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Schmidt DC, Eriksson F, Bach-Holm D, Grønskov K, Kessel L. Long-term risk of glaucoma after cataract surgery in childhood. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:667-673. [PMID: 38233733 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the long-term risk of glaucoma after cataract surgery in childhood. METHODS This study took place from January 2022 until December 2022 and included patients from a large family with hereditary childhood cataract who had cataract surgery before 18 years of age. Patients underwent an ophthalmologic examination to determine the presence of glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). Patients who did not want to participate in the examination could contribute with a medical journal from their treating ophthalmologist. The risk of long-term glaucoma was determined using survival analysis, and risk factors were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS We included 68 patients (133 eyes) with a median age at cataract surgery of 7 years (IQR: 5-10). The median follow-up time after cataract surgery to glaucoma/OHT or the latest ophthalmologic examination was 35 years (IQR: 15-48). Twelve patients (18 eyes) had glaucoma, and five patients (eight eyes) had OHT, resulting in 15 patients with glaucoma/OHT. The long-term risk of glaucoma/OHT diagnosed in adulthood was 47.7% (CI: 21.8-70.9) at the age of 70 years of patients who were free of glaucoma before their 18th year. We could not confirm or dismiss an association between glaucoma/OHT and sex, age at surgery, number of ocular interventions before 18 years of age or glaucoma after cataract surgery in a first-degree relative. CONCLUSION Cataract surgery in childhood is associated with a high risk of late-onset glaucoma. Regular lifelong follow-up is important to ensure early diagnosis and prevent extensive vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chabané Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Frank Eriksson
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniella Bach-Holm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre of Diagnostic Investigations, Kennedy Centre, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Line Kessel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Choe S, Kim YK, Ha A. Nationwide incidence of and risk factors for undergoing incisional glaucoma surgery following infantile cataract surgery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16286. [PMID: 39009616 PMCID: PMC11251266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nationwide incidence and risk factors for incisional glaucoma surgery post-infantile cataract (IC) surgery in children remain poorly understood. We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Korean national health claims database to identify IC patients diagnosed before age 1 who had IC surgery among all Korean born between 2008 and 2018 (n = 9,593,003). We estimated the annual occurrence of undergoing incisional glaucoma surgery following IC surgery in the general population aged 0-10. The risk factors for incisional surgery including systemic comorbidities and ophthalmic anomalies were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Of 650 patients who had undergone IC surgery with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) follow-up period of 6.2 (3.2) years, 92 (14.2%) were diagnosed with glaucoma following infantile cataract surgery (GFICS). Among them, 21 patients (22.8%) underwent incisional glaucoma surgery after a mean (SD) follow-up duration of 5.4 (2.8) years from the diagnosis of GFICS. Median (InterQuartile Range) age at incisional surgery was 4 (2,6) years old. Twenty of 21 patients (95.2%) underwent incisional glaucoma surgery within 3 years of diagnosis of GFICS. No factors, except younger age at glaucoma diagnosis (P = 0.03), were associated with undergoing incisional surgery. These findings can better understand the epidemiologic features and clinical courses of GFICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Choe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Clifton Center for Biosocial Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ahnul Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju-si, Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju-si, Korea.
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Vu DM, Elze T, Miller JW, Lorch AC, VanderVeen DK, Oke I. Risk Factors for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Surgical Intervention following Pediatric Cataract Surgery in the IRIS® Registry. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2024; 7:131-138. [PMID: 37683729 PMCID: PMC10915110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare demographic and clinical factors associated with glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS) and glaucoma surgery rates between infants, toddlers, and older children using a large, ophthalmic registry. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Patients in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) who underwent cataract surgery at ≤ 17 years old and between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2020. METHODS Glaucoma diagnosis and procedural codes were extracted from the electronic health records of practices participating in the IRIS Registry. Children with glaucoma diagnosis or surgery before cataract removal were excluded. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to determine the cumulative probability of GFCS diagnosis and glaucoma surgery after cataract surgery. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with GFCS and glaucoma surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cumulative probability of glaucoma diagnosis and surgical intervention within 5 years after cataract surgery. RESULTS The study included 6658 children (median age, 10.0 years; 46.2% female). The 5-year cumulative probability of GFCS was 7.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1%-8.1%) and glaucoma surgery was 2.6% (95% CI, 1.9%-3.2%). The 5-year cumulative probability of GFCS for children aged < 1 year was 22.3% (95% CI, 15.7%-28.4%). Risk factors for GFCS included aphakia (hazard ratio [HR], 2.63; 95% CI, 1.96-3.57), unilateral cataract (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12-1.96), and Black race (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.12-2.32). The most common surgery was glaucoma drainage device insertion (32.6%), followed by angle surgery (23.3%), cyclophotocoagulation (15.1%), and trabeculectomy (5.8%). CONCLUSIONS Glaucoma following cataract surgery diagnosis in children in the IRIS Registry was associated with young age, aphakia, unilateral cataract, and Black race. Glaucoma drainage device surgery was the preferred surgical treatment, consistent with the World Glaucoma Association 2013 consensus recommendations for GFCS management. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Vu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Tobias Elze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joan W Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice C Lorch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah K VanderVeen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isdin Oke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Oshika T, Endo T, Kurosaka D, Matsuki N, Miyagi M, Mori T, Nagamoto T, Negishi K, Nishina S, Nomura K, Unoki N, Yoshida S. Long-term surgical outcomes of pediatric cataract-multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21645. [PMID: 38062153 PMCID: PMC10703864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the 10-year postoperative outcomes of pediatric cataract patients who underwent surgery at the age of 6 years or younger. A retrospective review of medical charts was conducted for 457 eyes of 277 patients, with the age at surgery averaging 1.3 ± 1.5 years (mean ± SD) and the follow-up duration averaging 12.8 ± 2.4 years (ranging from 10 to 17 years). The cohort included 250 eyes of 125 cases with bilateral aphakia (age at surgery 0.5 ± 0.8 years), 110 eyes of 55 cases with bilateral pseudophakia (1.9 ± 1.6 years), 42 cases with unilateral aphakia (1.1 ± 1.3 years), and 55 cases with unilateral pseudophakia (2.6 ± 1.7). A forward stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the best-corrected visual acuity at the final visit was significantly associated with laterality of cataract (with bilateral cases showing better results compared to unilateral cases), presence of systemic comorbidities, presence of ocular comorbidities, development of glaucoma, and phakic status (with better results in the pseudophakia group than the aphakia group). The age at surgery did not significantly affect visual acuity outcomes. A multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the incidence of secondary glaucoma was significantly linked to younger age at surgery, phakic status (higher in aphakic than pseudophakic eyes), and presence of systemic comorbidities. In conclusion, after pediatric cataract surgery, final visual acuity was better in patients with bilateral cataracts, those treated with an intraocular lens, and cases without systemic or ocular comorbidities and secondary glaucoma. The development of secondary glaucoma was linked to younger age at surgery, aphakic status, and presence of systemic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Oshika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takao Endo
- Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daijiro Kurosaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Naoko Matsuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Miyagi
- Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nishina
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nomura
- Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Wood A, Lim B, Matthews J, Karaconji T, Zagora SL, Jamieson RV, Grigg JR, Jones M, Rowe N, Hing S, Donaldson C, Smith JEH. Prevalence of Glaucoma Following Paediatric Cataract Surgery in an Australian Tertiary Referral Centre. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:2171-2179. [PMID: 37547173 PMCID: PMC10402721 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s400512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Secondary glaucoma following childhood cataract surgery remains the most common complication in the paediatric population. This study aimed to determine the incidence, time to progression and risk factors associated with the development of secondary glaucoma following childhood cataract surgery in a paediatric population. Outcome measures were the detection of secondary glaucoma, postoperative time frame to development of glaucoma and risk factors in its development. Patients and Methods A retrospective case series was conducted between 2003 and 2017 at a tertiary children's hospital in Sydney. The patient population included those 16 years or less of age who underwent congenital cataract extraction, with or without an intraocular lens implantation and who had been followed up for a minimum of six months following surgery. Patients were excluded if they had cataract aetiology other than congenital idiopathic cataract. Multivariate Cox Regression analysis was used to determine relevant risk factors. Results A total of 320 eyes in 216 patients were included in the study. Secondary glaucoma developed in 11.9% of eyes. In those that developed secondary glaucoma, the average time to onset from surgery was 3.2 years (median 2.75 years). The mean age of diagnosis of secondary glaucoma was 4.58 years (median 3.5 years, range 2.5 months to 13.23 years). Microcornea was the only adverse characteristic significantly associated with an increased risk of secondary glaucoma (HR 6.30, p 0.003). Conclusion Despite modern surgical techniques, glaucoma remains a significant long-term sequela in children following cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Wood
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jim Matthews
- Sydney Informatics Hub, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanya Karaconji
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sophia L Zagora
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Eye Genetics Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Disciplines of Genetic Medicine, and Child and Adolescent, Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Eye Genetics Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neil Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Hing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig Donaldson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - James E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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Choe S, Ha A, Choi S, Baek SU, Kim JS, Jeoung JW, Park KH, Kim YK. Nationwide Incidence of Infantile Cataract Surgery and Risk of Secondary Glaucoma in a Population-based Birth Cohort. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 246:130-140. [PMID: 36328202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the nationwide birth cohort incidence of infantile cataract (IC) surgery and the risk of secondary glaucoma in a Korean population. DESIGN A population-based, retrospective cohort study. METHODS We accessed the Korean National Health Claims database to identify patients with IC who were diagnosed before 1 year of age and who underwent IC surgery among all Koreans born between 2008 and 2018 (n = 9,593,003). We estimated IC surgery incidence in a birth cohort. The incidence rates of post-IC surgery glaucoma were estimated per 100 person-years, based on the Poisson distribution. The risk factors for post-IC surgery glaucoma, including ophthalmic and systemic comorbidities, were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS During the 11-year study period, 692 patients underwent IC surgery. The annual birth cohort incidence of IC surgery in the general population ranged from 5.10 to 9.29 cases per 100,000 individuals. Among patients who had been followed up for longer than 1 year (n = 650), 92 (14.2%) developed glaucoma, and its incidence rate was 2.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.86-2.80) per 100 person-years. The mean time from IC surgery to glaucoma development was 4.7 ± 3.5 years. No factors were identified as being associated with post-IC surgery glaucoma risk other than primary or secondary intraocular lens implantation, which reduces the risk (all P < .05). In patients without primary intraocular lens implantation, the risk of glaucoma increased steeply during the first 2 years after IC surgery. CONCLUSION This study identified the birth cohort incidence of IC surgery and secondary glaucoma risk in individuals of East Asian ethnicity. These estimates may help to better understand the epidemiologic features and clinical courses of patients with IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Choe
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (S.Choe, J.W.J., K.H.P., Y.K.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Departments of Ophthalmology (S.Choe, J.W.J., K.H.P., Y.K.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Ahnul Ha
- Departments of Ophthalmology at Jeju National University Hospital and Jeju National University College of Medicine (A.H.).
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Internal Medicine (S. Choi), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Sung Uk Baek
- Jeju-si; Departments of Ophthalmology at Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon; Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital (S.U.B.), Anyang
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology (J-S.K.), Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (S.Choe, J.W.J., K.H.P., Y.K.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Departments of Ophthalmology (S.Choe, J.W.J., K.H.P., Y.K.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Ki Ho Park
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (S.Choe, J.W.J., K.H.P., Y.K.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Departments of Ophthalmology (S.Choe, J.W.J., K.H.P., Y.K.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Young Kook Kim
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (S.Choe, J.W.J., K.H.P., Y.K.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Departments of Ophthalmology (S.Choe, J.W.J., K.H.P., Y.K.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology (Y.K.K.), Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul; EyeLight Data Science Laboratory (Y.K.K.), Seoul, Korea.
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Zhang Y, Song Y, Zhou Y, Bai B, Zhang X, Chen W. A Comprehensive Review of Pediatric Glaucoma Following Cataract Surgery and Progress in Treatment. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:94-102. [PMID: 36706336 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS) remains a serious postoperative complication of pediatric cataract surgery. Various risk factors, including age at lensectomy, intraocular lens implantation, posterior capsule status, associated ocular/systemic anomaly, additional intraocular surgery, and a family history of congenital cataract and GFCS, have been reported. However, the optimal surgical approach remains unclear. This review evaluates the diagnostic criteria, classification, risk factors, mechanism, and surgical management, especially the efficacy of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, in GFCS, and aims to propose an optimal clinical management strategy for GFCS. The results of our review indicate that ab interno trabeculotomy (goniotomy) may be the most appropriate first-line treatment for GFCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Incidence and risk factors of glaucoma after surgery for congenital cataract diagnosed under one year of age: Protocol for Korean Nationwide Epidemiological Study for Childhood Glaucoma (KoNEC). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264020. [PMID: 35176075 PMCID: PMC8853525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Congenital cataract (CC) can cause childhood visual impairment, even after CC surgery, due to subsequent occurrence of glaucoma. The post-CC-surgery glaucoma study results vary, due largely to the lack of a sufficient number of population-based cohort studies. This study herein proposed aims to assess the incidence and risk factors of post-CC-surgery glaucoma in a nationwide cohort. The clinico-demographic factors associated with outcomes of post-CC-surgery glaucoma will be investigated as well. Materials and methods This population-based, nested case-control study is planned as part of the Korean Nationwide Epidemiological Study for Childhood Glaucoma (KoNEC). Data for a nationwide retrospective cohort representative of the years 2008 to 2018 will be extracted from the National Institutes of Health database, which includes demographic information, diagnoses and medical visits as well as procedures, records of prescriptions, and comorbidities. Among the patients whose first CC diagnosis was made before age 1, only those who underwent surgery for CC will be included in the study. The rate of occurrence of post-CC-surgery glaucoma will be determined based on a Poisson distribution. Also, for cumulative incidence plotting, the Kaplan-Meier method will be used. To identify risk factors for occurrence and poor outcomes of post-CC-surgery glaucoma, we will perform a multivariable regression analysis of matched samples. The detailed patterns of post-CC-surgery glaucoma management will be studied as well. OSF registration number DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/AWTEC.
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IOL-Implantation bei Kindern mit Katarakt: Inzidenz und Risikofaktoren für ein Sekundärglaukom. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1528-5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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