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Anger WK, Dimoff JK, Alley L. Addressing Health Care Workers' Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions and Current Resources. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:213-226. [PMID: 38354343 PMCID: PMC10916736 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background. Mental health is declining in health care workers. Objectives. To provide a comprehensive assessment of intervention literature focused on the support and treatment of mental health within the health care workforce. Search Methods. We searched online databases (e.g., Medline, PsycINFO). Selection Criteria. We selected manuscripts published before March 2022 that evaluated the target population (e.g., nurses), mental health outcomes (e.g., burnout, depression), and intervention category (e.g., mindfulness). Data Collection and Analysis. Of 5158 publications screened, 118 interventions were included. We extracted relevant statistics and information. Main Results. Twenty (17%) earned study quality ratings indicating design, analysis, and implementation strengths. Randomized controlled trials were used by 52 studies (44%). Thirty-eight percent were conducted in the United States (n = 45). Ninety (76%) reported significant changes, and 46 (39%) reported measurable effect sizes. Multiple interventions significantly reduced stress (n = 29; 24%), anxiety (n = 20; 17%), emotional exhaustion or compassion fatigue (n = 16; 14%), burnout (n = 15; 13%), and depression (n = 15; 13%). Authors' Conclusions. Targeted, well-designed mental health interventions can improve outcomes among health care workers. Public Health Implications. Targeted health care‒focused interventions to address workers' mental health could improve outcomes within this important and vulnerable workforce. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S2):S213-S226. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307556).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kent Anger
- W. Kent Anger and Lindsey Alley are with Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97233. Jennifer Dimoff is with University of Ottawa, Telfer School of Management, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer K Dimoff
- W. Kent Anger and Lindsey Alley are with Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97233. Jennifer Dimoff is with University of Ottawa, Telfer School of Management, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsey Alley
- W. Kent Anger and Lindsey Alley are with Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97233. Jennifer Dimoff is with University of Ottawa, Telfer School of Management, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cheng WLS, Wong LLK. Effects of a group-based music imagery program on promoting coping resources among undergraduate students: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1257863. [PMID: 38106399 PMCID: PMC10723159 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1257863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Music is well-known for its stress-reducing effects. Little is known about the potential effect of music interventions in fostering internal coping resources for stress management among undergraduate students in Hong Kong. Objectives This pilot study aimed to examine the efficacy of the Group-based Focus Music Imagery Program (GFMI) in promoting a stress-is-enhancing mindset, sense of coherence, and self-compassion among undergraduate students. Methods We used a two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT). The experimental arm received 6 weeks of GFMI with measures taken at two time points after completing baseline assessments (Weeks 6, 10). The control arm received 6 weeks of an active control program and completed the outcome measures at time points similar to the GFMI group. Data were collected using the Chinese versions of the Sense of Coherence Scale (C-SOC-13), the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (C-SCS-SF), the Stress Mindset Measure (C-SMM), the Perceived Stress Scale (C-PSS-10), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (C-GAD-7). Results Sixty-four participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 32) or the control group (n = 32) between July 2021 and September 2022. The experimental group exhibited a retention rate of 71.9% at T1 (23 out of 32 participants), which slightly decreased to 65.6% (21 out of 32) at T2. The control group displayed a retention rate of 75% (24 out of 32) at T1, which dropped to 43.8% (14 out of 32) at T2. The GEE analyses showed insignificant differences between groups at any time point in C-SOC-13, C-SCS-SF, and C-SMM. Instead, the control group had a higher reduction in stress scores (C-PSS-10) at T1, and anxiety (C-GAD-7) at T2 than the experimental group. Conclusion The pilot trial provided valuable information in examining the feasibility of the trial design and intervention. Future studies with larger samples are needed to validate if GFMI can reliably promote coping resources to manage stress and anxiety in undergraduate students. Trial registration number https://www.researchregistry.com/, researchregistry8209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Lai Sheung Cheng
