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Zmorzynski S, Kimicka-Szajwaj A, Szajwaj A, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J, Wojcierowski J. Genetic Changes in Mastocytes and Their Significance in Mast Cell Tumor Prognosis and Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:137. [PMID: 38275618 PMCID: PMC10815783 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors are a large group of diseases occurring in dogs, cats, mice, as well as in humans. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a disease involving the accumulation of mast cells in organs. KIT gene mutations are very often seen in abnormal mast cells. In SM, high KIT/CD117 expression is observed; however, there are usually no KIT gene mutations present. Mastocytoma (MCT)-a form of cutaneous neoplasm-is common in animals but quite rare in humans. KIT/CD117 receptor mutations were studied as the typical changes for human mastocytosis. In 80% of human cases, the KIT gene substitution p.D816H was present. In about 25% of MCTs, metastasis was observed. Changes in the gene expression of certain genes, such as overexpression of the DNAJ3A3 gene, promote metastasis. In contrast, the SNORD93 gene blocks the expression of metastasis genes. The panel of miR-21-5p, miR-379, and miR-885 has a good efficiency in discriminating healthy and MCT-affected dogs, as well as MCT-affected dogs with and without nodal metastasis. Further studies on the pathobiology of mast cells can lead to clinical improvements, such as better MCT diagnosis and treatment. Our paper reviews studies on the topic of mast cells, which have been carried out over the past few years.
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Valent P, Akin C, Sperr WR, Horny HP, Arock M, Metcalfe DD, Galli SJ. New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastocytosis: Emerging Concepts in Diagnosis and Therapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:361-386. [PMID: 36270293 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms defined by a numerical increase and accumulation of clonal mast cells (MCs) in various organ systems. The disease may present as cutaneous mastocytosis or systemic mastocytosis (SM). On the basis of histopathological and molecular features, clinical variables, and organ involvement, SM is divided into indolent SM, smoldering SM, SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm, aggressive SM, and MC leukemia. Each variant is defined by unique diagnostic criteria and a unique spectrum of clinical presentations. A key driver of MC expansion and disease evolution is the oncogenic machinery triggered by mutant forms of KIT. The genetic background, additional somatic mutations, and comorbidities also contribute to the course and prognosis. Patients with SM may also suffer from mediator-related symptoms or even an MC activation syndrome. This article provides an update of concepts on the genetics, etiology, and pathology of mastocytosis, with emphasis on diagnostic criteria and new treatment concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix Hospital, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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3
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Huang D, Feng X, Yang H, Wang J, Zhang W, Fan X, Dong X, Chen K, Yu Y, Ma X, Yi X, Li M. QTLbase2: an enhanced catalog of human quantitative trait loci on extensive molecular phenotypes. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:D1122-D1128. [PMID: 36330927 PMCID: PMC9825467 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the fine-scale molecular mechanisms that shape the genetic effects at disease-associated loci from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remains challenging. The key avenue is to identify the essential molecular phenotypes that mediate the causal variant and disease under particular biological conditions. Therefore, integrating GWAS signals with context-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) (such as different tissue/cell types, disease states, and perturbations) from extensive molecular phenotypes would present important strategies for full understanding of disease genetics. Via persistent curation and systematic data processing of large-scale human molecular trait QTLs (xQTLs), we updated our previous QTLbase database (now QTLbase2, http://mulinlab.org/qtlbase) to comprehensively analyze and visualize context-specific QTLs across 22 molecular phenotypes and over 95 tissue/cell types. Overall, the resource features the following major updates and novel functions: (i) 960 more genome-wide QTL summary statistics from 146 independent studies; (ii) new data for 10 previously uncompiled QTL types; (iii) variant query scope expanded to fit 195 QTL datasets based on whole-genome sequencing; (iv) supports filtering and comparison of QTLs for different biological conditions, such as stimulation types and disease states; (v) a new linkage disequilibrium viewer to facilitate variant prioritization across tissue/cell types and QTL types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongxi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xutong Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobao Dong
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Xin Ma.
| | - Xianfu Yi
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Xianfu Yi.
