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Pristipino C, Sievert H, D'Ascenzo F, Mas JL, Meier B, Scacciatella P, Hildick-Smith D, Gaita F, Toni D, Kyrle P, Thomson J, Derumeaux G, Onorato E, Sibbing D, Germonpré P, Berti S, Chessa M, Bedogni F, Dudek D, Hornung M, Zamorano J. European position paper on the management of patients with patent foramen ovale. General approach and left circulation thromboembolism. EUROINTERVENTION 2019; 14:1389-1402. [PMID: 30141306 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-18-00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
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Cheli M, Canepa M, Brunelli C, Bezante GP, Favorini S, Rollando D, Sivori G, Viani E, Finocchi C, Balbi M. Recurrent and Residual Shunts After Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: Results From a Long-Term Transcranial Doppler Study. J Interv Cardiol 2016; 28:600-8. [PMID: 26643006 DOI: 10.1111/joic.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess the evolution of right-to-left shunt (RLS) after transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure. BACKGROUND Despite the high number of interventional procedures performed worldwide, limited systematic data on the long-term abolition of RLS after percutaneous closure are available. METHODS All patients treated at our Institution between February 2001 and July 2009 were included in this single center, prospective study, and were asked to repeat late contrast transcranial Doppler (cTCD). Rate of complete closure, residual RLS (i.e., a shunt that persists after closure), and recurrent RLS (i.e., a shunt that reappears after a previous negative cTCD) was assessed. RESULTS Long-term follow-up was completed in 120 patients (56% male). RLS was still detectable 4.9 ± 2.3 years (range 1.3-10.3) after the procedure in 55 patients; 20 (17%) had residual RLS and 35 (29%) had recurrent RLS. Multivariate analysis revealed that significant predictors of residual RLS included post-procedural shunt at transesophageal echocardiography (OR 3.07, 95%CI 0.97-9.7), use of a bigger device (35 vs 25 mm, OR 3.85, 95%CI 1.22-12.2) and length of follow-up (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57-0.98), while only length of follow-up (OR 0.77, 95%CI 0.62-0.95) was associated with recurrent RLS. Neurological recurrences (1 stroke, 6 transient ischemic attacks) were equally distributed between the groups. CONCLUSION A significant number of recurrent and residual shunts may be observed by cTCD up to 5 years after PFO closure. Management of late RLSs includes periodic re-evaluation, exclusion of device-induced complications or secondary sources of RLS, and optimization of antithrombotic treatment with or without a second intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Cheli
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Canepa
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Claudio Brunelli
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Bezante
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Favorini
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Rollando
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sivori
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Childhood Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Erica Viani
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Childhood Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Finocchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Childhood Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manrico Balbi
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Koç G, Özyurt A, Doğanay S, Baykan A, Görkem SB, Doğan MS, Pamukçu Ö, Üzüm K, Coşkun A, Narin N. Silent cerebral emboli following percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect in pediatric patients: a diffusion-weighted MRI study. Diagn Interv Radiol 2015; 22:90-4. [PMID: 26394443 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2015.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the incidence of silent cerebrovascular embolic events associated with percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) in pediatric patients. METHODS A total of 23 consecutive pediatric patients (mean age, 10.4±3.8 years; range, 4-17 years) admitted for transcatheter closure of ASD were recruited in the study. The patients were scanned with a 1.5 Tesla clinical scanner. Two cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were acquired before the procedure and within 24 hours following the catheterization. MRI included turbo spin-echo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence and diffusion-weighted imaging technique with single-shot echo-planar spin-echo sequence. The transcatheter closure of ASD was performed by three expert interventional cardiologists. Amplatzer septal occluder device was implemented for the closure of the defect. No contrast medium was administered in the course of the procedure. RESULTS None of the patients had diffusion restricted cerebral lesions resembling microembolic infarctions on postprocedural MRI. Preprocedural MRI of two patients revealed nonspecific hyperintense white matter lesions on FLAIR images with increased diffusion, which were considered to be older ischemic lesions associated with previously occurred paradoxical embolism. CONCLUSION The current study suggests that percutaneous closure of the ASD, when performed by experienced hands, may be free of cerebral microembolization in pediatric patients. However, due to the relatively small sample size, further studies with larger patient groups are needed for the validation of our preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Koç