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O New Town, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lokki Lok-Ki Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Finnerty R, Zhang K, Tabuchi RA, Zhang K. The Use of Music to Manage Burnout in Nurses: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1386-1398. [PMID: 35633074 PMCID: PMC9619252 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a high prevalence of burnout in nurses. This systematic review investigates the use of music to manage burnout in nurses. DATA SOURCE MEDLINE (Ovid), MEDLINE InProcess/ePubs, Embase, APA PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Full-text articles were selected if the study assessed the use of music to manage burnout in nurses. Burnout was defined according to the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted using an Excel sheet. The second and third authors independently extracted study characteristics, frequency and type of music engagement, measures of burnout, and burnout outcomes (occupational stress, coping with stress, and related symptoms such as anxiety). DATA SYNTHESIS Study and outcome data were summarized. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 2210 articles and 16 articles were included (n = 1205 nurses). All seven cross-sectional studies reported upon nurses' self-facilitated use of music including music listening, playing instruments, and music entertainment for coping or preventing stress, supporting wellbeing, or enhancing work engagement. Externally-facilitated music engagement, including music listening, chanting, percussive improvisation, and song writing, was reported in the four randomized controlled trials and five cohort studies with reductions in burnout outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Self-facilitated and externally-facilitated music engagement can help to reduce burnout in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Finnerty
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Rachael Finnerty, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Katherine Zhang
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rina A. Tabuchi
- John J. Cali School of Music, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Nikunlaakso R, Selander K, Oksanen T, Laitinen J. Interventions to reduce the risk of mental health problems in health and social care workplaces: A scoping review. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:57-69. [PMID: 35716510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Work in the health and social care sector is stressful, and work-related stress increases the risk of depression, anxiety, burnout, and sleep disorders. Although interventions to reduce stress and burnout at workplaces have been developed and studied, most studies have lacked the effectiveness to improve the situation. Thus, more knowledge on interventions and analysis of their mechanisms is needed to reduce the risk of more adverse mental health problems (MHP). We conducted a scoping review to identify the relevant literature on individual and organizational interventions to improve mental health in health and social care workplaces. Data were gathered on target groups, intervention types and their effectiveness, and the outcomes of the interventions. We summarized this data thematically. The final review consisted of 76 studies. Mental health interventions primarily focused on health care workers rather than social care professionals. The interventions were mostly directed at individual workers, ignoring organizational-level interventions. They used a great variety of outcomes and questionnaires, and the questionnaires that measured the outcomes were used ambiguously. In most cases, the reported effectiveness of the studied interventions was incoherent, and many of the interventions had both statistically significant and non-significant effects. Evidence that interventions reduce the risk of work-related MHP is scarce. High-quality randomized controlled trials of interventions to promote mental health with more coherently formed outcomes are needed, especially on the organizational level. More interventions to improve social care professionals' mental health are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tuula Oksanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.
| | - Jaana Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, 90220, Finland.
