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Zhang H, Pan J, Hu Z, Pan J, Zhang H. Physicians' understanding of antibiotic intravenous-to-oral switching-a qualitative study in Suzhou, China. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:686. [PMID: 38816777 PMCID: PMC11141074 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of antibiotic intravenous-to-oral switch (IVOS) therapy in hospitals can slow down the development of drug resistance, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, and bring significant economic benefits. The aim of this study is to investigate the understanding of physicians at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in Suzhou, China towards the antibiotic IVOS therapy. METHODS 15 physicians working in 9 different departments of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University participated in this study. A semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted to collect interview information about the antibiotic IVOS therapy. NVivo12 software was used to organize the entire interview content, and the interview data was analyzed and summarized using the Colaizzi seven step method. RESULTS 60% of participants were not familiar with antibiotic IVOS therapy. Barriers of antibiotic IVOS therapy were included by three key issues: (i) Physicians' potential cognition: 'Iv is always better than oral'; (ii) Subjective infusion intention of patients; and (iii) Limitations of drug selection. 60% of participants expressed welcome for pharmacists to help them perform antibiotic IVOS treatment. And electronic recognition technology may be a feasible method for prompting IVOS conversion that recognized by all participants in the interview. Participants also provided some suggestions for pharmacists and IVOS computer reminders. CONCLUSION Physicians' in China still have insufficient understanding of antibiotic IVOS therapy. The promotion of antibiotic IVOS therapy in China faces many challenges and obstacles. Strategies such as IVOS therapy computer reminders and clinical pharmacists' medication guidance were worth studying to help physicians develop antibiotic IVOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Hamilton RA, Williams N, Ashton C, Gilani SAD, Hussain S, Jamieson C, Razaq S, Jenkins A. Nurses' attitudes, behaviours, and enablers of intravenous to oral switching (IVOS) of antibiotics: a mixed-methods survey of nursing staff in secondary care hospitals across the Midlands region of England. J Hosp Infect 2024; 150:9-16. [PMID: 38782054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous (IV) antibiotic use in secondary care in England is widespread. Timely appropriate intravenous to oral switch (IVOS) has the potential to deliver significant clinical and operational benefits. To date, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) efforts around IVOS have not focused on the nursing staff who administer antibiotics, which represents a significant gap in AMS programmes. AIM To determine the involvement of bedside nurses in acute trusts in the Midlands region of England in IVOS in their organizations and describe their views regarding how to improve IVOS. METHODS An anonymous self-administered mixed-methods online survey was developed and distributed to nursing staff in acute trusts via antimicrobial stewardship networks between March and May 2023. Quantitative data was analysed to describe participant demographics and behaviours, whereas barriers and enablers to IVOS were explored through thematic content analysis of responses to open-ended questions. FINDINGS A total of 545 nursing staff responded to the survey. The majority (65.3%) routinely suggested IVOS to clinicians, despite only 50.6% being aware of local IVOS policies. One-third (34.7%) did not suggest IVOS, relying on doctors, believing their patients needed IV treatment, or lacked knowledge and skills to request IVOS. Content analysis of suggestions for improving the rate of IVOS proposed three major themes (People, Process, System) and identified that education and training, improved confidence and interprofessional relationships, and prompts were important drivers. CONCLUSION Nursing staff suggest IVOS to other clinicians, but more education and resources are needed to enable and empower them in this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hamilton
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
| | - N Williams
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Ashton
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - S A D Gilani
- Pharmacy Department, Dudley Group Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - S Hussain
- Pharmacy Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Jamieson
- Medical Directorate, NHS England (Midlands), Birmingham, UK
| | - S Razaq
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Jenkins