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Mangieri A, Godino C, Montorfano M, Arioli F, Rosa I, Ajello S, Piraino D, Monello A, Pavon AG, Viani G, Magni V, Cappelletti A, Margonato A, Colombo A. PFO closure with only fluoroscopic guidance: 7 years real-world single centre experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 86:105-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mangieri
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Cosmo Godino
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Matteo Montorfano
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Isabella Rosa
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Ajello
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Daniela Piraino
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Alberto Monello
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Anna Giulia Pavon
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Giacomo Viani
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Valeria Magni
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | | | - Alberto Margonato
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Antonio Colombo
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department; San Raffaele Institute; Milan Italy
- EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus; Milan Italy
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Hocker S, Wijdicks EFM, Biller J. Neurologic complications of cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 119:193-208. [PMID: 24365297 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-4086-3.00014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A wide array of neurologic complications can occur in relation to cardiac surgical procedures, most of which are transient and do not result in permanent sequelae. Specific neurologic insults can occur depending on the type of cardiac procedure and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Neurologists practicing in the hospital setting as well as outpatient neurologists should be familiar with the cardiac surgical procedures currently available. Prompt identification of neurologic deficits is important in order to plan an appropriate systematic evaluation and initiate possible treatments in a timely manner. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of all facets of neurologic complications after cardiac surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hocker
- Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Jose Biller
- Department of Neurology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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Residual Shunt after Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: Preliminary Results from Italian Patent Foramen Ovale Survey. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013; 22:e219-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abaci A, Unlu S, Alsancak Y, Kaya U, Sezenoz B. Short and long term complications of device closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale: Meta-analysis of 28,142 patients from 203 studies. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 82:1123-38. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.24875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Abaci
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Serkan Unlu
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Yakup Alsancak
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ulker Kaya
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Burak Sezenoz
- Department of Cardiology; School of Medicine; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
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Agarwal S, Bajaj NS, Kumbhani DJ, Tuzcu EM, Kapadia SR. Meta-analysis of transcatheter closure versus medical therapy for patent foramen ovale in prevention of recurrent neurological events after presumed paradoxical embolism. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5:777-89. [PMID: 22814784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, a meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to compare the rate of recurrent neurological events (RNE) between transcatheter closure and medical management of patients with cryptogenic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and concomitant patent foramen ovale (PFO). BACKGROUND A significant controversy surrounds the optimal strategy for treatment of cryptogenic stroke/TIA and coexistent PFO. METHODS We conducted a MEDLINE search with standard search terms to determine eligible studies. RESULTS Adjusted incidence rates of RNE were 0.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5 to 1.1) events and 5.0 (95% CI: 3.6 to 6.9) events/100 person-years (PY) in the transcatheter closure and medical management arms, respectively. Meta-analysis of the limited number of comparative studies and meta-regression analysis suggested that the transcatheter closure might be superior to the medical therapy in prevention of RNE after cryptogenic stroke. Comparison of the anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy subgroups of the medical arm yielded a significantly lower risk of RNE within patients treated with anticoagulants. Device-related complications were encountered at the rate of 4.1 (95% CI: 3.2 to 5.0) events/100 PY, with atrial arrhythmias being the most frequent complication. After transcatheter closure, RNE did not seem to be related to the pre-treatment shunt size or the presence of residual shunting in the follow-up period. Significant benefit of transcatheter PFO closure was apparent in elderly patients, patients with concomitant atrial septal aneurysm, and patients with thrombophilia. CONCLUSIONS Rates of RNE with transcatheter closure and medical therapy in patients presenting with cryptogenic stroke or TIA were estimated at 0.8 and 5.0 events/100 PY. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to conclusively compare these 2 management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Agarwal
