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Liu CF, Chien LW. Associations between DEET, Organophosphorus Insecticides, and Handgrip Strength in Diabetes: An NHANES Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1461. [PMID: 39062034 PMCID: PMC11274853 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been shown to be related. It has been demonstrated that pesticides/insecticides are linked to various health issues, including DM. This study investigated the relationships between exposure to pesticides/insecticides and muscle strength among community-dwelling DM patients in a national sample of the United States (US). METHODS Data from the 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) on people aged 20 years with diabetes were retrieved. A digital dynamometer was used to quantify handgrip strength, and urine pesticide concentrations were determined through laboratory testing. Regression models were used to investigate the relationship between pesticide/insecticide exposure and handgrip strength. RESULTS After weighting, the data from 412 NHANES participants represented 6,696,865 U.S. inhabitants. The mean age of the participants was 58.8 years. High para-nitrophenol levels (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1) were shown to be associated with lower handgrip strength in both males (aBeta = -7.25, 95% CI: -11.25, -3.25) and females (aBeta = -3.73, 95% CI: -6.89, -0.56). Further, females with elevated 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidinol had decreased handgrip strength. Desethyl hydroxy N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) was inversely related to handgrip strength in men aged ≥60 years. DEET acid and para-nitrophenol were inversely correlated to handgrip strength in women over 60 years. CONCLUSIONS This study has linked certain pesticides/insecticides to decreased muscle strength in people with diabetes. Para-nitrophenol, in particular, is negatively related to muscular strength in both males and females, and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidinol is inversely related to muscle strength in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Liu
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Koc S, Gultekin ZN, Kahraman S, Cengiz A, Polat B, Caliskan C, Yildirim T, Tufan-Cetin O, Cetin H. Exploring the Larvicidal and Repellent Potential of Taurus Cedar ( Cedrus libani) Tar against the Brown Dog Tick ( Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato). Molecules 2023; 28:7689. [PMID: 38067421 PMCID: PMC10707419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential acaricidal and repellent effects of tar obtained from the Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) against the brown dog tick species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae). The goal was to find an alternative, safe, and effective way to eliminate ticks. Tar is traditionally extracted from cedar trees in the Antalya region of Türkiye. The composition of the tar is primarily characterized by a diverse mixture of terpenes, with β-himachalene (29.16%), α-atlantone (28.7%), ar-turmerone (8.82%), longifolene-(V4) (6.66%), α-himachalene (5.28%), and β-turmerone (5.12%) emerging as the predominant constituents. The toxic effects of tar on tick larvae were studied through larval immersion tests (LIT), and its repellent activity was evaluated using a new larval repellent activity test (LRAT). The results revealed significant acaricidal effects, with mortality rates of 77.7% and 82.2% for the Konyaalti and Kepez strains of the brown dog tick, respectively, in response to a 1% concentration of tar. LC50 and LC90 values were determined as 0.47% and 1.52% for the Kepez strain and 0.58% and 1.63% for the Konyaalti strain, respectively. When comparing the repellent effect of tar to the widely used synthetic repellent DEET, repellency rates of up to 100% were observed. As a result, this study establishes, for the first time, the larvicidal and repellent effects of C. libani tar on ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samed Koc
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
- Laboratory Animals Application and Research Centre, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Nur Gultekin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Sevval Kahraman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Aysegul Cengiz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Burak Polat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Cansu Caliskan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Tolga Yildirim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
| | - Ozge Tufan-Cetin
- Department of Environmental Protection Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye;
| | - Huseyin Cetin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Türkiye; (Z.N.G.)
