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Xiong F, Acharya N, Rao N, Mochizuki M, Lietman TM, Gonzales JA. Ocular Signs and Testing Most Compatible with Sarcoidosis-Associated Uveitis: A Latent Class Analysis. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100503. [PMID: 38881612 PMCID: PMC11179406 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to explore the potential subgroups of sarcoidosis-associated uveitis (SAU) within a multicenter cohort of uveitis participants. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants A cohort of 826 uveitis patients from a uveitis registry from 19 clinical centers in 12 countries between January 2011 and April 2015. Methods We employed a latent class analysis (LCA) incorporating recommended tests and clinical signs from the revised International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS) to identify potential SAU subgroups within the multicenter uveitis cohort. Additionally, we assessed the performance of the individual tests and clinical signs in classifying the potential subclasses. Main Outcome Measures Latent subtypes of SAU. Results Among 826 participants included in this analysis, the 2-class LCA model provided a best fit, with the lowest Bayesian information criteria of 7218.7 and an entropy of 0.715. One class, consisting of 548 participants, represented the non-SAU, whereas the second class, comprised of 278 participants, was most representative of SAU. Snowballs/string of pearls vitreous opacities had the best test performance for classification, followed by bilaterality and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL). The combination of 4 tests with the highest classification importance, including snowballs/string of pearls vitreous opacities, periphlebitis and/or macroaneurysm, bilaterality, and BHL, demonstrated a sensitivity of 84.8% and a specificity of 95.4% in classifying the SAU subtypes. In the exploratory analysis of the 3-class LCA model, which had comparable fit indices as the 2-class model, we identified a candidate non-SAU subtype, candidate SAU subtype with pulmonary involvement, and a candidate SAU with less pulmonary involvement. Conclusions Latent class modeling, incorporating tests and clinical signs from the revised IWOS criteria, effectively identified a subset of participants with clinical features indicative of SAU. Though the sensitivity of individual ocular signs or tests was not perfect, using a combination of tests provided a satisfactory performance in classifying the SAU subclasses identified by the 2-class LCA model. Notably, the classes identified by the 3-class LCA model, including a non-SAU subtype, an SAU subtype with pulmonary involvement, and an SAU subtype with less pulmonary involvement, may have potential implication for clinical practice, and hence should be validated in further research. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxiu Xiong
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nisha Acharya
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Narsing Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Manabu Mochizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Miyata Eye Hospital Tokyo Clinic, 1-2-8 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas M Lietman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John A Gonzales
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Li B, Xie T, Nawy S, Shen Y. The development and the genetic diseases of the ciliary body. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100162. [PMID: 38595769 PMCID: PMC11002873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The ciliary body, located at the junction of the choroid and iris, is crucial in the development of the embryonic eye. Notch2 signalling, Wnt signalling, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling, and Pax6 signalling are critical for coordinating the ciliary body formation. These signalling pathways are coordinated with each other and participate in the ciliary body development, ensuring the precise formation and optimal functioning of the eye structure. Although rare, ciliary body hypoplasia, ciliary tumours, and genetic-related iritis indicate the intricate nature of ciliary body development. Given the ciliary body's important biological significance and potential medical relevance, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the developmental molecular mechanisms governing ciliary body formation and function. Here, we focus on the intricate signalling pathways governing ciliary body development and corresponding genetic ciliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baige Li
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China
| | - Scott Nawy
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Basu S, Hassman L, Kodati S, Chu CJ. Intraocular Immune Response in Human Uveitis: Time to Look Beyond Animal Models. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 266:17-25. [PMID: 38703799 PMCID: PMC7616079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the current and future approaches to investigating the intraocular immune response in human uveitis. DESIGN Perspective. METHODS Review of currently available methods for investigating the immune response in ocular tissues and fluids in patients with intraocular inflammation/ uveitis. The advantages and disadvantages of human studies have been compared to those of animal models of uveitis. RESULTS Animal models, while being excellent tools for mechanistic studies, do not replicate the clinical and immunologic heterogeneity of human uveitis. Opportunities for immunological studies in human uveitis are mostly limited to histological studies, or sampling of intraocular fluids and peripheral blood. Histopathological studies can be enhanced by revisiting published historical data, tissue repositories, or autopsy specimens. Intraocular fluids can be investigated by a variety of techniques. Among these, flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) provide single-cell resolution. While the current technology is costly and labor-intensive, scRNAseq is less limited by the low cellular yield from intraocular fluids and allows unbiased immune profiling enabling discovery of new cellular subsets. Immunological phenotypes uncovered from human data can be further investigated in animal studies. CONCLUSION The diversity of the intraocular immune response in uveitis patients remains challenging but can be studied by multiple techniques including histopathology, flow cytometry, and scRNAseq. Human data can be combined with animal studies for translating uveitis research into novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyava Basu
- From the Saroja A Rao Centre for Uveitis (S.B.), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Lynn Hassman
- UCHealth Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center (L.H.), Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shilpa Kodati
- Kellogg Eye Center (S.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Colin J Chu
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (C.J.C.), Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Rosenbaum JT, Pasadhika S. Ocular Sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:59-70. [PMID: 38245371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis frequently affects the eye and can do so in many different ways. Sarcoidosis causing uveitis can have distinctive features that facilitate identifying sarcoidosis as the cause of the uveitis. Progress is being made in elucidating ocular sarcoidosis, as for example, by transcriptomics, genetics, therapy, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Rosenbaum
- Legacy Devers Eye Institute, 1040 NW 22nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97210, USA; Corvus Pharmaceuticals, 863 Mitten Road Street 102, Burlingame, CA 94010, USA.