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Balbi M, Canepa M, Cheli M, Bezante GP, Brunelli C. Sometimes they come back: recurrent noncardiac right-to-left shunt after percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 18:443-446. [PMID: 22395026 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328351dac0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
: An increasing number of patients are being evaluated for percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to prevent recurrent cerebrovascular events, but debate still exists on therapeutic indications and off-label closure device implantation. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are a rare and heterogeneous malformation prevalently associated with Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, and may mimic PFO right-to-left shunt (RLS), leading to unnecessary interventions and in some cases to relapses. Residual shunt is increasingly being observed both after PFO closure and PAVF embolization, even at long-term follow-up, with unclear clinical relevance. This instrumental and possibly therapeutic failure could lie in the presence of pulmonary microfistulas, either pre-existing or following the intervention. Hence, if RLS persists after optimal device placement and reasonable endothelialization time, the presence of a PAVF should be assumed and investigated; if RLS recurs after previous, negative echocontrast studies, presence of device-related complications or pulmonary microfistulas should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrico Balbi
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto, Genova, Italy
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Kitsios GD, Dahabreh IJ, Abu Dabrh AM, Thaler DE, Kent DM. Patent foramen ovale closure and medical treatments for secondary stroke prevention: a systematic review of observational and randomized evidence. Stroke 2011; 43:422-31. [PMID: 22180252 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.631648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients discovered to have a patent foramen ovale in the setting of a cryptogenic stroke may be treated with percutaneous closure, antiplatelet therapy, or anticoagulants. A recent randomized trial (CLOSURE I) did not detect any benefit of closure over medical treatment alone; the optimal medical therapy is also unknown. We synthesized the available evidence on secondary stroke prevention in patients with patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke. METHODS A MEDLINE search was performed for finding longitudinal studies investigating medical treatment or closure, meta-analysis of incidence rates (IR), and IR ratios of recurrent cerebrovascular events. RESULTS Fifty-two single-arm studies and 7 comparative nonrandomized studies and the CLOSURE I trial were reviewed. The summary IR of recurrent stroke was 0.36 events (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.56) per 100 person-years with closure versus 2.53 events (95% CI, 1.91-3.35) per 100 person-years with medical therapy. In comparative observational studies, closure was superior to medical therapy (IR ratio=0.19; 95% CI, 0.07-0.54). The IR for the closure arm of the CLOSURE I trial was higher than the summary estimate from observational studies; there was no significant benefit of closure over medical treatment (P=0.002 comparing efficacy estimates between observational studies and the trial). Observational and randomized data (9 studies) comparing medical therapies were consistent and suggested that anticoagulants are superior to antiplatelets for preventing stroke recurrence (IR ratio=0.42; 95% CI, 0.18-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Although further randomized trial data are needed to precisely determine the effects of closure on stroke recurrence, the results of CLOSURE I challenge the credibility of a substantial body of observational evidence strongly favoring mechanical closure over medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Kitsios
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, Albers GW, Bush RL, Fagan SC, Halperin JL, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kernan WN, Mitchell PH, Ovbiagele B, Palesch YY, Sacco RL, Schwamm LH, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Turan TN, Wentworth D. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association. Stroke 2010; 42:227-76. [PMID: 20966421 DOI: 10.1161/str.0b013e3181f7d043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1266] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this updated statement is to provide comprehensive and timely evidence-based recommendations on the prevention of ischemic stroke among survivors of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Evidence-based recommendations are included for the control of risk factors, interventional approaches for atherosclerotic disease, antithrombotic treatments for cardioembolism, and the use of antiplatelet agents for noncardioembolic stroke. Further recommendations are provided for the prevention of recurrent stroke in a variety of other specific circumstances, including arterial dissections; patent foramen ovale; hyperhomocysteinemia; hypercoagulable states; sickle cell disease; cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; stroke among women, particularly with regard to pregnancy and the use of postmenopausal hormones; the use of anticoagulation after cerebral hemorrhage; and special approaches to the implementation of guidelines and their use in high-risk populations.
