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Taneepanichskul S, Chuemchit M, Wongsasuluk P, Sirichokchatchawan W, Hounnaklang N, Zongram O, Sematong S, Viwattanakulvanid P, Herman B. Practice, confidence and continuity of breast self-examination among women in Thailand during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071306. [PMID: 37527895 PMCID: PMC10394538 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most feasible screening tool compared with clinical breast examination and mammography. It is crucial to address the associated factors of practising BSE to develop a targeted BSE promotion programme and improve the BSE quality in Thai women, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional study in Thailand's north and northeast region from March 2020 to November 2022. PARTICIPANTS This study involved 405 women aged 30-70 years old. VARIABLES AND OUTCOMES Demographic information, health status and BSE were collected using a modified questionnaire based on the Champion Health Belief Model. The outcomes were ever-practising BSE, BSE practice within the last 6 months, continuity of BSE and confidence in doing BSE. Logistic regression and decision tree analysis identified the associated factors. RESULTS 75.55% of participants ever performed BSE. Around 74.18% did BSE within the last 6 months. Diploma graduates (adjusted OR (aOR) 25.48, 95% CI 2.04 to 318.07), 21-40 reproductive years (aOR 4.29, 95% CI 1.22 to 15.08), ever pregnant (aOR 3.31, 95% CI 1.05 to 10.49), not drinking alcohol (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.55), not receiving hormone replacement (aOR 5.51, 95% CI 2.04 to 14.89), higher knowledge (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.52), attitude (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.26) and practice/cues of action towards BSE were associated with ever-practising BSE. Frequent high-fat diet, high awareness of breast cancer, lower knowledge of BSE and lower attitude toward BSE were associated with not practising BSE within 6 months and BSE discontinuation. Only high knowledge of BSE was associated with absolute confidence in BSE (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Despite having a higher percentage than other studies in different countries prior to the pandemic, it is still crucial to improve knowledge of BSE to encourage BSE practice, confidence and continuity of BSE in Thai women. Moreover, the BSE campaign should target women with prolonged exposure to oestrogen and sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montakarn Chuemchit
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pokkate Wongsasuluk
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Onuma Zongram
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowanee Sematong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Bumi Herman
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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B K M, Kaphle HP. Breast self-examination: Knowledge, practice and associated factors among 20 to 49 years aged women in Butwal sub-metropolitan, Rupandehi, Nepal. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286676. [PMID: 37267248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and also among Nepalese women. Breast self-examination is an important, cheap, and easy method for early diagnosis of breast cancer which can be cured in the majority of cases if diagnosed in the early stages. In developing countries like Nepal where the awareness regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination is poor, breast cancers are diagnosed at late stages resulting in a poor prognosis of the disease. The study assessed knowledge, practice, and factors associated with breast self-examination. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 262 women in the Butwal sub-metropolitan adopting multi-stage sampling. A pre-tested structured interview schedule and an observation checklist were used to collect the data. Data was entered in EPI-data and necessary univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done in SPSS. RESULTS The study found that more than half of the participants (55.3%) had poor knowledge of BSE. Only one-fourth (27.1%) of them were practicing BSE and among them, most of them (93.0%) had poor practice. The factors such as ethnicity from Brahmin/Chhetri [AOR = 2.099, 95% CI (1.106-3.981)], use of contraceptive devices [AOR = 9.487, 95% CI (2.166-41.558)], personal history of breast lump [AOR = 12.502, 95% CI (1.639-95.387)], family history of breast cancer [AOR = 5.729, 95% CI (1.337-97.512)], and knowledge of BSE [AOR = 4.407, 95% CI = 2.160-34.650)] were significant determinants of BSE practice among 20-49 years women. CONCLUSION The study concluded that most of the women had poor knowledge and practice of breast self-examination. The study also indicated the influence of ethnicity, contraceptives, personal and family history of cancer/early warning signs, and knowledge for practicing breast self-examination. There is an immediate need to increase the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination to prevent and detect breast cancer in its early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha B K
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Kaphle
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