| | - Sirichai Pasadhika
- Legacy Devers Eye Institute, 1040 NW 22nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97210, USA
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Pessuti CL, Medley QG, Li N, Huang CL, Loureiro J, Banks A, Zhang Q, Costa DF, Ribeiro KS, Nascimento H, Muccioli C, Commodaro AG, Huang Q, Belfort R. Differential Proteins Expression Distinguished Between Patients With Infectious and Noninfectious Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:40-47. [PMID: 36637883 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2150224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the aqueous humor proteome and associated plasma proteome in patients with infectious or noninfectious uveitis. METHODS AH and plasma were obtained from 28 patients with infectious uveitis (IU), 29 patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU) and 35 healthy controls undergoing cataract surgery. The proteins profile was analyzed by SomaScan technology. RESULTS We found 1844 and 2484 proteins up-regulated and 124 and 161 proteins down-regulated in the AH from IU and NIU groups, respectively. In the plasma, three proteins were up-regulated in NIU patients, and one and five proteins were down-regulated in the IU and NIU patients, respectively. The results of pathway enrichment analysis for both IU and NIU groups were related mostly to inflammatory and regulatory processes. CONCLUSION SomaScan was able to detect novel AH and plasma protein biomarkers in IU and NIU patients. Also, the unique proteins found in both AH and plasma suggest a protein signature that could distinguish between infectious and noninfectious uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L Pessuti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quintus G Medley
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Huang
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Loureiro
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela Banks
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deise F Costa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kleber S Ribeiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Nascimento
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Muccioli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Qian Huang
- Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Kang H, Sun H, Yang Y, Tuong ZK, Shu M, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Yu D, Tao Y. Autoimmune uveitis in Behçet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease differ in tissue immune infiltration and T cell clonality. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1461. [PMID: 37720629 PMCID: PMC10503407 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Non-infectious uveitis is often secondary to systemic autoimmune diseases, with Behçet's disease (BD) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) as the two most common causes. Uveitis in BD and VKHD can show similar clinical manifestations, but the underlying immunopathogenesis remains unclear. Methods To understand immune landscapes in inflammatory eye tissues, we performed single-cell RNA paired with T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of immune cell infiltrates in aqueous humour from six patients with BD (N = 3) and VKHD (N = 3) uveitis patients. Results Although T cells strongly infiltrated in both types of autoimmune uveitis, myeloid cells only significantly presented in BD uveitis but not in VKHD uveitis. Conversely, VKHD uveitis but not BD uveitis showed an overwhelming dominance by CD4+ T cells (> 80%) within the T cell population due to expansion of CD4+ T cell clusters with effector memory (Tem) phenotypes. Correspondingly, VKHD uveitis demonstrated a selective expansion of CD4+ T cell clones which were enriched in pro-inflammatory Granzyme H+ CD4+ Tem cluster and showed TCR and Th1 pathway activation. In contrast, BD uveitis showed a preferential expansion of CD8+ T cell clones in pro-inflammatory Granzyme H+ CD8+ Tem cluster, and pathway activation for cytoskeleton remodelling, cellular adhesion and cytotoxicity. Conclusion Single-cell analyses of ocular tissues reveal distinct landscapes of immune cell infiltration and T-cell clonal expansions between VKHD and BD uveitis. Preferential involvements of pro-inflammatory CD4+ Th1 cells in VKHD and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in BD suggest a difference in disease immunopathogenesis and can guide precision disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongjian Sun
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Shandong Artificial Intelligence InstituteQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Shandong Artificial Intelligence InstituteQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Children's Health Research Centre, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Minglei Shu
- Shandong Artificial Intelligence InstituteQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Yunbo Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Di Yu