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Spies C, Cao QL, Hijazi ZM. Transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure: review and choice of devices. Interv Cardiol 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.10.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Diaz T, Cubeddu RJ, Rengifo-Moreno PA, Cruz-Gonzalez I, Solis-Martin J, Buonanno FS, Inglessis I, Palacios IF. Management of residual shunts after initial percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure: A single center experience with immediate and long-term follow-up. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 76:145-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Spies C, Wong M. Patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke: a complex neuro-cardio-vascular problem. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2009; 7:1455-67. [PMID: 19900028 DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Patent foramen ovale has been suggested to be a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke by means of paradoxical embolism. The data, however, are complex, conflicting and largely unavailable. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing data separately for the questions of whether patent foramen ovale is associated with cryptogenic stroke and whether it is a risk factor for a first ischemic stroke and for recurrent strokes. Treatment options will be discussed, and the different viewpoints from the two specialists mainly involved in the care of those complex patients (neurologists and cardiologists) will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Spies
- The Queen's Medical Center, Queen's Heart Physician Practice, 550 S Beretania Street, Suite 300, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Perk G, Lang RM, Garcia-Fernandez MA, Lodato J, Sugeng L, Lopez J, Knight BP, Messika-Zeitoun D, Shah S, Slater J, Brochet E, Varkey M, Hijazi Z, Marino N, Ruiz C, Kronzon I. Use of real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in intracardiac catheter based interventions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009; 22:865-82. [PMID: 19647156 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time three-dimensional (RT3D) echocardiography is a recently developed technique that is being increasingly used in echocardiography laboratories. Over the past several years, improvements in transducer technologies have allowed development of a full matrix-array transducer that allows acquisition of pyramidal-shaped data sets. These data sets can be processed online and offline to allow accurate evaluation of cardiac structures, volumes, and mass. More recently, a transesophageal transducer with RT3D capabilities has been developed. This allows acquisition of high-quality RT3D images on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Percutaneous catheter-based procedures have gained growing acceptance in the cardiac procedural armamentarium. Advances in technology and technical skills allow increasingly complex procedures to be performed using a catheter-based approach, thus obviating the need for open-heart surgery. METHODS The authors used RT3D TEE to guide 72 catheter-based cardiac interventions. The procedures included the occlusion of atrial septal defects or patent foramen ovales (n=25), percutaneous mitral valve repair (e-valve clipping; n=3), mitral balloon valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis (n=10), left atrial appendage obliteration (n=11), left atrial or pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation (n=5), percutaneous closures of prosthetic valve dehiscence (n=10), percutaneous aortic valve replacement (n=6), and percutaneous closures of ventricular septal defects (n=2). In this review, the authors describe their experience with this technique, the added value over multiplanar two-dimensional TEE, and the pitfalls that were encountered. RESULTS The main advantages found for the use RT3D TEE during catheter-based interventions were (1) the ability to visualize the entire lengths of intracardiac catheters, including the tips of all catheters and the balloons or devices they carry, along with a clear depiction of their positions in relation to other cardiac structures, and (2) the ability to ability to demonstrate certain structures in an "en face" view, which is not offered by any other currently available real-time imaging technique, enabling appreciation of the exact nature of the lesion that is undergoing intervention. CONCLUSION RT3D TEE is a powerful new imaging tool that may become the technique of choice and the standard of care for guidance of selected percutaneous catheter-based procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Perk
- New York University School of Medicine, Interventional Cardiology Department, Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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Diagnosis of Secondary Source of Right-to-Left Shunt With Balloon Occlusion of Patent Foramen Ovale and Power M-Mode Transcranial Doppler. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 2:561-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pigot B, Kirkham D, Eyrolles L, Rosencher N, Safran D, Cholley B. Preventive closure of a patent foramen ovale before total hip replacement. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:888-9. [PMID: 19451160 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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