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Kacem I, Kahloul M, El Arem S, Ayachi S, Hafsia M, Maoua M, Ben Othmane M, El Maalel O, Hmida W, Bouallague O, Ben Abdessalem K, Naija W, Mrizek N. Effects of music therapy on occupational stress and burn-out risk of operating room staff. Libyan J Med 2020; 15:1768024. [PMID: 32449482 PMCID: PMC7448868 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2020.1768024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The operating theatre staff is exposed to various constraints such as excessive working hours, severe medical conditions and dreadful consequences in case of malpractice. These working conditions may lead to high and chronic levels of stress, which can interfere with medical staff well-being and patients quality of care. The aim of this study is toassess the impact of music therapy on stress levels and burnout risk on the operating room staff. This is a pre-experimental study including the operating rooms staff of urology and maxillofacial surgery in the academic hospital of Sahloul Sousse (Tunisia) over a period of six weeks. The study consisted of three phases. The first was an initial assessment of stress level with a predefined survey. The second included three music therapy sessions per day over one month. The third was an immediate stress level reassessment following the intervention. Stress levels were evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale version PSS-10 and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The overall response rate was 73.9%.The average age of the study population was 37.8 ± 7.7 years with a female predominance (64.7%). After the music therapy program, Perceived Stress Scale average score decreased from 22 ± 8.9 to 16 ± 7.9 (p = 0.006). Concerning the burnout, only the average score of emotional exhaustion decreased significantly from 27 ± 10.8 to 19.2 ± 9.5 (p = 0.004). Music therapy is an innovative approach that seems to reduce operating theatre staff stress. It must be considered as a non pharmacological, simple, economic and non invasive preventive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kacem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Kahloul
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S El Arem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Urology, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Ayachi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Hafsia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Maoua
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Ben Othmane
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Urology, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - O El Maalel
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - W Hmida
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Urology, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - O Bouallague
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - K Ben Abdessalem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - W Naija
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - N Mrizek
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
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Raglio A, Bellandi D, Gianotti M, Zanacchi E, Gnesi M, Monti MC, Montomoli C, Vico F, Imbriani C, Giorgi I, Imbriani M. Daily music listening to reduce work-related stress: a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 42:e81-e87. [PMID: 30942385 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature shows that music can reduce stress conditions. This pilot study investigated the effects of music listening on work-related stress and well-being in healthcare professionals. METHOD A total of 45 subjects were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: No Music, Individualized Music and Melomics-Health Listening. Music groups experienced a daily 30-min-playlist listening for 3 weeks at home. The Maugeri Stress Index-Revised (MASI-R) and the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) were administered at baseline, after 3 weeks and after 7 weeks (follow-up). Longitudinal data were analyzed by means of a nested ANOVA model, testing the main effects of time and treatment and the interaction between them. RESULTS MASI-R scores showed a positive trend in music groups and a worsening in the control group. Only the interaction time/treatment emerged as supporting a trend toward statistical significance (P = 0.07). PGWBI showed a stability in music groups and a clear decline in controls, without significant effects. CONCLUSIONS Results from the study support the need for a larger clinical trial: it is suggested that daily music listening could be implemented to reduce work-related stress and that the effects may be related, not only to individual musical preferences and familiarity, but also to specific music structures and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raglio
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - D Bellandi
- Fondazione Istituto Ospedaliero di Sospiro, Piazza Libertà 2, Sospiro, Cremona 26048, Italy
| | - M Gianotti
- Fondazione Istituto Ospedaliero di Sospiro, Piazza Libertà 2, Sospiro, Cremona 26048, Italy
| | - E Zanacchi
- Fondazione Istituto Ospedaliero di Sospiro, Piazza Libertà 2, Sospiro, Cremona 26048, Italy
| | - M Gnesi
- Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - M C Monti
- Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - C Montomoli
- Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - F Vico
- ETSI Informatica, Andalucia Tech, University of Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 35, Malaga 29000, Spain