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Sun Y, Yuan J, Liu W, Qin B, Hu Z, Li J, He Y. Predicting Rural Women's Breast Cancer Screening Intention in China: A PLS-SEM Approach Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Front Public Health 2022; 10:858788. [PMID: 35480590 PMCID: PMC9035887 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.858788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIt was reported that the incidence of breast cancer (BC) was the highest among cancers worldwide. The breast cancer screening (BCS) program is regarded as an effective preventive measure. However, rural women's willingness to participate in the BCS program is relatively low. To provide measures to prevent BC, it is necessary for the government to identify the influencing factors of rural women's BCS intention.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,011 rural women by a convenience sampling method through face-to-face interviews on a self-designed questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was conducted to determine the predictors of BCS intention, and a multi-group analysis (MGA) of age was performed to identify if there were differences in all hypotheses between different age groups.ResultsThere were still rural women who have not been screened for BC in five years (41.7%). The research model of rural women's intention to accept this prevention against BC was rational. All of the hypotheses are supported. Especially, subjective norm (SN) (β = 0.345, p < 0.001) is found to be the strongest predictor followed by the perceived behavioral control 1 (PBC 1) (personal factors, including distance, transportation, busyness, etc.) (β = 0.165, p < 0.001), attitude (β = 0.152, p < 0.001), past behavior (PB) (β = 0.150, p < 0.001), knowledge (β = 0.121, p < 0.001), and perceived behavioral control 2 (PBC 2) (pain and cultural-social factors including embarrassment from a physician, etc.) (β = 0.042, p < 0.05). The advocacy and education (A&E), medical level and service attitude (ML&SA) of township health centers and village clinics can affect behavior intention (BI) via attitude, SN, and PBC. The results of MGA of age indicate that there are significant differences among rural women of different ages regarding the relationship between A&E and PBC 2 (p < 0.01) and the effect of PB on BI (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe TPB with the addition of PB, knowledge, ML&SA, and A&E can provide the theoretical basis for the policy intervention that aims to enhance the rural women's BCS willingness. MGA of age is conducive to promoting the implementation of the BCS policy. The findings are of great significance to improve rural women's health levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Sun
- Institute of Medical Humanities, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Yuan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wuqianhui Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Banghui Qin
- Institute of Medical Humanities, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqing Hu
- Institute of Medical Humanities, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Material and Child Health, Lianyungang Material and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yuan He
- Institute of Medical Humanities, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Marxism, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Social Risk Management of Major Public Health Events (Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Universities in Jiangsu), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan He
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Urga Workineh M, Alem Lake E, Asmare Adella G. Breast Self-Examination Practice and Associated Factors Among Women Attending Family Planning Service in Modjo Public Health Facilities Southwest Ethiopia. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:459-469. [PMID: 34349557 PMCID: PMC8326932 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s322525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the second common cancer overall. Breast self-examination is one of the cheapest methods used for the early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. However, the practice of breast self-examination remains low in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess breast self-examination practice and associated factors among women attending family planning services in Modjo public health facilities in southwest Ethiopia. Patient and Methods Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Modjo public health facilities from October 01, 2020, to October 30, 2020. Data were collected from 420 women by using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Variables with a P-value ≤0.2 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. Results of regression analysis were shown as odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Overall 86 (20.5%) of the participants had ever performed breast self-examination. The odds of breast self-examination practice among women with tertiary level of education were 2.14 [AOR: 2.14; 95% CI: (1.45, 6.74)] times higher compared to those with secondary education. Women who knew breast self-examination were 4.32 [AOR: 4.32; 95% CI: (1.81, 10.81)] times higher odds of breast self-examination practice compared to their counterparts. The odds of breast self-examination practice among women who had a positive attitude were 2.7 [AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: (1.03, 6.91)] times higher compared to women with a negative attitude towards breast self-examination. Conclusion Breast self-examination practice was low within the study area. Tertiary level of education, having Knowledge on breast self-examination and a positive attitude towards breast self-examination were found to have a significant association with breast self-examination practice. Breast self-examination should be promoted by improving awareness and providing special health education for women that had low educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meron Urga Workineh
- Department of Public Health, Adama Hospital Medical College of Health Science and Medicine, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Alem Lake
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Asmare Adella
