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Skinner C, Gattinger A, Krauss M, Krause HM, Mayer J, van der Heijden MGA, Mäder P. The impact of long-term organic farming on soil-derived greenhouse gas emissions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1702. [PMID: 30737429 PMCID: PMC6368562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural practices contribute considerably to emissions of greenhouse gases. So far, knowledge on the impact of organic compared to non-organic farming on soil-derived nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions is limited. We investigated N2O and CH4 fluxes with manual chambers during 571 days in a grass-clover- silage maize - green manure cropping sequence in the long-term field trial "DOK" in Switzerland. We compared two organic farming systems - biodynamic (BIODYN) and bioorganic (BIOORG) - with two non-organic systems - solely mineral fertilisation (CONMIN) and mixed farming including farmyard manure (CONFYM) - all reflecting Swiss farming practices-together with an unfertilised control (NOFERT). We observed a 40.2% reduction of N2O emissions per hectare for organic compared to non-organic systems. In contrast to current knowledge, yield-scaled cumulated N2O emissions under silage maize were similar between organic and non-organic systems. Cumulated on area scale we recorded under silage maize a modest CH4 uptake for BIODYN and CONMIN and high CH4 emissions for CONFYM. We found that, in addition to N input, quality properties such as pH, soil organic carbon and microbial biomass significantly affected N2O emissions. This study showed that organic farming systems can be a viable measure contributing to greenhouse gas mitigation in the agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Skinner
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Gattinger
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland. .,Organic Farming with focus on Sustainable Soil Use, Institute of Crop Science and Breeding II, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Maike Krauss
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Martin Krause
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Mayer
- Water Protection and Substance Flows, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, CH 8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Plant Soil Interactions, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, CH 8046, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, CH 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508, TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Mäder
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland
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24
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Lu X, Lu X, Liao Y. Effect of Tillage Treatment on the Diversity of Soil Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal and Soil Aggregate-Associated Carbon Content. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2986. [PMID: 30574132 PMCID: PMC6291503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
No-tillage agriculture can sustain productivity and protect the environment. A comprehensive understanding of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal diversity and soil carbon distribution within aggregate fractions is essential to the evaluation of no-tillage agriculture. The long-term field experiment included two tillage treatments (1) no tillage with straw returned to the soil (NTS), and (2) conventional mouldboard-plowing tillage without straw (CT), and was conducted on the Loess Plateau, north-western China, from October 2009. The soil samples were collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm depth) at the maturation stage of the summer maize (Zea mays L.) for analyzing aggregates separated by the dry-sieving method. The organic carbon content in the bulk soil and different particle size aggregates were measured using the dichromate oxidization method. The species compositions of soil AM fungi were compared by applying high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA. The results showed that the NTS had 9.1-12.2% higher percentage of soil macro-aggregates, resulting in 9.8% increase in mean weight diameter and 10.0% increase in bulk soil organic carbon content as compared with CT treatment. In addition, the NTS treatment had significantly higher percentages of Septoglomus and Glomus than the CT treatment. We also found some significant differences in the fungal communities of the soils of the two treatments. There was a strong positive relationship between bulk soil organic carbon and the percentages of Septoglomus and Glomus. Our results suggested that the NTS treatment had a protective effect on AM fungal community structures, which might play a key role in the development of agricultural sustainability in the Loess Plateau of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Lu
- College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingneng Lu
- Yinchuan Provincial Sub-branch, The People’s Bank of China, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuncheng Liao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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25
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Restricting the nonlinearity parameter in soil greenhouse gas flux calculation for more reliable flux estimates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200876. [PMID: 30048522 PMCID: PMC6062054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The static chamber approach is often used for greenhouse gas (GHG) flux measurements, whereby the flux is deduced from the increase of species concentration after closing the chamber. Since this increase changes diffusion gradients between chamber air and soil air, a nonlinear increase is expected. Lateral gas flow and leakages also contribute to non linearity. Several models have been suggested to account for this non linearity, the most recent being the Hutchinson–Mosier regression model (hmr). However, the practical application of these models is challenging because the researcher needs to decide for each flux whether a nonlinear fit is appropriate or exaggerates flux estimates due to measurement artifacts. In the latter case, a flux estimate from the linear model is a more robust solution and introduces less arbitrary uncertainty to the data. We present the new, dynamic and reproducible flux calculation scheme, kappa.max, for an improved trade-off between bias and uncertainty (i.e. accuracy and precision). We develop a tool to simulate, visualise and optimise the flux calculation scheme for any specific static N2O chamber measurement system. The decision procedure and visualisation tools are implemented in a package for the R software. Finally, we demonstrate with this approach the performance of the applied flux calculation scheme for a measured flux dataset to estimate the actual bias and uncertainty. The kappa.max method effectively improved the decision between linear and nonlinear flux estimates reducing the bias at a minimal cost of uncertainty.