| | - C Imbriani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - I Giorgi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - M Imbriani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy
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8
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Raglio A, Oddone E, Morotti L, Khreiwesh Y, Zuddas C, Brusinelli J, Imbriani C, Imbriani M. Music in the workplace: A narrative literature review of intervention studies. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0046/jcim-2017-0046.xml. [PMID: 31644428 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Music is widely used in clinical and rehabilitative fields and recently also in the field of Occupational Medicine. This review aims at selecting the evidence-based studies regarding music interventions in workplaces. Methods In order to carry out a narrative literature review, two independent pairs of investigators searched in PubMed and PsycInfo databases to select Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) or Clinical Controlled Trials (CCTs) in English regarding music and music therapy interventions in workplaces; the trials were published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2000 to February 2017. Results Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Among these, ten were RCTs and four CCTs. The vast majority of RCTs were conducted on students or medical personnel (n=8), while only a few RCTs (n=2) were carried out on air traffic controllers or sick leave workers. Firefighters, computer systems developers, nursing students and office workers were studied through a CCT study design (n=4). Conclusions Psychological factors, communication, rehabilitative outcomes and cognitive and work performances seem to be the principal areas of interest in the field of music and occupational medicine, with possible economic benefits. Future studies should adopt rigorous methodological criteria to carry out larger samples on a wide range of professional categories and music/music therapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Raglio
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Oddone
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lara Morotti
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yasmin Khreiwesh
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Zuddas
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Brusinelli
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Imbriani
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Imbriani
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Ho AHY, Tan-Ho G, Ngo TA, Ong G, Chong PH, Dignadice D, Potash J. A novel mindful-compassion art therapy (MCAT) for reducing burnout and promoting resilience for end-of-life care professionals: a waitlist RCT protocol. Trials 2019; 20:406. [PMID: 31287010 PMCID: PMC6615114 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION End-of-life (EoL) care professionals are prone to burnout given the intense emotional nature of their work. Previous research supports the efficacy of art therapy in reducing work-related stress and enhancing emotional health among professional EoL caregivers. Integrating mindfulness meditation with art therapy and reflective awareness complementing emotional expression has immense potential for self-care and collegial support. Mindful-compassion art therapy (MCAT) is a novel, empirically informed, and highly structured intervention that aims to reduce work-related stress, cultivate resilience, and promote wellness. This study aims to assess the potential effectiveness of MCAT for supporting EoL care professionals in Singapore. METHODS This is an open-label waitlist randomized controlled trial. Sixty EoL care professionals, including doctors, nurses, social workers, and personal care workers, are randomly allocated to one of two groups: (i) an intervention group that receives MCAT immediately and (ii) a waitlist-control group that receives MCAT after the intervention group completes treatment. Face-to-face self-administered outcome assessments are collected at three different time points-baseline (T1) for both groups, post-intervention (T2), and 6-week follow-up (T3) for intervention group-as well as pre-intervention (T2) and post-intervention (T3) for the waitlist-control group. The primary outcome measure is burnout, and secondary measures include emotional regulation, resilience, compassion, quality of life, and death attitudes. Between- and within-participant comparisons of outcomes are conducted, and the appropriate effect size estimates are reported. An acceptability and feasibility study is to be conducted by using a triangulation of qualitative data with framework analysis. DISCUSSION The outcomes of this study will contribute to advancements in both theories and practices for supporting professional EoL caregivers around the world. It will also inform policy makers about the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of delivering a multimodal psycho-socio-spiritual intervention within a community institutional setting. The study has received ethical approval from the institutional review board of Nanyang Technological University. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03440606 . Retrospectively registered February 21, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Hau Yan Ho
- Psychology Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Drive, HSS-04-03, Singapore, 637332, Singapore. .,Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18, Clinical Science Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore. .,The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308436, Singapore.