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Children's Health Research Centre, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Daoud A, Lema DA, Won T, Čiháková D. Integrative single-cell analysis of cardiac and pulmonary sarcoidosis using publicly available cardiac and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sequencing datasets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1227818. [PMID: 37576111 PMCID: PMC10419306 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1227818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiac presentation of autoimmune sarcoidosis, known as cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), is a poorly understood disease with high mortality and low diagnosis rate. While CS is an immunological syndrome, little is known about how cardiac parenchymal and stromal cells mediate its pathogenesis. Moreover, while most current sarcoidosis research is based on research in pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS), it remains unclear how much both presentations of sarcoidosis overlap. To tackle these concerns, we leveraged publicly available sarcoidosis transcriptomic datasets. Methods Two publicly available bronchoalveolar lavage single-cell RNA sequencing datasets were integrated to analyze PS relative to control. Additionally, two publicly available cardiac single-nucleus RNA sequencing datasets were integrated to analyze CS relative to control. Following integration, we ran cell-cell communication, transcription factor, and differential expression analyses on parenchymal, stromal, and immune subsets identified in our analysis. Results Our analysis revealed that there was an expansion of stromal and immune cells in PS and CS. We also observed upregulation of Th17.1 and attenuated activation transcriptional profiles in the immune cells of CS and PS relative to control. Additionally, we found upregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic transcriptional profiles in the cardiac stromal cells of CS relative to control. We also found that cardiomyocytes exhibited upregulated cardiac stress and proliferation transcriptional profiles in CS relative to control. Conclusions Our integrative transcriptomic analysis shows that despite tissue-specific differences, there are shared transcriptional trends between CS and PS. It also shows that stromal and parenchymal populations exhibit transcriptional trends that could explain their pathogenic role in CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Daoud
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Diego A. Lema
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Taejoon Won
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zheng J, Wang Y, Hu J. Study of the shared gene signatures of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and autoimmune uveitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1048598. [PMID: 36969183 PMCID: PMC10030950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1048598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the shared gene signatures and potential molecular mechanisms of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) and autoimmune uveitis (AU).MethodThe microarray data of pJIA and AU from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded and analyzed. The GEO2R tool was used to identify the shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and genes of extracellular proteins were identified among them. Then, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the shared immune-related genes (IRGs) related to pJIA and AU. Moreover, the shared transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in pJIA and AU were acquired by comparing data from HumanTFDB, hTFtarget, GTRD, HMDD, and miRTarBase. Finally, Metascape and g: Profiler were used to carry out function enrichment analyses of previously identified gene sets.ResultsWe found 40 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated shared DEGs via GEO2R. Then 24 shared IRGs in positivity-related modules, and 18 shared IRGs in negatively-related modules were found after WGCNA. After that, 3 shared TFs (ARID1A, SMARCC2, SON) were screened. And the constructed TFs-shared DEGs network indicates a central role of ARID1A. Furthermore, hsa-miR-146 was found important in both diseases. The gene sets enrichment analyses suggested up-regulated shared DEGs, TFs targeted shared DEGs, and IRGs positivity-correlated with both diseases mainly enriched in neutrophil degranulation process, IL-4, IL-13, and cytokine signaling pathways. The IRGs negatively correlated with pJIA and AU mainly influence functions of the natural killer cell, cytotoxicity, and glomerular mesangial cell proliferation. The down-regulated shared DEGs and TFs targeted shared DEGs did not show particular functional enrichment.ConclusionOur study fully demonstrated the flexibility and complexity of the immune system disorders involved in pJIA and AU. Neutrophil degranulation may be considered the shared pathogenic mechanism, and the roles of ARID1A and MiR-146a are worthy of further in-depth study. Other than that, the importance of periodic inspection of kidney function is also noteworthy.
