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Sautour M, Guilloteau A, Valot S, Basmaciyan L, Bailly E, Sixt N, Tetu J, Lafon I, Caillot D, Dalle F. Risk of fungal exposure in the homes of patients with hematologic malignancies. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101492. [PMID: 38865808 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hematological malignancies are at a high risk of developing invasive fungal infections (IFI) because they undergo several cycles of treatment leading to episodes of neutropenia. In addition, they alternate between hospital stays and periods spent at home. Thus, when an IFI is diagnosed during their hospital stays, it is highly challenging to identify the origin of the fungal contamination. The objective of this study was to analyze at home fungal exposure of 20 patients with leukemia by taking air and water samples in their living residence. METHODS Air was sampled in 3 rooms of each home with a portable air system impactor. Tap water was collected at 3 water distribution points of each home. For positive samples, fungi were identified by mass spectrometry or on the basis of their morphological features. RESULTS 85 % of homes revealed the presence in air of Aspergillus spp. and those belonging to the section Fumigati presented the highest concentrations and the greatest frequency of isolation. Concerning mucorales, Rhizopus spp. and Mucor spp. were isolated in air of 20 % and 5 % of dwellings, respectively. In 4 homes, more than 70 % of the fungal species identified in air were potential opportunists; these were mainly Aspergillus spp. with concentrations greater than 20 cfu/m3. The water samples revealed the presence of Fusarium in 3 dwellings, with concentrations up to 80 cfu/L. Finally, for one patient, fungal species isolated during a period of hospitalization were phenotypically similar to those isolated in samples taken at home. For a second patient, a PCR Mucorale was positive on a sample of bronchoalveolar fluid while air samples taken at his home also revealed also the presence of mucorales. CONCLUSION The presence of opportunistic fungal species in the air of all the explored homes suggests the need for strengthened preventive measures in the home of immunocompromised patients. It would be interesting to compare the fungi isolated (from patients and from their environment) by genotyping studies aimed at specifying the correspondence existing between fungal species present in the patients' homes and those responsible for IFI in the same patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sautour
- Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory, University Hospital of Dijon, 21070 BP, Dijon 37013 CEDEX, France; UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup, Dijon, France.
| | - Adrien Guilloteau
- Hospital Hygiene and Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital of Dijon, BP, 21070, Dijon 37013 CEDEX, France
| | - Stéphane Valot
- Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory, University Hospital of Dijon, 21070 BP, Dijon 37013 CEDEX, France
| | - Louise Basmaciyan
- Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory, University Hospital of Dijon, 21070 BP, Dijon 37013 CEDEX, France; UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup, Dijon, France
| | - Eloise Bailly
- UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup, Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Sixt
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Dijon, BP, 21070, Dijon 37013 CEDEX, France
| | - Jennifer Tetu
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Dijon, BP, 21070, Dijon 37013 CEDEX, France
| | - Ingrid Lafon
- Clinical Haematology unit, University Hospital of Dijon, BP, 21070, Dijon 37013 CEDEX, France
| | - Denis Caillot
- Clinical Haematology unit, University Hospital of Dijon, BP, 21070, Dijon 37013 CEDEX, France
| | - Frédéric Dalle
- Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory, University Hospital of Dijon, 21070 BP, Dijon 37013 CEDEX, France; UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup, Dijon, France
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Tajiki F, Asgari HM, Zamani I, Ghanbari F. Assessing the relationship between airborne fungi and potential dust sources using a combined approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17799-17810. [PMID: 34676476 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dust events impose negative socio-economic, health, and environmental impacts on vulnerable areas and reflect their sources' physiochemical and biological characteristics. This study aimed to assess the impact of two dust sources on the concentration and diversity of airborne fungi in one of the dustiest areas in the world. This study is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between dust sources fungal community and those in airborne dust. Also, the contribution of dust sources to airborne fungi was estimated. Air masses arriving at the study area were assessed using local wind rose and the HYSPLIT model. Sampling was carried out from airborne dust at the Arvand Free Zone as target areas and soil in the dried parts of the Hor al-Azim and Shadegan wetlands as source areas to explore the relationship between fungi in the dust sources and the downwind area. The samples were analyzed in the lab to extract DNA. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rDNA gene were amplified using the primers ITS1F and ITS4, and then PCR products were sent to the lab for sequencing. The raw DNA data were processed using the QIIME virtual box to pick operational taxonomic units and taxonomy assignments. The most common fungi at the genus level were in the order of Penicillium > Aspergillus > Alternaria > Fusarium > Paradendryphiella > Talaromyces. The similarity between air and soil fungal genera was investigated using richness and diversity indices, the phylogenetic tree, and principal component analysis. The results showed that the community structures of ambient fungi in the Hor al-Azim and Shadegan dust sources were more similar to those on dusty days than non-dusty days. The source tracker model was used to quantify the contributions of known dust sources to airborne fungi. The results showed that the main source of airborne fungi was Hor al-Azim on dusty and non-dusty days. This study's results can help managers identify and prioritize dust sources regarding fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Tajiki
