Osteocalcin, Azan and Toluidine blue staining in fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma of the jaws

Nephroprotective effect of vitamin D Against Levofloxacin-induced renal injury: an observational study

The pathogenesis of kidney damage involves complicated interactions between vascular endothelial and tubular cell destruction. Evidence has shown that vitamin D may have anti-inflammatory effects in several models of kidney damage. In this study, we evaluated the effects of synthetic vitamin D on levofloxacin-induced renal injury in rats. Forty-two white Albino rats were divided into six groups, with each group comprising seven rats. Group I served as the control (negative control) and received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline (0.5 ml) once daily for twenty-one days. Group II and Group III were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of Levofloxacin (50 mg/kg/day) and (100 mg/kg/day), respectively, for 14 days (positive control groups). Group IV served as an additional negative control and received oral administration of vitamin D3 (500 IU/rat/day) for twenty-one days. In Group V, rats were orally administered vitamin D3 (500 IU/rat/day) for twenty-one days, and intraperitoneal injections of Levofloxacin (50 mg/kg/day) were administered on day 8 for 14 days. Group VI received oral vitamin D3 supplementation (500 IU/rat/day) for twenty-one days, followed by intraperitoneal injections of Levofloxacin (100 mg/kg/day) on day 8 for fourteen days. Blood samples were collected to measure creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase levels. Compared to the positive control group, vitamin D supplementation lowered creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde levels, while increasing glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase levels. Urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in rats administered LFX 50mg and 100mg compared to rats given (LFX + vitamin D). The main findings of this study show that vitamin D reduces renal dysfunction, suggesting that vitamin D has antioxidant properties and may be used to prevent renal injury.

Osseous Microanatomy and Histochemical Characterization in Species, Gender Determination and Age Estimation

Background: Bone is a tissue of particular interest, because the hard tissue of the skeleton is normally well preserved and details of microscopic structure can be seen in specimens many centuries old. The microscopic structure of bone can be utilized for identification of unknown bone samples in forensic odontology. Physical anthropologists may encounter complete or fragmentary specimens of bone in which standard anthropometric methods provide inconclusive or questionable information. If the histological structure of such material could reveal, with reasonable accuracy, details of species, age, and gender, it would be a useful and valuable laboratory tool. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections from biopsied lesions (5 cases each of goat bone, 5 cases of chicken bone specimen, 5 cases of human male bone specimen, 5 cases of human female bone specimen) was done. The variation of the trabeculae by measuring the average width of trabeculae, the average marrow space, and the ratio of the above two through morphometric analysis was assessed. The observational percentage variation amongst the species by number of osteons, osteocytes shape i.e., -spindle, elliptical and round, presence of inflammation was noted. The stroma and hard tissue for Collagen characterization (Special stains)Type, orientation and maturity using Picrosirus stain, Sub intimal fibrosis surrounding the bone using Van Gieson, Percentage of mature and immature bone pattern using Azan stain was analyzed. Result: Chicken bone shows absence of osteons in comparison to human bone with increased number of osteocytes. Goat bone shows plexiform pattern with scattered haversian canals more comparable to human bone architecture. Average human Haversian canal diameter was greater than non-human mammalian species. Azan staining helped in differentiation of mature from immature bone. Picrosirus staining helped in establishing collagen type, orientation and thickness. Sub intimal fibrosis surrounding the bone was checked using Van Gieson staining. Discussion: The complexities of bone tissue and its growth processes are such that misinterpretations of a critical nature can be made if the observer is not well informed on the multitude of basic details dealing with Osteogenesis, remodelling, and comparative histology. Conclusion: Bone histomorphological assessment is an effective method for species identification, gender determination and age estimation by fragmentary osseous remains.

A Rare Case of Vascular Proliferation in the Mandible of a Juvenile Horse

A fast growing, circumscribed, unilateral swelling of the right mandible of a juvenile horse was observed. Within few weeks, the continuously growing mass reached dimensions ranging from 7 to 10 cm in diameter and resulted in loss of the first deciduous premolar of the affected side. The animal was euthanized due to lesion progression. Histologically the mandibular swelling consisted of numerous variably sized vascular structures, partly filled with erythrocytes and embedded in a loosely arranged fibrous stroma within the medullary cavity of the mandible. Juvenile mandibular angiomatosis was diagnosed. To the authors' knowledge this is the first description of this rare entity in the mandible of a foal.