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Yan S, Wang J, Xu J, Jiang W, Xiong M, Cao Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang T, Wang Z, Sun C, Hou S, Wei W. Exposure to N,N-diethyl- m-toluamide and cardiovascular diseases in adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:922005. [PMID: 36267998 PMCID: PMC9576625 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.922005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although growing evidence suggests that N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) has adverse effects on public health, the relationship of DEET with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still largely unknown. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the association between DEET exposure and total and specific CVD among the US adults. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 5,972 participants were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014. CVD was defined as a combination of congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary heart disease (CHD), angina, heart attack, or stroke. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between DEET metabolites and the risks of total and specific CVD. Compared to the lowest quartile, 3-(diethylcarbamoyl) benzoic acid (DCBA) in the highest quartile was associated with the increased risks of CVD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.03-1.68, P for trend = 0.025) and CHD (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.10-2.25, P for trend = 0.017), after adjustment for potential covariates. Nevertheless, exposure to DCBA was not significantly associated with heart attack, CHF, angina, and stroke. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and identify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiaxu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Menglin Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziteng Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tongfang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Wei Wei
| | - Shaoying Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Shaoying Hou
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Changhao Sun
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Mosquito Repellents: Efficacy Tests of Commercial Skin-Applied Products in China. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175534. [PMID: 36080301 PMCID: PMC9458079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prevention tool for mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito repellents have received substantial attention. To make a convincing recommendation for repellent products to Chinese consumers, we compared the protection time (landing time and probing time) of the 26 best-selling commercial repellents in the Chinese market in a controlled laboratory environment. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Meanwhile, prices and favorable rates of repellents are also taken into consideration. In our study, N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)-based products provided the longest protection time (0.5–3.88 h landing time and/or 1–5.63 h probing time) and lower prices (13.9–21.9 yuan) than other components (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535), picaridin, and botanical. Among the 26 selected products, only 17 repellents showed repellency, and the best repellent was Green Jungle (15% DEET), with a mean (±SD) landing and/or probing time of 3.88 ± 1.65 h and/or 5.63 ± 0.36 h. For botanicals, only ICE King, OMNIbaby, and Ren He showed a little repellency. Autan (20% picaridin) performed best in the picaridin group. Run Ben (7% IR3535) stood out from the IR3535 group. In conclusion, DEET repellent is highly recommended to consumers. The combination of botanicals and synthesized chemicals is a new prospect for eco-friendly repellents.
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Development of an observational exposure human biomonitoring study to assess Canadian children’s DEET exposure during protective use. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268341. [PMID: 35925987 PMCID: PMC9352095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomonitoring data of N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) in children is scarce and limited to controlled exposure and surveillance studies. We conducted a 24-hour observational exposure and human biomonitoring study designed to estimate use of and exposure to DEET-based insect repellents by Canadian children in an overnight summer camp setting. Here, we present our study design and methodology. In 2019, children between the ages of 7 and 13 took part in the study (n = 126). Children controlled their use of DEET-based insect repellents, and provided an account of their activities at camp that could impact insect repellent absorption. Children provided a total of 389 urine samples throughout the study day, and reported the time that they applied insect repellent, which allowed us to contextualize urinary DEET and metabolite concentrations with respect to the timing of insect repellent application. DEET (2.3% <Limits of detection (LOD)) and two metabolites, N,N-diethyl-m-(hydroxymethyl)benzamide (DHMB) (0% <LOD) and 3-diethylcarbamoyl benzoic acid (DCBA) (0% <LOD), were measured in urine samples. Three time difference scenarios were established for the data and analysed to account for these complex time-dependent data, which demonstrated the need for DEET biomonitoring to be done in context with the timing of a known DEET exposure or over the course of at least 14 to 24 hours to better capture the excretion curve. To our knowledge, this is the first field-based study of real-world exposure to DEET in children. Our experience and results suggest that this type of real-world observational exposure study with a human biomonitoring component can generate data reflective of actual exposure, but is not without significant logistic, practical, and analytical challenges.
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Ferreira I, Brünig H, Focke W, Boldt R, Androsch R, Leuteritz A. Melt-Spun Poly(D,L-lactic acid) Monofilaments Containing N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide as Mosquito Repellent. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030638. [PMID: 33573227 PMCID: PMC7866511 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is still a major tropical disease, with Africa particularly burdened. It has been proposed that outdoor protection could aid substantially in reducing the malaria incidence rate in rural African communities. Recently, melt-spun polyolefin fibers containing mosquito repellents have been shown to be promising materials to this end. In this study, the incorporation of N,N‑Diethyl‑3‑methylbenzamide (DEET)-a popular and widely available mosquito repellent-in commercially available, amorphous poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) is investigated with the aim of producing biodegradable mosquito-repelling filaments with a reduced environmental impact. It is shown to be possible to produce macroscopically stable PDLLA-DEET compounds containing up to 20 wt.-% DEET that can be melt-spun to produce filaments, albeit at relatively low take-up speeds. A critical DEET content allows for stress-induced crystallization during the spinning of the otherwise amorphous PDLLA, resulting in the formation of α-crystals. Although the mechanical integrity of the filaments is notably impacted by the incorporation of DEET, these filaments show potential as materials that can be used for Malaria vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Ferreira
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (I.F.); (H.B.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Applied Materials and Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa;
| | - Harald Brünig
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (I.F.); (H.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Walter Focke
- Institute of Applied Materials and Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa;
| | - Regine Boldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (I.F.); (H.B.); (R.B.)
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Andreas Leuteritz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (I.F.); (H.B.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-4658-378
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Duarte JL, Taira TC, Di Filippo LD, Fonseca-Santos B, Pinto MC, Chorilli M. Novel bioadhesive polycarbophil-based liquid crystal systems containing Melaleuca alternifolia oil as potential repellents against Aedes aegypti. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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