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, P.B. 699, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammad Asgari
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, P.B. 699, Khorramshahr, Iran.
| | - Isaac Zamani
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine and Oceanic Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, P.B. 699, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Farshid Ghanbari
- Research Center for Environmental Contaminants (RCEC), Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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Ward TL, Dominguez-Bello MG, Heisel T, Al-Ghalith G, Knights D, Gale CA. Development of the Human Mycobiome over the First Month of Life and across Body Sites. mSystems 2018; 3:e00140-17. [PMID: 29546248 PMCID: PMC5840654 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00140-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing and microbial community characterization, we are beginning to understand the key factors that shape early-life microbial colonization and associated health outcomes. Studies characterizing infant microbial colonization have focused mostly on bacteria in the microbiome and have largely neglected fungi (the mycobiome), despite their relevance to mucosal infections in healthy infants. In this pilot study, we characterized the skin, oral, and anal mycobiomes of infants over the first month of life (n = 17) and the anal and vaginal mycobiomes of mothers (n = 16) by internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) amplicon sequencing. We found that infant mycobiomes differed by body site, with the infant mycobiomes at the anal sites being different from those at the skin and oral sites. The relative abundances of body site-specific taxa differed by birth mode, with significantly more Candida albicans fungi present on the skin of vaginally born infants on day 30 and significantly more Candida orthopsilosis fungi present in the oral cavity of caesarean section-born infants throughout the first month of life. We found the mycobiomes within individual infants to be variable over the first month of life, and vaginal birth did not result in infant mycobiomes that were more similar to the mother's vaginal mycobiome. Therefore, although vertical transmission of specific fungal isolates from mother to infant has been reported, it is likely that other sources (environment, other caregivers) also contribute to early-life mycobiome establishment. Thus, future longitudinal studies of mycobiome and bacterial microbiome codevelopment, with dense sampling from birth to beyond the first month of life, are warranted. IMPORTANCE Humans are colonized by diverse fungi (mycobiome), which have received much less study to date than colonizing bacteria. We know very little about the succession of fungal colonization in early life and whether it may relate to long-term health. To better understand fungal colonization and its sources, we studied the skin, oral, and anal mycobiomes of healthy term infants and the vaginal and anal mycobiomes of their mothers. Generally, infants were colonized by few fungal taxa, and fungal alpha diversity did not increase over the first month of life. There was no clear community maturation over the first month of life, regardless of body site. Key body-site-specific taxa, but not overall fungal community structures, were impacted by birth mode. Thus, additional studies to characterize mycobiome acquisition and succession throughout early life are needed to form a foundation for research into the relationship between mycobiome development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya L. Ward
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Departments of Biochemistry and Microbiology and Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tim Heisel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gabriel Al-Ghalith
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dan Knights
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Gale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Rahn S, Schuck A, Kondakci M, Haas R, Neuhausen N, Pfeffer K, Henrich B. A novel comprehensive set of fungal Real time PCR assays (fuPCR) for the detection of fungi in immunocompromised haematological patients—A pilot study. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:611-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Airborne Microfungi in Indoor and Outdoor Hospital Environments in Khorramabad, Southwest Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Bellanger AP, Reboux G, Scherer E, Vacheyrou M, Millon L. Contribution of a cyclonic-based liquid air collector for detecting Aspergillus fumigatus by QPCR in air samples. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2012; 9:D7-D11. [PMID: 22150297 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2012.636727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A P Bellanger
- University Franche-Comte, University Hospital of Besançon, and CNRS, Besançon, France.