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 22 83336668; Fax: +86 22 83336668;
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4
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Molderings GJ. Systemic mast cell activation disease variants and certain genetically determined comorbidities may be consequences of a common underlying epigenetic disease. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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González-López O, Muñoz-González JI, Orfao A, Álvarez-Twose I, García-Montero AC. Comprehensive Analysis of Acquired Genetic Variants and Their Prognostic Impact in Systemic Mastocytosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102487. [PMID: 35626091 PMCID: PMC9139197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare clonal haematopoietic stem cell disease in which activating KIT mutations (most commonly KIT D816V) are present in virtually every (>90%) adult patient at similar frequencies among non-advanced and advanced forms of SM. The KIT D816V mutation is considered the most common pathogenic driver of SM. Acquisition of this mutation early during haematopoiesis may cause multilineage involvement of haematopoiesis by KIT D816V, which has been associated with higher tumour burden and additional mutations in other genes, leading to an increased rate of transformation to advanced SM. Thus, among other mutations, alterations in around 30 genes that are also frequently mutated in other myeloid neoplasms have been reported in SM cases. From these genes, 12 (i.e., ASXL1, CBL, DNMT3A, EZH2, JAK2, KRAS, NRAS, SF3B1, RUNX1, SF3B1, SRSF2, TET2) have been recurrently reported to be mutated in SM. Because of all the above, assessment of multilineage involvement of haematopoiesis by the KIT D816V mutation, in the setting of multi-mutated haematopoiesis as revealed by a limited panel of genes (i.e., ASXL1, CBL, DNMT3A, EZH2, NRAS, RUNX1 and SRSF2) and associated with a poorer patient outcome, has become of great help to identify SM patients at higher risk of disease progression and/or poor survival who could benefit from closer follow-up and eventually also early cytoreductive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar González-López
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca and Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (O.G.-L.); (J.I.M.-G.); (A.O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier I. Muñoz-González
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca and Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (O.G.-L.); (J.I.M.-G.); (A.O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca and Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (O.G.-L.); (J.I.M.-G.); (A.O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iván Álvarez-Twose
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast, Virgen del Valle Hospital) and REMA, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Andrés C. García-Montero
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine, Universidad de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca and Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (O.G.-L.); (J.I.M.-G.); (A.O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Pharm.D. MA, Hoermann G, Sotlar K, Hermine O, Sperr WR, Hartmann K, Brockow K, Akin C, Triggiani M, Broesby-Olsen S, Reiter A, Gotlib J, Horny HP, Orfao A, Metcalfe DD, Valent P. Clinical Impact and Proposed Application of Molecular Markers, Genetic Variants and Cytogenetic Analysis in Mast Cell Neoplasms: Status 2022. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1855-1865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Balagué-Dobón L, Cáceres A, González JR. Fully exploiting SNP arrays: a systematic review on the tools to extract underlying genomic structure. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6535682. [PMID: 35211719 PMCID: PMC8921734 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant type of genomic variation and the most accessible to genotype in large cohorts. However, they individually explain a small proportion of phenotypic differences between individuals. Ancestry, collective SNP effects, structural variants, somatic mutations or even differences in historic recombination can potentially explain a high percentage of genomic divergence. These genetic differences can be infrequent or laborious to characterize; however, many of them leave distinctive marks on the SNPs across the genome allowing their study in large population samples. Consequently, several methods have been developed over the last decade to detect and analyze different genomic structures using SNP arrays, to complement genome-wide association studies and determine the contribution of these structures to explain the phenotypic differences between individuals. We present an up-to-date collection of available bioinformatics tools that can be used to extract relevant genomic information from SNP array data including population structure and ancestry; polygenic risk scores; identity-by-descent fragments; linkage disequilibrium; heritability and structural variants such as inversions, copy number variants, genetic mosaicisms and recombination histories. From a systematic review of recently published applications of the methods, we describe the main characteristics of R packages, command-line tools and desktop applications, both free and commercial, to help make the most of a large amount of publicly available SNP data.
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A murine Kitl allele regulates skin mast cell density across 58 collaborative mouse cross strains. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2275-2280.e4. [PMID: 35065133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Choi BY, Han M, Kwak JW, Kim TH. Genetics and Epigenetics in Allergic Rhinitis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122004. [PMID: 34946955 PMCID: PMC8700872 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is associated with genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is an advanced technique in the field of molecular genetics that is closely correlated with genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in large population groups with allergic diseases. Many recent studies have paid attention to the role of epigenetics, including alteration of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNA levels in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. In this review article, genetics and epigenetics of allergic rhinitis, including information regarding functions and significance of previously known and newly-discovered genes, are summarized. Directions for future genetic and epigenetic studies of allergic rhinitis are also proposed.
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Seidel H, Hertfelder HJ, Oldenburg J, Kruppenbacher JP, Afrin LB, Molderings GJ. Effects of Primary Mast Cell Disease on Hemostasis and Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168960. [PMID: 34445665 PMCID: PMC8396658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell disease is an epigenetically and genetically determined disease entity with very diverse clinical manifestations in potentially every system and tissue due to inap pro priate release of variable subsets of mast cell mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically normal or altered mast cells. Easy bruising, excessive bleeding, and aberrancies of erythropoiesis can frequently be observed in patients with mast cell disease. A thorough history, including a family history, will guide the appropriate work-up, and laboratory evaluations may provide clues to diagnosis. In recent years, our understanding of the involvement of coagulation and anticoagulant pathways, the fibrinolytic system, and erythropoiesis in the pathophysiology of mast cell disease has increased considerably. This review summarizes current knowledge of the impact of the disturbed hemostatic and erythropoietic balance in patients with mast cell disease and describes options of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Seidel
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Transfusion Medicine (CBT), Am Propsthof 3, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.S.); (H.-J.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Hans-Jörg Hertfelder
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Transfusion Medicine (CBT), Am Propsthof 3, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.S.); (H.-J.H.); (J.P.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Johannes P. Kruppenbacher
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Transfusion Medicine (CBT), Am Propsthof 3, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.S.); (H.-J.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Lawrence B. Afrin
- Department of Mast Cell Studies, AIM Center for Personalized Medicine, 3010 Westchester Ave Suite 404, Purchase, NY 10577, USA;
| | - Gerhard J. Molderings
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-287-51000
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11
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Tanasi I, Bonifacio M, Pizzolato M, Irene Grifoni F, Sciumè M, Elena C, Benvenuti P, Mannelli F, Parente R, Schena D, Scaffidi L, Bonadonna P, Papayannidis C, Rondoni M, Criscuolo M, Vannucchi AM, Triggiani M, Martinelli G, Krampera M, Zanotti R. Familial occurrence of systemic and cutaneous mastocytosis in an adult multicentre series. Br J Haematol 2021; 193:845-848. [PMID: 33754335 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tanasi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Miriam Pizzolato
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Irene Grifoni
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Sciumè
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Elena
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Benvenuti
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannelli
- CRIMM Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Hematology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Parente
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Donatella Schena
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Scaffidi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bonadonna
- Allergy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michela Rondoni
- Hematology Unit, Ospedale Santa Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marianna Criscuolo
- Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- CRIMM Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Hematology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Zanotti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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