- Department of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Mekonnen BD. Breast self-examination practice and associated factors among female healthcare workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241961. [PMID: 33170880 PMCID: PMC7654829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is common global public health problem. It is the principal cause of cancer related death. In Ethiopia, study findings regarding prevalence and associated factors of BSE among female healthcare workers have been inconsistently reported and highly variable. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of breast self-examination practice and determinants in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar, CINAHL and Scopus from April 2, 2020 to April 24, 2020. Data were extracted from articles included in the review using a data extraction tool which was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute. the quality of each included article was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data analysis was done using STATA 11. The Cochrane Q and I2 test were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies; and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. A random effects meta-analysis was computed to determine the pooled prevalence of breast self-examination. The determinants for breast self-examination were examined. Forest plots were used to present the prevalence and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results After reviewing 9605 studies, 12 studies involving 4129 female healthcare workers were included for this review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of breast self-examination practice among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was 56.31% (95% CI: 44.37, 68.25). The subgroup analysis further revealed that the higher breast self-examination practice was observed among other healthcare workers, 58.60% (95% CI: 43.31, 73.90). Good knowledge (AOR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.24, 7.35), positive attitude (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.95, 4.13) and family history of breast cancer (AOR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.22, 6.52) were significantly associated with breast self-examination practice among healthcare workers. Conclusion This meta-analysis found that nearly half of the female healthcare workers were not performed breast self-examination. The finding of this study suggests the need of strengthening early diagnosis of breast cancer and control strategies with a collaborative effort of policymakers and other concerned stakeholders.
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Biratu Terfa Y, Bayana Kebede E, Olani Akuma A. Breast Self-Examination Practice Among Women in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2020; 12:181-188. [PMID: 33149665 PMCID: PMC7604245 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s279148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Breast self-examination is one of the cheapest screening methods for early detection of breast cancer which can be performed by women in privacy, and in their own schedule. Despite being simple, quick, and cost-free, the practice of breast self-examination is low. The study was carried out to assess the practice of breast self-examination among women of childbearing age in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. Objective To assess the practice of breast self-examination among women of childbearing age in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia in March 2018. Seven hundred and twenty-four women of childbearing age were selected by multistage sampling methods. They were interviewed using structured questionnaire and standardized scale. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see crude association between each independent variable and outcome variable. Logistic regression was used for analysis on the basis of OR, 95% CI and a P value of less than 0. 05. Results Six hundred and eighty-six respondents participated in the study giving 94.7% of response rate. Only 15% of them practiced breast self-examination. Respondents age (AOR = 2.07/1.14, 3.74/0.01), occupation (AOR=3.93/1.49, 10.35/0.00), family history of breast cancer (AOR=4.16/2.35, 7.36/0.00) and monthly income (AOR= 5.57/1.55, 19.92/0.00) are significantly associated with women's practice of breast self-examination at a P-value less than 0.05. Conclusion The practice of breast self-examination is very low. Respondent age, occupation, family history of breast cancer, and monthly income are significantly associated with the women's practice of breast self-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Biratu Terfa
- Jimma University, Institute of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ebissa Bayana Kebede
- Jimma University, Institute of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Olani Akuma
- Jimma University, Institute of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Moey SF, Mutalib AMA, Mohamed NC, Saidin N. The relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer on stage of behavioral adoption of breast self-examination. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:620-633. [PMID: 32968682 PMCID: PMC7505780 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. As such, early diagnosis and screening practices are important to increase the survival rate. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the main screening methods for breast cancer. Socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer are amongst the crucial roles in determining women's behavioral adoption in performing BSE. This study aims to assess the relationship of socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer on the stage of behavioral adoption of BSE among Malaysian women in Kuantan, Pahang. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 520 women from three different government health clinics in Kuantan and IIUM Family Health Clinic from February to April 2018. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer and its effect on the behavioral adoption of BSE. Results Significant difference was found between socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral adoption of BSE. However, only breast screening and the best time for screening were found to be significant with the behavioral adoption of BSE and knowledge of breast cancer. Conclusion It is found that most women in Kuantan, Pahang perform BSE but were still unaware of the importance of performing BSE for early breast cancer detection. This study was expected to enhance women's awareness of the benefits of performing BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Foon Moey