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Johansen RLR, Tulloch S. Using Behavioral Insights to Strengthen Strategies for Change. Practical Applications for Quality Improvement in Healthcare. J Patient Saf 2024:01209203-990000000-00220. [PMID: 38742919 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For over 30 years, quality improvement (QI) methods have been used as a means of increasing the quality and safety of healthcare services, but with mixed success. One explanation highlighted in the literature for this outcome is the overemphasis on technical elements of change, and a failure to fully appreciate the human side of change. Behavioral insights (BI) is an approach that utilizes knowledge and tools from a broad range of scientific disciplines, such as neuroscience and behavioral psychology, to support behavior change. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of supplementing QI methods with tools and understanding from BI. METHODS We outline a practical case that involved applying aspects BI methods into a QI program aimed at reducing the use of intravenous antibiotics in patients accessing services at a busy university hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. We exemplify how to use BI tools to guide the analysis of staff behaviors during standard clinical processes and develop targeted interventions aimed at increasing actions and behaviors more aligned to best clinical practice. RESULTS Outcomes suggest that it is possible to combine the models and methods from BI and QI in a way that is helpful in focusing attention on the human side of change when developing strategies for change. Potential psychological barriers identified from the analysis included the following: 'default inertia,' 'decision complexity,' 'risk aversion,' and biases related to confidence, confirmation, and omission. CONCLUSIONS Future quality improvement projects could benefit from integrating models and tools from BI to guide and support behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Tulloch
- Danish Society for Patient Safety, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Sewunet T, Razavi M, Rosenborg S, Camporeale A, Nowak M, Melnick D, Gasink LB, Eckburg PB, Critchley IA, Nord CE, Giske CG. Effect of tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide on the normal gut microbiota of a healthy adult population in Sweden: a randomised controlled trial. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e355-e365. [PMID: 38432233 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobials cause perturbations in the composition and diversity of the host microbiome. We aimed to compare gut microbiome perturbations caused by oral tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (a novel carbapenem) and by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (an orally administered β-lactam-β-lactam inhibitor combination widely used in clinical practice). METHODS We did a phase 1, single-centre, randomised, parallel-group, active-control trial to evaluate the effect of tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide on the human gut microbiota. Healthy participants aged 18 years or older with no documented illnesses during recruitment were enrolled at Karolinska University Hospital (Stockholm, Sweden). Study participants were stratified by sex and block-randomised in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with either tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (600 mg orally every 8 h) or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (500 mg amoxicillin and 125 mg clavulanic acid orally every 8 h). The study included 10 days of treatment (days 1-10) and four follow-up visits (days 14, 21, 90, and 180). The trial was open-label for clinical investigators and patients, but masked for microbiology investigators. Faecal samples were collected at all visits. Sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to measure the diversity metrics, and quantitative culture to quantify selected taxa. The primary outcomes were changes in the α and β diversity and log count of colony-forming units for selected taxa between samples compared with baseline (day 1), and whether any changes reverted during the follow-up period. The analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04376554). FINDINGS The study was conducted between Jan 23, 2020, and April 6, 2021. 49 volunteers were screened for eligibility, among whom 30 evaluable participants (14 men and 16 women) were assigned: 15 (50%) to the tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide group and 15 (50%) to the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid group. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Complete follow-up was available for all participants, and all participants except one completed treatment as assigned. The diversity metrics showed significant changes from baseline during the treatment period. Significant decreases in richness were observed on days 4-10 (p≤0·0011) in the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid group and on days 4-14 (p≤0·0019) in the tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide group. Similarly, evenness was significantly decreased during treatment in the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid group (day 4, p=0·030) and the tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide group (days 4-10, p<0·0001) compared with baseline. Quantitative cultures showed significant decreases in Enterobacterales (days 4-7, p≤0·0030), Enterococcus spp (days 4-14, p=0·025 to p<0·0001), Bifidobacterium spp (days 2-4, p≤0·026), and Bacteroides spp (days 4-10, p≤0·030) in the tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide group. Similarly, in amoxicillin-clavulanic acid recipients, significant changes were observed in Enterobacterales (days 4-10, p≤0·048), Bifidobacterium spp (days 2-4, p≤0·013), and Lactobacillus spp (days 2-4, p≤0·020). Samples from the follow-up period were not significantly different from those at baseline in β diversity analysis (PERMANOVA, p>0·99). By the end of the study, no significant change was observed compared with baseline in either group. There were no deaths or severe adverse events. INTERPRETATION The impact of tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide on the gut microbiome was similar to that of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The safety of antibiotic use with regard to the microbiome should be given attention, as dysbiosis is associated with health and disease. FUNDING Spero Therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Sewunet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Razavi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Rosenborg