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26
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Yang S, Xiao YN, Xu J. Organic fertilizer application increases the soil respiration and net ecosystem carbon dioxide absorption of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9958-9968. [PMID: 29374862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying carbon sequestration in paddy soil is necessary to understand the effect of agricultural practices on carbon cycles. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of organic fertilizer addition (MF) on the soil respiration and net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation (CI) in the Taihu Lake Region of China during the 2014 and 2015 rice-growing seasons. Compared with the traditional fertilizer and water management (FC), the joint regulation of CI and MF (CM) significantly increased the rice yields and irrigation water use efficiencies of paddy fields by 4.02~5.08 and 83.54~109.97% (p < 0.05). The effects of organic fertilizer addition on soil respiration and net ecosystem CO2 absorption rates showed inter-annual differences. CM paddy fields showed a higher soil respiration and net CO2 absorption rates during some periods of the rice growth stage in the first year and during most periods of the rice growth stage in the second year. These fields also had significantly higher total CO2 emission through soil respiration (total Rsoil) and total net CO2 absorption compared with FC paddy fields (p < 0.05). The total Rsoil and net ecosystem CO2 absorption of CM paddy fields were 67.39~91.55 and 129.41~113.75 mol m-2, which were 27.66~135.52 and 12.96~31.66% higher than those of FC paddy fields. The interaction between water and fertilizer management had significant effects on total net ecosystem CO2 absorption. The frequent alternate wet-dry cycles of CI paddy fields increased the soil respiration and reduced the net CO2 absorption. Organic fertilizer promoted the soil respiration of paddy soil but also increased its net CO2 absorption and organic carbon content. Therefore, the joint regulation of water-saving irrigation and organic fertilizer is an effective measure for maintaining yield, increasing irrigation water use efficiency, mitigating CO2 emission, and promoting paddy soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya Nan Xiao
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junzeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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27
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Villa P, Malucelli F, Scalenghe R. Multitemporal mapping of peri-urban carbon stocks and soil sealing from satellite data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:590-604. [PMID: 28865275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Peri-urbanisation is the expansion of compact urban areas towards low-density settlements. This phenomenon directly challenges the agricultural landscape multifunctionality, including its carbon (C) storage capacity. Using satellite data, we mapped peri-urban C stocks in soil and built-up surfaces over three areas from 1993 to 2014 in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy: a thinly populated area around Piacenza, an intermediate-density area covering the Reggio Emilia-Modena conurbation and a densely anthropized area developing along the coast of Rimini. Satellite-derived maps enabled the quantitative analysis of spatial and temporal features of urban growth and soil sealing, expressed as the ratio between C in built-up land and organic C in soils (Cc/Co). The three areas show substantial differences in C stock balance and soil sealing evolution. In Piacenza (Cc/Co=0.07 in 1993), although questioned by late industrial expansion and connected residential sprawl (Cc/Co growth by 38%), most of the new urbanisation spared the best rural soils. The Reggio Emilia-Modena conurbation, driven by the polycentricism of the area and the heterogeneity of economic sectors (Cc/Co rising from 0.08 to 0.14 from 1993 to 2014), balances sprawl and densification. Rimini, severely sealed since the 1960s (Cc/Co=0.23 in 1993), densifies its existing settlements and develops an industrial expansion of the hinterland, with Cc/Co growth accelerating from +15% before 2003 to +36% for the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Villa
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Malucelli
- Geological, Seismic and Soil Survey, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy.
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