| | - Geraldine Tan-Ho
- Psychology Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Drive, HSS-04-03, Singapore, 637332, Singapore
| | - Thuy Anh Ngo
- Psychology Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Drive, HSS-04-03, Singapore, 637332, Singapore
| | - Grace Ong
- Assisi Hospice, 832 Thomson Road, Singapore, 574627, Singapore
| | - Poh Heng Chong
- HCA Hospice Care, 12 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308437, Singapore
| | - Dennis Dignadice
- HCA Hospice Care, 12 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308437, Singapore
| | - Jordan Potash
- Art Therapy Programme, Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, George Washington University, 413 John Carlyle Street, Second Floor, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
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Kalra S, Das AK, Baruah MP, Unnikrishnan AG, Dasgupta A, Shah P, Sahay R, Shukla R, Das S, Tiwaskar M, Vijayakumar G, Chawla M, Eliana F, Suastika K, Orabi A, Rahim AAA, Uloko A, Lamptey R, Ngugi N, Bahendeka S, Abdela AA, Mohammed F, Pathan MF, Rahman MH, Afsana F, Selim S, Moosa M, Murad M, Shreshtha PK, Shreshtha D, Giri M, Hussain W, Al-Ani A, Ramaiya K, Singh S, Raza SA, Aye TT, Garusinghe C, Muthukuda D, Weerakkody M, Kahandawa S, Bavuma C, Ruder S, Vanny K, Khanolkar M, Czupryniak L. Euthymia in Diabetes: Clinical Evidence and Practice-Based Opinion from an International Expert Group. Diabetes Ther 2019; 10:791-804. [PMID: 31012081 PMCID: PMC6531538 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-019-0614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop an evidence-based expert group opinion on various types of euthymia associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its management. BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by diverse biomedical and psychosocial features. Emotional health disturbances may lead to psychological and psychiatric dysfunction and may negatively influence glycemic control. Patients with DM may experience diabetes distress (DD) associated with burden of self-care, interpersonal issues, and emotional worries regarding the ability to cope with the illness. Euthymia or a state of positive mental health and psychological well-being should be considered a key outcome of diabetes care. Therefore, to achieve optimal outcomes, the consideration and measurement of psychological and psychiatric aspects along with glycemic levels are very important. A group of multidisciplinary clinical experts came together in an international meeting held in India to develop a workable concept for euthymia in diabetes care. A multidisciplinary approach was suggested to enhance the clinical outcomes and facilitate patient-centered care. During the meeting emphasis was given to the concept of a euthymia model in diabetes care. This model focuses on enhancement of self-care skills in diabetic patients and preventative health awareness among diabetes care providers. Euthymia also encompasses patient-provider communication to aid enhancement of coping skills. RESULTS After due discussions and extensive deliberations, the expert group provided several recommendations on implementing the concept of euthymia in DM care. CONCLUSIONS Introduction of the concept of euthymia in routine clinical practice is important to improve the quality of life and coping skills in patients with DM. A timely clinical assessment of psychological and psychiatric aspects along with patient-reported outcomes of diabetes contributes to overall health and well-being of affected individuals. FUNDING Sanofi India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and BRIDE, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - A K Das
- Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - M P Baruah
- Department of Endocrinology, Excel Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - A G Unnikrishnan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Chellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arundhati Dasgupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Rudraksh Superspecialty Care, Siliguri, India
| | - Parag Shah
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Gujarat Endocrine Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rishi Shukla
- Department of Endocrinology, Regency Hospital Ltd., Kanpur, India
| | - Sambit Das
- Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mangesh Tiwaskar
- Department of Diabetology, Shilpa Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - G Vijayakumar
- Department of Diabetology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Manoj Chawla
- Department of Diabetology, Lina Diabetes Care and Mumbai Diabetes Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Fatimah Eliana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Suastika
- Indonesian Association of Endocrinology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abbas Orabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Andrew Uloko
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Roberta Lamptey
- Department of Family Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana, School of Public Health Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nancy Ngugi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Silver Bahendeka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Fariduddin Mohammed
- Department of Endocrinology of Bangabandhu Sheikh, Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Faruque Pathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Faria Afsana
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shajada Selim
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muaz Moosa
- Department of internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Malé, Maldives
| | - Moosa Murad
- Department of internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Malé, Maldives
| | | | - Dina Shreshtha
- Department of Endocrinologist, Norvic International Hospital Kathmandu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mimi Giri
- Department of Endocrinology, Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Wiam Hussain
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Dr Wiam Clinic, Royal Hospital, Awali Hospital, Awali, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed Al-Ani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kaushik Ramaiya
- Department of Diabetology, Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aster Al Raffah Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Syed Abbas Raza