- Clinical Pharmacology Trial Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Camporeale
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carl Erik Nord
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian G Giske
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ngogang MP, Nkoth AF, Ngaleu W, Mfouapon H, Ekoume P, Nibeye Y, Medi Sike C, Voundi EV, Mouliom Mouiche MM, Fonkoua MC, Toukam M, Mbopi-Keou FX. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing data analysis over 3 years at the Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2024; 6:dlae043. [PMID: 38660367 PMCID: PMC11040207 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health concern with high rates in low-income countries. Bacteriology laboratories sustain the fight against AMR by providing antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) results to ensure appropriate therapies. These laboratories generate a lot of data, which are usually used for prospective interventions. Our study conducted in a lower-middle-income hospital setting aimed to describe the profile of bacteria isolated from the specimens received over 3 years, assess their susceptibility profile and identify potential gaps or area of improvement from the analysis of our data. Methods Monthly data were retrieved from registers for all specimens received between January 2020 until December 2022. Data were compiled and analysed using the R and WHONET software. Results Out of 3582 specimens received, 797 were culture positive (22.3%). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were frequently isolated (30.5% and 24.2%, respectively). AST results analysis showed high resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to penams and cephems, whereas low resistance was observed to carbapenems. Susceptibility to antibiotics based on the AWaRe antibiotic classification was variable. The bacteriological profile in the various types of specimen was established and rational information to design a therapeutic protocol adapted to our hospital setting was obtained. Conclusions AST results may not only be used for prospective guidance for treatment, but rather cumulative data analysis can contribute to design effective antibiotic prescriptions and improve general practices at the laboratory. This is, however, dependent on a good record-keeping, standardization of practices and collaboration between clinicians and laboratory scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paule Ngogang
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé I University, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Yaoundé General Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | - Yannick Nibeye
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé I University, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Christiane Medi Sike
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé I University, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Esther Voundi Voundi
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé I University, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Michel Toukam
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé I University, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Abdel Hadi H, Eltayeb F, Al Balushi S, Daghfal J, Ahmed F, Mateus C. Evaluation of Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: Implementation, Process, Impact, and Outcomes, Review of Systematic Reviews. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:253. [PMID: 38534688 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) were introduced in healthcare as a public health priority to promote appropriate prescribing of antimicrobials, to reduce adverse events related to antimicrobials, as well as to control the escalating challenges of antimicrobial resistance. To deliver aimed outcome objectives, ASPs involve multiple connected implementation process measures. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate both concepts of ASPs. Guided by PRISMA frames, published systematic reviews (SR) focusing on ASPs restricted to secondary and tertiary healthcare were evaluated over the past 10 years involving all age groups. Out of 265 identified SR studies, 63 met the inclusion criteria. The majority were conducted in Europe and North America, with limited studies from other regions. In the reviewed studies, all age groups were examined, although they were conducted mainly on adults when compared to children and infants. Both process and outcomes measures of ASPs were examined equally and simultaneously through 25 different concepts, dominated by efficacy, antimicrobial resistance, and economic impact, while information technology as well as role of pharmacy and behavioral factors were equally examined. The main broad conclusions from the review were that, across the globe, ASPs demonstrated effectiveness, proved efficacy, and confirmed efficiency, while focused evaluation advocated that developed countries should target medium- and small-sized hospitals while developing countries should continue rolling ASPs across healthcare facilities. Additionally, the future of ASPs should focus on embracing evolving information technology to bridge the gaps in knowledge, skills, and attitude, as well as to enhance appropriate decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Abdel Hadi