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Aaina Mardhiah Abdul Mutalib
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Norfariha Che Mohamed
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nursyahirah Saidin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
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Practice and Barriers toward Breast Self-Examination among Palestinian Women in Gaza City, Palestine. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:7484631. [PMID: 32292294 PMCID: PMC7149485 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7484631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of many first-line screening practices aimed at early detection and prevention of fatal outcomes of breast cancer. The present study aimed to identify Palestinian women's practices, awareness, and barriers to BSE. Using descriptive-analytical methods, a previously validated questionnaire was administered to a conveniently selected sample of women. The study was conducted among women who visited primary health clinics (PHCs) in Gaza City. A total of 390 participants who met the selection criteria answered the self-administered questionnaires. We used SPSS version 24.0 to analyze the data. The findings suggest that the practice of BSE among women in Gaza is low, with only 40% of the study participants reporting that they never practiced BSE before, even though 76.7% reported that they were aware of BSE. In general, the main barriers to BSE practices were that participants had wrong perceptions and lacked knowledge about BSE. Others also reported fear of detecting breast cancer as a barrier. The practice of BSE among Palestinian women in the Gaza Strip is low and marred with trivial issues as barriers that could be eliminated with dedicated and extensive educational campaigns in the area.
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Tuyen DQ, Dung TV, Dong HV, Kien TT, Huong TT. Breast Self-Examination: Knowledge and Practice Among Female Textile Workers in Vietnam. Cancer Control 2019; 26:1073274819862788. [PMID: 31304772 PMCID: PMC6630076 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819862788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, feasible, and suitable method for breast cancer screening in low–middle setting countries. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE among female textile workers in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1036 female workers, aged 43.9 ± 3.1 years old, who were working in 4 textile enterprises in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, in 2016. Overall, 22.7% of participants showed sufficient knowledge on BSE; 15.2% performed monthly BSE; and 7.7% completely performed all 5 steps of BSE. The prevalence of insufficient BSE knowledge was higher among participants with low level of education (odds ratio [OR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.39, below vs above secondary school), and those whose husbands were farmers or workers (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.27-2.45, compared to other sectors). This prevalence was, however, negatively associated with receiving information on BSE (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.11-0.23, yes vs no). The prevalence of insufficient BSE practice was also higher among females with husbands who were farmers or workers (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.15-2.43, compared to other sectors). In contrast, it was much lower among participants who had history of breast-related diseases (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24-0.88, yes vs no), received BSE information (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.08-0.19, yes vs no), and had sufficient overall BSE knowledge (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.06-0.13, yes vs no), compared to those who did not. There was a low prevalence of sufficient BSE knowledge (22.7%) and practice (15.8%) among female textile workers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Low level of education and not being provided BSE information were associated with insufficient BSE knowledge and practice among Vietnamese female textile workers. Health education programs are essential to encourage and improve women’s knowledge and practice of BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Quang Tuyen
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Thang Long University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,2 Department of Medical ethics and Medical sociology, The Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Truong Viet Dung
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Thang Long University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Van Dong
- 3 Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Trung Kien
- 3 Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thanh Huong
- 2 Department of Medical ethics and Medical sociology, The Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,3 Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