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Sautour M, Fournel I, Dalle F, Calinon C, L'Ollivier C, Goyer M, Cachia C, Aho S, Sixt N, Vagner O, Cuisenier B, Bonnin A. Dynamics of fungal colonization in a new medical mycology laboratory. J Mycol Med 2011. [PMID: 23177809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Study of the spatio-temporal fungal colonization in a new medical mycology laboratory. METHODS A 17-month survey of airborne fungal contamination was conducted in a new medical mycology laboratory at a tertiary care university hospital. This survey was implemented at three different periods: before the new premises were occupied (period A), during the move into the new laboratory (period B) and after resumption of the mycological activities in these new premises (period C). RESULTS During period A, the airborne fungal load ranged from 2.3 to 6 cfu/m(3). The most frequently recovered airborne fungi were Penicillium spp. (75 to 100%). During period B, a dramatic increase in Penicillium chrysogenum conidia was observed in the air of the new laboratory (40 to 160 cfu/m(3)). During period C, the fungal load ranged from 4.5 to 8.4 cfu/m(3). Penicillium was the most common genus identified in rooms of the laboratory where no filamentous fungi were handled, while Aspergillus was clearly the predominant genus (78%) in the room dedicated to the culture of filamentous fungi. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the specific fungal ecology in air of the room dedicated to the culture of filamentous fungi is due to the handling of a large number of medical strains of A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sautour
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, plateau technique de biologie du CHU, 2, rue Angélique-Ducoudray, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon cedex, France.
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A survey on distribution and toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus from indoor and outdoor hospital environments. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 56:527-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-011-0078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Sabino R, Sampaio P, Carneiro C, Rosado L, Pais C. Isolates from hospital environments are the most virulent of the Candida parapsilosis complex. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:180. [PMID: 21824396 PMCID: PMC3166928 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida parapsilosis is frequently isolated from hospital environments, like air and surfaces, and causes serious nosocomial infections. Molecular studies provided evidence of great genetic diversity within the C. parapsilosis species complex but, despite their growing importance as pathogens, little is known about their potential to cause disease, particularly their interactions with phagocytes. In this study, clinical and environmental C. parapsilosis isolates, and strains of the related species C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were assayed for their ability to induce macrophage cytotocixity and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, to produce pseudo-hyphae and to secrete hydrolytic enzymes. Results Environmental C. parapsilosis isolates caused a statistically significant (p = 0.0002) higher cell damage compared with the clinical strains, while C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were less cytotoxic. On the other hand, clinical isolates induced a higher TNF-α production compared with environmental strains (p < 0.0001). Whereas the amount of TNF-α produced in response to C. orthopsilosis strains was similar to the obtained with C. parapsilosis environmental isolates, it was lower for C. metapsilosis strains. No correlation between pseudo-hyphae formation or proteolytic enzymes secretion and macrophage death was detected (p > 0.05). However, a positive correlation between pseudo-hyphae formation and TNF-α secretion was observed (p = 0.0119). Conclusions We show that environmental C. parapsilosis strains are more resistant to phagocytic host defences than bloodstream isolates, being potentially more deleterious in the course of infection than strains from a clinical source. Thus, active environmental surveillance and application of strict cleaning procedures should be implemented in order to prevent cross-infection and hospital outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sabino
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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