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaukat Khanum Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Than Than Aye
- Myanmar Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Chaminda Garusinghe
- Department of Endocrinology, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dimuthu Muthukuda
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Jayawardenapura General Hospital, Sri Jayawardenapure Kotte, Sri Lanka
| | - Muditha Weerakkody
- Department of Endocrinology, Teaching Hospital Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Charlotte Bavuma
- College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Sundeep Ruder
- Department of Endocrinology and metabolism, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Koy Vanny
- Department of Diabetes and endocrinology, Dr KoyVanny Diabetes & Endocrine Clinic, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Manish Khanolkar
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Leszek Czupryniak
- Department of Diabetology & Internal Medicine, Medical university of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Ascenso S, Perkins R, Atkins L, Fancourt D, Williamon A. Promoting well-being through group drumming with mental health service users and their carers. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2018; 13:1484219. [PMID: 29989487 PMCID: PMC6041820 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2018.1484219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Music has been linked with well-being across clinical and community settings. Yet, research has focused on assessment of single dimensions of well-being and on the typical receiver of support services. Acknowledging the burden that a caring role encompasses and integrating recent proposals for a multifaceted definition of well-being, we explore the extent to which group drumming interventions translate into multidimensional well-being change for both mental health service users and carers. Method: Thirty-nine participants engaged in one of a series of community drumming programmes were assessed via semi-structured interviews (n = 11) and focus groups (n = 28) at the end of each programme. Data were analysed using IPA. Results and Conclusion: Emotional, psychological and social dimensions of well-being emerged for both patients and carers, accounted for through six themes: (1) hedonia: positive affect and pleasant physical effects of drumming; (2) agency: initiative and sense of control; (3) accomplishment: non-specific and in relation to musical goals; (4) engagement, through focus and flow; (5) a redefinition of self, through self-awareness, construction of a positive identity, self-prospection and incorporation of a musical identity; and (6) social well-being, through connectedness and positive relationships. The potential of such interventions for clinical contexts is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ascenso
- a Centre for Performance Science , Royal College of Music , London , UK
| | - Rosie Perkins
- a Centre for Performance Science , Royal College of Music , London , UK.,b Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Louise Atkins
- a Centre for Performance Science , Royal College of Music , London , UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- a Centre for Performance Science , Royal College of Music , London , UK.,b Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Aaron Williamon
- a Centre for Performance Science , Royal College of Music , London , UK.,b Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College , London , UK
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Tjasink M, Soosaipillai G. Art therapy to reduce burnout in oncology and palliative care doctors: a pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ART THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17454832.2018.1490327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Martin L, Oepen R, Bauer K, Nottensteiner A, Mergheim K, Gruber H, Koch SC. Creative Arts Interventions for Stress Management and Prevention-A Systematic Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8020028. [PMID: 29470435 PMCID: PMC5836011 DOI: 10.3390/bs8020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is one of the world's largest health problems, leading to exhaustion, burnout, anxiety, a weak immune system, or even organ damage. In Germany, stress-induced work absenteeism costs about 20 billion Euros per year. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Central Federal Association of the public Health Insurance Funds in Germany ascribes particular importance to stress prevention and stress management as well as health enhancing measures. Building on current integrative and embodied stress theories, Creative Arts Therapies (CATs) or arts interventions are an innovative way to prevent stress and improve stress management. CATs encompass art, music, dance/movement, and drama therapy as their four major modalities. In order to obtain an overview of CATs and arts interventions' efficacy in the context of stress reduction and management, we conducted a systematic review with a search in the following data bases: Academic Search Complete, ERIC, Medline, Psyndex, PsycINFO and SocINDEX. Studies were included employing the PICOS principle and rated according to their evidence level. We included 37 studies, 73% of which were randomized controlled trials. 81.1% of the included studies reported a significant reduction of stress in the participants due to interventions of one of the four arts modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Martin
- Research Institute for Creative Arts Therapies (RIArT), Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, Alfter/Bonn, Villestr. 3, 53347 Alfter, Germany.
| | - Renate Oepen
- Research Institute for Creative Arts Therapies (RIArT), Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, Alfter/Bonn, Villestr. 3, 53347 Alfter, Germany.
| | - Katharina Bauer
- Department for Therapy Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Maria-Probst-Str. 3, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Katja Mergheim
- Schoen-Klinik, Hofgarten 10, 34454 Bad Arolsen, Germany.
| | - Harald Gruber
- Research Institute for Creative Arts Therapies (RIArT), Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, Alfter/Bonn, Villestr. 3, 53347 Alfter, Germany.
| | - Sabine C Koch
- Research Institute for Creative Arts Therapies (RIArT), Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, Alfter/Bonn, Villestr. 3, 53347 Alfter, Germany.