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bashirian S, Barati M, Shoar LM, Mohammadi Y, Dogonchi M. Factors Affecting Breast Self-examination Behavior Among Female Healthcare Workers in Iran: The Role of Social Support Theory. J Prev Med Public Health 2019; 52:224-233. [PMID: 31390685 PMCID: PMC6686104 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.18.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In women, breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Screening tests are the basis for early diagnosis. In Iranian women, the mortality rate of breast cancer is high due to insufficient screening examinations and delayed visits for care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting breast self-examinations among Iranian women employed in medical careers. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 501 women working in the medical professions at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in western Iran in 2018. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed, self-report questionnaire that contained demographic information and questions based on protection motivation theory and social support theory. Descriptive data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 and model fitting with PLS version 2. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 37.1±8.3 years, and most of the women (80.4%) were married. Most women had a bachelor's degree (67.5%). The findings of this study showed that the coping appraisal construct was a predictor of protection motivation (β=0.380, p<0.05), and protection motivation (β=0.604, p<0.05) was a predictor of breast self-examination behavior. Additionally, social support theory (β=0.202, p<0.05) had a significant positive effect on breast self-examination behavior. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of practicing self-examinations among women employees in the medical sector was low; considering the influence of social support as a factor promoting screening, it is necessary to pay attention to influential people in women's lives when designing educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- saeed bashirian
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Moaddab Shoar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mitra Dogonchi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Knowledge and Health Seeking Behaviour of Breast Cancer Patients in Ghana. Int J Breast Cancer 2019; 2019:5239840. [PMID: 31057972 PMCID: PMC6463645 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5239840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, despite the numerous measures employed to prevent and manage the disease. This study explored the knowledge and health seeking behaviour of breast cancer patients at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, from June 2014 to July 2014. Thirty-five participants were purposively selected. The responses to questions about their experiences with breast cancer were determined using indepth interviews. Transcripts were coded and analysed using NVIVO version 10.0. Results Participants' knowledge about signs and symptoms of breast cancer after their diagnosis was high but low for risk factors. Screening for breast cancer through self-breast examination was infrequently performed prior to their diagnosis. The patients' first point of care was generally health facilities. Some patients reported late due to misinterpretation of signs and symptoms, cultural influences and fear of losing their breast to surgery, physician delay, health providers' laxity, and disinterest in breast cancer. Men, for example, husbands, decide on where and when breast cancer patients go for treatment. Conclusion There is poor knowledge of the risk factors for developing breast cancer. Patients resorted to the hospital as first options for cure but were generally delayed in doing so. There is the need to create awareness about breast cancer among the general population.
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Ewaid SH, Shanjar AM, Mahdi RH. Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among sample of women in Shatra/Dhi-Qar/Iraq. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abay M, Tuke G, Zewdie E, Abraha TH, Grum T, Brhane E. Breast self-examination practice and associated factors among women aged 20-70 years attending public health institutions of Adwa town, North Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:622. [PMID: 30157951 PMCID: PMC6114883 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The incidence of breast has been increasing in most regions of the world. Regular breast self-examination is one of the most cost-effective methods for early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. Despite this fact, breast self-examination practice remains low in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess breast self-examination practice and associated factors among women aged 20–70 years attending public health institutions of Adwa town, North Ethiopia. Results From the total study participants, only 26 (6.5%) of them had ever practice breast self-examination, and only 25 (6.25%) of them practice breast self-examination regularly. Being a government employee (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.071–0.683), having good perceived confidence to do breast self-examination (AOR = 5.32, 95% CI = 1.89–14.95) and having perceived good susceptibility to develop breast cancer (AOR = 3.79, 95% CI = 1.74–9.74) were the factors significantly associated with breast self-examination. Breast self-examination practice among the study participants was low. Therefore, informing every woman is susceptible to breast cancer, improving the confidence of women is recommended to increase breast self-examination practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebrahtu Abay
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, P.O.Box: 298, Aksum, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Eleni Zewdie
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Teklit Grum
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, P.O.Box: 298, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Ermyas Brhane
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, P.O.Box: 298, Aksum, Ethiopia
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14
