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Psychological well-being and restorative biological processes: HDL-C in older English adults. Soc Sci Med 2018; 209:59-66. [PMID: 29800769 PMCID: PMC9901326 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psychological well-being is associated with better cardiovascular health, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigates one possible mechanism by examining psychological well-being's prospective association with lipid levels, focusing on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). METHODS Participants were 4757 healthy men and women ages ≥50 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing with clinical data from three times, three to five years apart. Psychological well-being was assessed at baseline using the Control, Autonomy, Satisfaction, and Pleasure scale; HDL-C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were assayed from blood samples. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models were used to examine associations between psychological well-being and lipid levels over time; the latter controlled for confounders and health behaviours. RESULTS In descriptive analyses, HDL-C levels were initially higher in people with greater psychological well-being. Among those who met recommended levels of HDL-C at baseline, fewer individuals with higher versus lower psychological well-being dropped below HDL-C recommendations over time. Mixed models indicated that HDL-C increased over time (β = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.69) and higher baseline psychological well-being was associated with higher baseline HDL-C (β = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.99). A significant well-being by time interaction indicated individuals with higher versus lower well-being exhibited a more rapid rate of increase in HDL-C over follow-up. Higher psychological well-being was also significantly associated with lower triglycerides, but main effects for both HDL-C and triglycerides were attenuated after accounting for health behaviours. CONCLUSION Higher psychological well-being is associated with healthier HDL-C levels; these effects may compound over time. This protective effect may be partly explained by health behaviours.
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Gouveia ÉR, Ihle A, Kliegel M, Freitas DL, Jurema J, Tinôco MA, Odim A, Machado FT, Muniz BR, Antunes AA, Ornelas RT, Gouveia BR. The relationship of physical activity to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in a sample of community-dwelling older adults from Amazonas, Brazil. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 73:195-198. [PMID: 28822921 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To study the relation of physical activity (PA) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and (2) to investigate if the strength of these associations holds after adjustments for sex, age, and other key correlates. METHODS This study included 550 older adults from Amazonas. HDL-C was derived from fasting blood samples. PA at sport and leisure, smoking, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status (SES) were interviewed. Waist circumference (WACI) was assessed. RESULTS HDL-C was positively related to PA sport, PA leisure, and SES (0.22≤r≤0.34; p≤0.001) and negatively related to smoking and WACI (r≤-0.10; p<0.05). Controlling for sex and age did not affect these relationships. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the relation of HDL-C to PA sport and leisure remained significant when controlling for all other investigated correlates (0.14≤β≤0.24; p≤0.001). DISCUSSION In order to prevent low HDL-C in older adults, promoting PA seems to be an important additional component besides common recommendations concerning weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élvio R Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute (MITI), Portugal.
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Duarte L Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Maria A Tinôco
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Angeany Odim
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Floramara T Machado
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Bárbara R Muniz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; City Hall of Manaus, Amazonas-Municipal Secretary of Youth Sports and Leisure, Manaus, Brazil
| | - António A Antunes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rui T Ornelas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Bruna R Gouveia
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute (MITI), Portugal; Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, Funchal, Portugal
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease) is the leading cause of death globally. Abnormal blood lipids (dyslipidemia), smoking, and high blood pressure are responsible for more than 75% of cases. Aggressive low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol lowering therapy, particularly statins, appear to be the most effective of the therapeutic approaches, but even with their use, cardiovascular disease event rates remain relatively high, underpinning the quest for novel treatments. In this review we discuss recent advances in the field and what remains to be done to reduce this rate further. In particular, in addition to development and investigation of new LDL-cholesterol lowering therapies, there has been a major focus on treatments to favorably influence high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. However, to this time, approaches to the latter have been somewhat disappointing, but they may have particular benefits in people with diabetes. As atherosclerosis is a largely preventable process, which is driven particularly by behavioral and lifestyle factors, attention to other modifiable risk factors is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tonkin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic 3004Australia
| | - Allison Byrnes
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic 3004Australia
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