- Department for Therapy Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Maria-Probst-Str. 3, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Beck BD, Hansen ÅM, Gold C. Coping with Work-Related Stress through Guided Imagery and Music (GIM): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Music Ther 2015; 52:323-52. [PMID: 26424362 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thv011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term stress-related sick leave constitutes a serious health threat and an economic burden on both the single worker and the society. Effective interventions for the rehabilitation and facilitation of return to work are needed. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the effects of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM), a psychotherapy intervention including relaxation, music listening, and imagery, on biopsychosocial measures of work-related stress. METHODS Twenty Danish workers on sick leave were randomized to music therapy versus wait-list control. Data collection was carried out at an occupational health ward in the period 2008-2010. Changes in salivary cortisol, testosterone, and melatonin were explored, and self-reported data on psychological stress symptoms (perceived stress, mood disturbance, sleep quality, physical distress symptoms, work readiness, well-being, anxiety, depression, immediate stress) were collected. Data regarding sick leave situation and job return were collected from participants throughout the study. RESULTS Significant beneficial effects of GIM compared to wait-list after nine weeks with large effect sizes were found in well-being, mood disturbance, and physical distress, and in cortisol concentrations with a medium effect size. A comparison between early and late intervention as related to the onset of sick leave showed faster job return and significantly improved perceived stress, well-being, mood disturbance, depression, anxiety, and physical distress symptoms in favor of early intervention. In the whole sample, 83% of the participants had returned to work at nine weeks' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that GIM is a promising treatment for work-related chronic stress, and further studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolette Daniels Beck
- Department of Communication, Aalborg University, Denmark Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, affiliated to the National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark GAMUT-The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, Uni Research Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Communication, Aalborg University, Denmark Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, affiliated to the National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark GAMUT-The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, Uni Research Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Gold
- Department of Communication, Aalborg University, Denmark Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, affiliated to the National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark GAMUT-The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, Uni Research Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
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Chen CP, Haller S. The role of career counselling in supporting career well-being of nurses. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1038416214555772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of occupational and career burnout in nurses has received recent attention from academia, the media, and health care practitioners. Research surrounding career burnout often adopts a health perspective and focuses on the psychological well-being of nurses. While acknowledging the vital importance of a health perspective, this article contends that the ability to cultivate a sense of career well-being may act as an antidote to the occupational and career burnout in the nursing profession. To examine the relationship between career burnout and career well-being in nurses, the article explores the many ways career counsellors can be of service to clients in the nursing profession, improving clients’ career well-being via the enhancement of effective coping skills. In particular, the phenomenon of career burnout and its related issues and factors in nurses are identified and analysed. Guided by key tenets from career development theoretical approaches, counselling interventions are proposed to address the unique occupational burnout issue in the nursing profession, aiming to further the career well-being of nurses.