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Al-Zalabani AH, Alharbi KD, Fallatah NI, Alqabshawi RI, Al-Zalabani AA, Alghamdi SM. Breast Cancer Knowledge and Screening Practice and Barriers Among Women in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2018; 33:201-207. [PMID: 27271153 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-016-1057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A breast screening program may help to reduce cancer mortality rates among women. However, the use of the screening program by women in Madinah city is low, and studies examining its practice and barriers of low uptake are sparse. To identify breast cancer knowledge, practice and screening barriers among women attending primary health centers (PHC) in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A primary health center-based cross-sectional study was performed in Madinah city in 2015. A multistage stratified cluster sample was obtained and included 465 women (15 years and older) from five PHC. Data concerning socio-demographics, knowledge about breast cancer, and practice and barriers of mammography use were collected using a structured questionnaire. The mean age of the studied 465 women was 34.9 ± 12.2 years. Of these women, 27.7 and 38.5 % received mammography and performed breast self-examination, respectively. A high level of poor knowledge about breast cancer was detected in the overall studied women and those who never received a mammography, particularly knowledge related to the risk factors of breast cancer. The most important predictors of the barriers to mammography were incorrect beliefs about mammography and its procedures. A belief that mammography is painful was significantly associated with a 56 % reduction in its use (OR = 0.44; 95 % CI = 0.22-0.88). The high levels of poor knowledge about cancer breast observed in this study reflect the need for greater efforts to increase breast awareness education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen H Al-Zalabani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, PO box 42317, Madinah, 41541, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid D Alharbi
- Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid I Fallatah
- Primary Healthcare Centers, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem I Alqabshawi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, PO box 42317, Madinah, 41541, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suliman M Alghamdi
- Radiation Oncology, King Saudi bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Gyedu A, Gaskill CE, Boakye G, Abdulai AR, Anderson BO, Stewart B. Differences in Perception of Breast Cancer Among Muslim and Christian Women in Ghana. J Glob Oncol 2017; 4:1-9. [PMID: 30241158 PMCID: PMC6180842 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2017.009910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The burden of breast cancer continues to increase in low- and middle-income
countries (LMICs), where women present with more advanced disease and have
worse outcomes compared with women from high-income countries. In the
absence of breast cancer screening in LMICs, patients must rely on
self-detection for early breast cancer detection, followed by a prompt
clinical diagnostic work-up. Little is known about the influence of
religious beliefs on women’s perceptions and practices of breast
health. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered to female members of Islamic and
Christian organizations in Ghana. Participants were asked about their
personal experience with breast concerns, knowledge of breast cancer,
performance of breast self-examination, and experience with clinical breast
exam. Results The survey was administered to 432 Muslim and 339 Christian women. Fewer
Muslim women knew someone with breast cancer (31% v 66%;
P < .001) or had previously identified a
concerning mass in their breast (16% v 65%;
P < .001). Both groups believed that new breast
masses should be evaluated at clinic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.08; 95%
CI, 0.58 to 2.01), but Muslim women were less likely to know that breast
cancer can be effectively treated (AOR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.50). Muslim
women were less likely to have performed breast self-examination (AOR, 0.51;
95% CI, 0.29 to 0.88) or to have undergone clinical breast exam (AOR, 0.48;
95% CI, 0.27 to 0.84). Conclusion Muslim women were found to be less likely to participate in breast health
activities compared with Christian women, which highlights the need to
consider how religious customs within subpopulations might impact a
woman’s engagement in breast health activities. As breast awareness
initiatives are scaled up in Ghana and other LMICs, it is essential to
consider the unique perception and participation deficits of specific
groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gyedu
- Adam Gyedu, Godfred Boakye, Abdul Rashid Abdulai, and Barclay Stewart, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; and Cameron E. Gaskill, Benjamin O. Anderson, and Barclay Stewart, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Cameron E Gaskill
- Adam Gyedu, Godfred Boakye, Abdul Rashid Abdulai, and Barclay Stewart, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; and Cameron E. Gaskill, Benjamin O. Anderson, and Barclay Stewart, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Godfred Boakye
- Adam Gyedu, Godfred Boakye, Abdul Rashid Abdulai, and Barclay Stewart, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; and Cameron E. Gaskill, Benjamin O. Anderson, and Barclay Stewart, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Abdul Rashid Abdulai
- Adam Gyedu, Godfred Boakye, Abdul Rashid Abdulai, and Barclay Stewart, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; and Cameron E. Gaskill, Benjamin O. Anderson, and Barclay Stewart, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Adam Gyedu, Godfred Boakye, Abdul Rashid Abdulai, and Barclay Stewart, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; and Cameron E. Gaskill, Benjamin O. Anderson, and Barclay Stewart, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Barclay Stewart