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Faiha Eltayeb
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Balushi
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Joanne Daghfal
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Ceu Mateus
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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Cartuliares MB, Søgaard SN, Rosenvinge FS, Mogensen CB, Hertz MA, Skjøt-Arkil H. Antibiotic Guideline Adherence at the Emergency Department: A Descriptive Study from a Country with a Restrictive Antibiotic Policy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1680. [PMID: 38136712 PMCID: PMC10740443 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denmark has a low level of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Patients hospitalized with suspected infection often present with unspecific symptoms. This challenges the physician between using narrow-spectrum antibiotics in accordance with guidelines or broad-spectrum antibiotics to compensate for diagnostic uncertainty. The aim of this study was to investigate adherence to a restrictive antibiotic guideline for the most common infection in emergency departments (EDs), namely community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHOD This multicenter descriptive cross-sectional study included adults admitted to Danish EDs with a suspected infection. Data were collected prospectively from medical records. RESULTS We included 954 patients in the analysis. The most prescribed antibiotics were penicillin with beta-lactamase inhibitor at 4 h (307 (32.2%)), 48 h (289 (30.3%)), and day 5 after admission (218 (22.9%)). The empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines for CAP were followed for 126 (31.3%) of the CAP patients. At 4 h, antibiotics were administered intravenously to 244 (60.7%) of the CAP patients. At day 5, 218 (54.4%) received oral antibiotics. CONCLUSION Adherence to CAP guidelines was poor. In a country with a restrictive antibiotic policy, infections are commonly treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics against recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B. Cartuliares
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark; (M.B.C.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Sara N. Søgaard
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark; (M.B.C.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Flemming S. Rosenvinge
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Mogensen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark; (M.B.C.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Mathias Amdi Hertz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Helene Skjøt-Arkil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark; (M.B.C.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
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Harvey EJ, McLeod M, De Brún C, Ashiru-Oredope D. Criteria to achieve safe antimicrobial intravenous-to-oral switch in hospitalised adult populations: a systematic rapid review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068299. [PMID: 37419640 PMCID: PMC10335582 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This rapid review aimed to assess and collate intravenous-to-oral switch (IVOS) criteria from the literature to achieve safe and effective antimicrobial IVOS in the hospital inpatient adult population. DESIGN The rapid review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. DATA SOURCES OVID Embase and Medline databases. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Articles of adult populations published globally between 2017 and 2021 were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS An Excel spreadsheet was designed with specific column headings. IVOS criteria from UK hospital IVOS policies informed the framework synthesis. RESULTS IVOS criteria from 45/164 (27%) local IVOS policies were categorised into a five-section framework: (1) timing of IV antimicrobial review, (2) clinical signs and symptoms, (3) infection markers, (4) enteral route and (5) infection exclusions. The literature search identified 477 papers, of which 16 were included. The most common timing for review was 48-72 hours from initiation of intravenous antimicrobial (n=5, 30%). Nine studies (56%) stated clinical signs and symptoms must be improving. Temperature was the most frequently mentioned infection marker (n=14, 88%). Endocarditis had the highest mention as an infection exclusion (n=12, 75%). Overall, 33 IVOS criteria were identified to go forward into the Delphi process. CONCLUSION Through the rapid review, 33 IVOS criteria were collated and presented within five distinct and comprehensive sections. The literature highlighted the possibility of reviewing IVOS before 48-72 hours and of presenting heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate as a combination early warning score criterion. The criteria identified can serve as a starting point of IVOS criteria review for any institution globally, as no country or region limits were applied. Further research is required to achieve consensus on IVOS criteria from healthcare professionals that manage patients with infections. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022320343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Harvey