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Potash JS, Chan F, Ho AHY, Wang XL, Cheng C. A Model for Art Therapy-Based Supervision for End-of-Life Care Workers in Hong Kong. DEATH STUDIES 2015; 39:44-51. [PMID: 24870589 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2013.859187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
End-of-life care workers and volunteers are particularly prone to burnout given the intense emotional and existential nature of their work. Supervision is one important way to provide adequate support that focuses on both professional and personal competencies. The inclusion of art therapy principles and practices within supervision further creates a dynamic platform for sustained self-reflection. A 6-week art therapy-based supervision group provided opportunities for developing emotional awareness, recognizing professional strengths, securing collegial relationships, and reflecting on death-related memories. The structure, rationale, and feedback are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Potash
- a Centre on Behavioral Health and Department of Social Work and Social Administration , University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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Maricuţoiu LP, Sava FA, Butta O. The effectiveness of controlled interventions on employees’ burnout: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florin A. Sava
- Department of Psychology; West University of Timişoara; Romania
| | - Oana Butta
- Department of Psychology; West University of Timişoara; Romania
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Potash JS, Ho AHY, Chan F, Wang XL, Cheng C. Can art therapy reduce death anxiety and burnout in end-of-life care workers? A quasi-experimental study. Int J Palliat Nurs 2014; 20:233-40. [DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2014.20.5.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of training nurses in Jin Shin Jyutsu® self-care methods and to correlate the training with measurement of the nurses’ personal and organizational stress and their perceptions of their caring efficacy for patients. Design: A quasi-experimental, pretest, posttest, and 30- to 40-day posttest design was used. Method: In all, 20 participants received three 2-hour Jin Shin Jyutsu self-care training sessions from a certified Jin Shin Jyutsu self-care trainer (who was also a registered nurse). The training took place over a 1-month period, and participants agreed to practice the self-care daily. Two study instruments, one measuring organizational and personal stress and the second measuring caring efficacy, were completed before the first training, after the last training, and 1 month after the trainings had been completed. Findings: Analysis of data from the Personal and Organizational Quality Assessment–Revised by paired t tests showed significant increases in positive outlook, gratitude, motivation, calmness, and communication effectiveness and significant decreases in anger, resentfulness, depression, stress symptoms, time pressure, and morale issues. Nurses reported less muscle aches, sleeplessness, and headaches. Analysis of the Coates Caring Efficacy Scale measures showed statistically significant increases in nurses’ caring efficacy in areas of serenity in giving care, tuning in to patients, relating to patients, providing culturally congruent care, individualization of patient care, ability to decrease stressful situations, planning for multiple needs, and creativity in care. Conclusions: This small study suggests that Jin Shin Jyutsu self-care may be a valuable tool for nurses, to decrease stress, both emotional and physical, and increase caring efficacy. Administrators may wish to invest in such a program, which may improve quality of care delivered. The Watson caring model, which reminds us that nurses who care for themselves and feel good about their work can better care for others, proved an accurate framework for this study.
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Craiovan PM. Correlations between Perfectionism, Stress, Psychopathological Symptoms and Burnout in the Medical Field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Romani M, Ashkar K. Burnout among physicians. Libyan J Med 2014; 9:23556. [PMID: 24560380 PMCID: PMC3929077 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v9.23556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout is a common syndrome seen in healthcare workers, particularly physicians who are exposed to a high level of stress at work; it includes emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. Burnout among physicians has garnered significant attention because of the negative impact it renders on patient care and medical personnel. Physicians who had high burnout levels reportedly committed more medical errors. Stress management programs that range from relaxation to cognitive-behavioral and patient-centered therapy have been found to be of utmost significance when it comes to preventing and treating burnout. However, evidence is insufficient to support that stress management programs can help reducing job-related stress beyond the intervention period, and similarly mindfulness-based stress reduction interventions efficiently reduce psychological distress and negative vibes, and encourage empathy while significantly enhancing physicians' quality of life. On the other hand, a few small studies have suggested that Balint sessions can have a promising positive effect in preventing burnout; moreover exercises can reduce anxiety levels and exhaustion symptoms while improving the mental and physical well-being of healthcare workers. Occupational interventions in the work settings can also improve the emotional and work-induced exhaustion. Combining both individual and organizational interventions can have a good impact in reducing burnout scores among physicians; therefore, multidisciplinary actions that include changes in the work environmental factors along with stress management programs that teach people how to cope better with stressful events showed promising solutions to manage burnout. However, until now there have been no rigorous studies to prove this. More interventional research targeting medical students, residents, and practicing physicians are needed in order to improve psychological well-being, professional careers, as well as the quality of care provided to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Romani
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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