- Adam Gyedu, Godfred Boakye, Abdul Rashid Abdulai, and Barclay Stewart, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; and Cameron E. Gaskill, Benjamin O. Anderson, and Barclay Stewart, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Erdem Ö, Toktaş İ. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors about Breast Self-Examination and Mammography among Female Primary Healthcare Workers in Diyarbakır, Turkey. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6490156. [PMID: 27123449 PMCID: PMC4829675 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6490156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim. This study aims to determine the knowledge level of the female primary healthcare workers about breast cancer and to reveal their attitude and behaviors about breast self-examination and mammography. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on female primary healthcare workers who work in family health centres. 91% (n = 369) of female primary healthcare workers agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about breast self-examination, and actual practice of breast self-examination. Results. The mean (SD) age of the female primary healthcare workers was 33.1 ± 6.8 (range, 20-54 years). The healthcare workers who practiced breast self-examination had significantly higher knowledge level (P = 0.001) than those who had not. The respondents had high knowledge level of breast self-examination; however, the knowledge level of breast cancer and mammography screen was low. Conclusions. While the female primary healthcare workers in this study had adequate knowledge of breast self-examination, this is not reflected in their attitudes and practices. Emphasis should be laid on breast self-examination in undergraduate and postgraduate courses for primary healthcare workers, since they are mostly involved in patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Erdem
- Kayapınar Family Health Centre Number 9, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Almutairi KM, Ahmad M, Vinluan JM, Almutairi A. Random Cross-Sectional Determination of the Level of Awareness Among Female Saudi Patients About Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2016; 31:131-135. [PMID: 25631656 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-015-0795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to randomly determine the level of awareness and knowledge among female Saudi patients about the risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer as well as any awareness about the practices for breast cancer self-examination. A random cross-sectional survey was conducted over 4 months at two private medical clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The 4-month period was from December 2013 to March 2014. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that was both self-explanatory and user-friendly. Our study subjects included 174 randomly selected Saudi female patients with no medical history of breast cancer. These patients visited these private clinics for medical advice or for consultation on problems unrelated to breasts. Participants' perception of risk factors regarding early menses showed only 47.1 %. The most common risk factor known by the participants was a family history of breast cancer (84 %). The most widely recognized symptoms of breast cancer were occurrence of breast lumps (86.2 %) and breast pain (93.7 %). Awareness of information regarding breast self-examination (BSE) was 81.6 % in general. Many were aware of the opinion that proper and assisted knowledge about BSE can help in early detection of breast cancer. The patients were also aware that BSE is the most widely used method of screening for breast cancer in clinics and hospitals. All the participants showed sufficient knowledge about the risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer. These baseline findings are encouraging for providing more self-explanatory information (to patients) and guidance to health authorities for developing effective breast health care programs in the entire Kingdom for the female population and not only for patients visiting health care clinics for advice on other medical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Almutairi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Surgical, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jason M Vinluan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Almutairi
- Department of Medical Surgical, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Barriers to breast self examination practice among Malaysian female students: a cross sectional study. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:692. [PMID: 26587360 PMCID: PMC4642456 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the second reason of cancer deaths among woman worldwide, including Malaysia. The objective of this paper is to assess the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) and identify the barriers of BSE practice among undergraduate female students in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted among 810 female undergraduate students in Klang Valley, Malaysia between April–Jun 2012. Data was collected via self-administered questionnaire which was developed and pre-tested for this study.
Results The majority of respondents were Malay 709 (95.6 %) and single 719 (96.9 %) with a mean age of 21.7 (1.1). Only hundred eleven (15 %) of the participants had a family history of breast cancer. 70.5 % of the respondents do not practice breast self-examination, 70.5 % do not know how to do it, 64.7 and 61.5 % reported no symptoms of breast cancer and worries to detect breast cancer, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age, marital status and personal history of breast disease were statistically associated with the practice of breast self-examination. Conclusion In this study, a high percentage of respondents were aware of breast cancer but do not perform breast self-examination. Knowledge, socio-cultural and environmental factors were identified as barriers; so it is recommended that knowledge among the public about breast cancer and promotion of public breast health awareness campaigns through the media should be carried out.
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