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Cui T, Sun H, Hu Z, Shi Y, Zhu J, Jin M, Qin B. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Evaluation of Conjunctival Vessels in Dry Eyes. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:1609332. [PMID: 37868692 PMCID: PMC10590264 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1609332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate conjunctival vessels in patients with dry eye disease (DED) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods This was a cross-sectional, observational clinical study. Twenty-three eyes of 18 patients with DED and 28 eyes of 23 healthy controls were included for examination in this study. The evaluation included the application of an Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire, Schirmer Basic Secretion Test, and anterior OCTA targeting the temporal conjunctiva. AngioTool software was used to quantify the total vessel length and vessel density in the 3 × 3 mm temporal region of interest. Results Blood vessel density measurements were compared across the OCTA systems. The total vessel length within the conjunctiva of the DED group (4799.34 ± 834.36) exceeded that of the control eye (3864.89 ± 1455.70) group (P < 0.05). However, the difference in vessel density between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion Measurement and analysis of conjunctival blood vessels using OCTA exhibited robust repeatability. In dry eyes, the total number of conjunctival blood vessels increased in accordance with disease severity. Hypoxia of conjunctival tissue may be an important cause of dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- TongFeng Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - HongYan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - ZiZhong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - YaBo Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - ManMan Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
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Wen Y, Jiang D, Tang K, Chen W. Current clinical applications of anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography: a review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2729-2741. [PMID: 36862203 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-05997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a revolutionary in vivo imaging technology that presents real-time information on ocular structures. Angiography based on OCT, known as optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), is a noninvasive and time-saving technique originally utilized for visualizing retinal vasculature. As devices and built-in systems have evolved, high-resolution images with depth-resolved analysis have assisted ophthalmologists in accurately localizing pathology and monitoring disease progression. With the aforementioned advantages, application of OCTA has extended from the posterior to anterior segment. This nascent adaptation showed good delineation of the vasculature in the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, and iris. Thus, neovascularization of the avascular cornea and hyperemia or ischemic changes involving the conjunctiva, sclera, and iris has become prospective applications for AS-OCTA. Although traditional dye-based angiography is regarded as the gold standard in demonstrating vasculature in the anterior segment, AS-OCTA is expected to be a comparable but more patient-friendly alternative. In its initial stage, AS-OCTA has exhibited great potential in pathology diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, presurgical planning, and prognosis assessments in anterior segment disorders. In this review of AS-OCTA, we aim to summarize scanning protocols, relevant parameters, and clinical applications as well as limitations and future directions. We are sanguine about its wide application in the future with the development of technology and refinement in built-in systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Kexin Tang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Kiseleva TN, Saakyan SV, Makukhina VV, Lugovkina KV, Milash SV, Musova NF, Zharov AA. [Use of optical coherence tomography angiography in assessment in conjunctival vascular architecture in health and pathology]. Vestn Oftalmol 2022; 138:32-42. [PMID: 36573946 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202213806132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigation of the capabilities of anterior segment (AS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in evaluation of conjunctival vascular architecture in healthy individuals and in various pathological conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 17 healthy volunteers (34 eyes; the control group) and 62 patients (68 eyes) with conjunctival lesions of various nature. All participants underwent AS-OCT and AS-OCTA with assessment of qualitative (vessels pattern, lumen, pathologic tortuosity) and quantitative parameters (vessel density (VD, %) in the lesion area). Mean VD (MVD) and local VD (LVD) were determined, as well as VD in perifocal tissues (PVD). RESULTS OCTA scans in 8 conjunctival sectors showed mostly radial pattern of the vascular architecture, with vessel lumen remaining the same over their entire visible length. Larger-sized vessels in deeper conjunctival layers were discovered in most cases. The lowest VD value (33.3%) was registered in the superotemporal quadrant, and the highest (38.9%) - in the nasal. Tortuosity of the vessels with course disruption, uneven lumen over the length of the vessels and increase in VD were observed in the area of conjunctival lesions in all cases excluding congenital abnormalities, pingueculae and conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial neoplasia. The malignant nature of the tumors was indicated by dense vessel distribution and difficulties for visualization of intravascular space, and confirmed by pathohistological analysis. An increase in the number of areas with a lace-like pattern was characteristic for melanomas, with mean VD of more than 50% in the most vascularized areas. CONCLUSION AS-OCTA is an informative method for the visualization of vessels in healthy conjunctiva and in conjunctival pathology. Local VD in the lesion area should be measured when the vessels are unevenly distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Kiseleva
- Helmholz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Saakyan
- Helmholz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Makukhina
- Helmholz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Lugovkina
- Helmholz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Milash
- Helmholz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N F Musova
- Helmholz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Zharov
- Helmholz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Wong MK, Laiton A, Milman T, Shields CL. OCT angiography of papillary squamous cell carcinoma in situ. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 45:265-266. [PMID: 34972577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Wong
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 840, Walnut Street, 14th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - A Laiton
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 840, Walnut Street, 14th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - T Milman
- Pathology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 840, Walnut Street, 14th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - C L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 840, Walnut Street, 14th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States.
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Membrane of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors in Primary Pterygium Surgery Compared to Amniotic Membrane Transplantation and Conjunctival Autograft. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235711. [PMID: 34884413 PMCID: PMC8658705 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective and comparative study aimed to compare the use of a conjunctival autograft (CAG), plasma rich in growth factors fibrin membrane (mPRGF) or amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in primary pterygium surgery. Patients were assigned for surgery with CAG (group A), mPRGF (group B), or AMT (group C). Pterygium recurrence, Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), graft size (measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT)), and ocular surface symptoms (visual analogue scale (VAS) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI)) were evaluated. Thirteen eyes in group A, 26 in group B, and 10 in group C were evaluated. No changes in BCVA (p > 0.05) were found. Recurrence cases for groups A, B, and C were none, two, and two, respectively, and three cases of pyogenic granulomas in group A. The horizontal/vertical graft size was lower in group B vs group A (p < 0.05) from months 1 to 12. The improvement in VAS frequency for groups A, B, and C was: 35.5%, 86.2%, and 39.1%, respectively. The OSDI scale reduction for groups A, B, and C was: 12.7%, 39.0%, and 84.1%. The use of the three surgical techniques as a graft for primary pterygium surgery was safe and effective, showing similar results. The mPRGF graft represents an autologous novel approach for pterygium surgery.
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Kounatidou NE, Palioura S. An update in the management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2021.1932465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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