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Bittar M, Mease P. Novel therapies in axial spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2022; 36:101811. [PMID: 36566165 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2022.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis have led to discoveries of new therapeutic targets, particularly the interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor axis, and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. While many of the available agents have proven to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis, a remarkable percentage of patients either fail or cannot tolerate these medications. This has prompted researchers to look for new targets that would maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. In this article, we review novel agents that were recently approved, in trials, and possible future targets or mechanisms. We also discuss their role as it pertains to the prevention of radiographic progression and the management of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Bittar
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Division of Connective Tissue Disease (Rheumatology), 956 Court Avenue, Coleman Building, Suite G326, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Philip Mease
- Swedish Medical Center/Providence St. Joseph Health and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Rheumatology Associates, 601 Broadway, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Lou B, Zeng L, Gao X, Qian X, Li JJ, Gu X, Liu Z, Liu K, Chen X, Lin X, Zhang F. A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human ciliary body. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:528. [PMID: 36163311 PMCID: PMC9512889 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The ciliary body critically contributes to the ocular physiology with multiple responsibilities in the production of aqueous humor, vision accommodation and intraocular immunity. Comparatively little work, however, has revealed the single-cell molecular taxonomy of the human ciliary body required for studying these functionalities. In this study, we report a comprehensive atlas of the cellular and molecular components of human ciliary body as well as their interactions using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Cluster analysis of the transcriptome of 14,563 individual ciliary cells from the eyes of 3 human donors identified 14 distinct cell types, including the ciliary epithelium, smooth muscle, vascular endothelial cell, immune cell and other stromal cell populations. Cell-type discriminative gene markers were also revealed. Unique gene expression patterns essential for ciliary epithelium-mediated aqueous humor inflow and ciliary smooth muscle contractility were identified. Importantly, we discovered the transitional states that probably contribute to the transition of ciliary macrophage into retina microglia and verified no lymphatics in the ciliary body. Moreover, the utilization of CellPhoneDB allowed us to systemically infer cell–cell interactions among diverse ciliary cells including those that potentially participate in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and uveitis. Altogether, these new findings provide insights into the regulation of intraocular pressure, accommodation reflex and immune homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaobing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Saito S, Keino H, Takasaki I, Abe S, Kohno H, Ichihara K, Hayashi I, Nakayama M, Tsuboshita Y, Miyoshi S, Okamoto S, Okada AA. Comparative Analysis of Serum microRNA in Diagnosed Ocular Sarcoidosis versus Idiopathic Uveitis with Ocular Manifestations of Sarcoidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810749. [PMID: 36142662 PMCID: PMC9506523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
“Idiopathic” is the most common category of uveitis, representing cases in which a specific diagnosis has not been established despite work-up. Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder affecting multiple organs including the lungs, skin, kidneys, and eyes. We used microRNA (miRNA) microarrays to investigate serum miRNA profiles of patients with ocular sarcoidosis as diagnosed by specific criteria (diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis), and patients with idiopathic uveitis characterized by ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis (suspected ocular sarcoidosis). Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering showed that serum miRNA profiles of diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis and suspected ocular sarcoidosis were both clearly distinguishable from healthy controls. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the miRNA profiles showed highly similar patterns between diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis and suspected ocular sarcoidosis. Pathway analysis revealed common pathways were involved in the two groups, including those of WNT signaling and TGF-beta signaling. Our study demonstrated a high overlap of differentially expressed serum miRNAs in patients with diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis and suspected ocular sarcoidosis, suggesting that these groups share a similar underlying pathology and may represent possible variants of the disease. Characterization of serum miRNA profiles may provide an opportunity for earlier diagnosis and treatment, and may inform more accurate clinical prognosis in patients with an ocular sarcoidosis phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Saito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Keino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-422-47-5511
| | - Ichiro Takasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hideo Kohno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kousuke Ichihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Isami Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tsuboshita
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjyaku, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sawako Miyoshi
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Susumu Okamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Annabelle A. Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Rosenbaum JT, Gill T, Martin TM. EnRAPtured: Is Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase a New Clue to the Pathogenesis and ThERAPy of Uveitis? OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2021; 1:100056. [PMID: 36247819 PMCID: PMC9559087 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Conrady CD, Yeh S. A Review of Ocular Drug Delivery Platforms and Drugs for Infectious and Noninfectious Uveitis: The Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1224. [PMID: 34452185 PMCID: PMC8399730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis refers to a broad group of inflammatory disorders of the eye that often require medical and surgical management to improve or stabilize vision and prevent vision-threatening pathological changes to the eye. Drug delivery to the eye to combat inflammation and subsequent complications from uveitic conditions is complex as there are multiple barriers to absorption limiting availability of the needed drug in the affected tissues. As such, there has been substantial interest in developing new drugs and drug delivery platforms to help reduce intraocular inflammation and its complications. In this review, we discuss the challenges of drug delivery, novel technologies recently approved for uveitis patient care and promising drug delivery platforms for uveitis and sequelae of ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Conrady
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Steven Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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