- Healthcare-Associated Infection, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use & Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Monsey McLeod
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College, London, UK
- Antimicrobial Prescribing and Medicines Optimisation, NHS England and NHS Improvement London, London, UK
| | - Caroline De Brún
- Knowledge and Library Services, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Diane Ashiru-Oredope
- Healthcare-Associated Infection, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use & Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Barnawi MH, Thabit AK, Almasri DM, Bulbol S. Clinical and cost-effectiveness analysis of carbapenems versus ciprofloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections due to extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:399-405. [PMID: 36629890 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious diseases in both hospital and community settings. The management of UTIs caused by extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) has become more complicated given the limited options of effective antibiotic agents besides the amplification of total healthcare costs. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study conducted among hospitalized patients between January 2018 and March 2020. Adults diagnosed with UTI due to ESBL-PE with at least 2 days of admission were included. Excluded were patients with concomitant infection, polymicrobial UTI, and pregnant women. The primary endpoints were clinical cure and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Clinical cure, hospitalization, and antibiotics costs were considered to evaluate ICER. The secondary endpoints included microbiological eradication, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day readmission. RESULTS Of 102 patients, 89 received a carbapenem and 13 received ciprofloxacin. The patients had similar baseline characteristics, including history of hospitalization and UTI within 3 months. No difference was observed in clinical cure rates (86.5% vs. 100%, P = 0.159), microbiological eradication (93.1% vs. 100%, P = 0.639), median LOS (6 days in both groups, P = 0.773), and 30-day readmission rates (41.6% vs. 46.2%, P = 0.755). The ICER of carbapenem to ciprofloxacin was - 7,626.05, indicating that ciprofloxacin was more cost-effective compared with carbapenems. CONCLUSION Ciprofloxacin had comparable cure rates with carbapenems, lower risk of 30-day readmission, and was more cost-effective for the treatment of UTI due to ESBL-PE. Therefore, it should be considered as a valuable option if ESBL-PE showed susceptibility to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah H Barnawi
- Department of Pharmacy, John Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abrar K Thabit
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diena M Almasri
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suha Bulbol
- Department of Pharmacy, John Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Okada N, Azuma M, Tsujinaka K, Abe A, Takahashi M, Yano Y, Sato M, Shibata T, Goda M, Ishizawa K. Clinical Impact of a Pharmacist-Driven Prospective Audit with Intervention and Feedback on the Treatment of Patients with Bloodstream Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091144. [PMID: 36139925 PMCID: PMC9495130 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for the utility of pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship programs remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of our institutional pharmacist-driven prospective audit with intervention and feedback (PAF) on the treatment of patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs). The effect of pharmacist-driven PAF was estimated using an interrupted time series analysis with a quasi-experimental design. The proportion of de-escalation during BSI treatment increased by 44% after the implementation of pharmacist-driven PAF (95% CI: 30−58, p < 0.01). The number of days of therapy decreased by 16 per 100 patient days for carbapenem (95% CI: −28 to −3.5, p = 0.012) and by 15 per 100 patient days for tazobactam/piperacillin (95% CI: −26 to −4.9, p < 0.01). Moreover, the proportion of inappropriate treatment in empirical and definitive therapy was significantly reduced after the implementation of pharmacist-driven PAF. Although 30-day mortality did not change, compliance with evidenced-based bundles in the BSI of Staphylococcus aureus significantly increased (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our pharmacist-driven PAF increased the proportion of de-escalation and decreased the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, as well as the proportion of inappropriate treatment in patients with BSI. This indicates that pharmacist-driven PAF is useful in improving the quality of antimicrobial treatment and reducing broad-spectrum antimicrobial use in the management of patients with BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Okada
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88-633-9385
| | - Momoyo Azuma
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kaito Tsujinaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akane Abe
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mari Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yano
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masami Sato
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Goda
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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